非謂語動(dòng)詞復(fù)習(xí).ppt

1、1. He stood there, tired from a whole day of work, thinking of a way to escape from the construction site. 2. The news conference, to be held in that hall, has already been crowded with reporters. 3. Having reached the very peak of the Everest, the climbers cheered against the fierce north wind. 4.

2、He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now. 5. I heard the girl singing in the classroom. 6. The man talking with my father is Mr. Wang.,狀語,狀語,(賓語)補(bǔ)語,定語,定語,賓語,找出下列句子中的非謂語動(dòng)詞（含短語）,不能單獨(dú)作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。 還可以有自己的賓語和狀語構(gòu)成非謂語短語在句中一起做成分。 主要形式：不定式to do doing done,(not) to make,(

3、not) to have made,(not) to be making,(not) to have been making,(not) to be made,(not) to have been made,否定形式: not+-ing的形式, -ing ：(do),過去分詞:,done,doing,being done,having done,having been done,2.看“_”上要填的非謂語動(dòng)詞與相關(guān)的名或代詞（多是主語）的邏輯關(guān)系 主謂關(guān)系 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,非謂語動(dòng)詞解題一般思路,1.分析句子成分，看“_”上要填謂語還是非謂語,to write to be written to be

4、 writing to have written to have been written writing being written having written having been written written,非謂語動(dòng)詞的比較,作主語的區(qū)別 不定式作主語表示具體動(dòng)作 It is not very good for you to smoke so much. 你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。(具體) +ing作主語通常表示抽象動(dòng)作； Smoking is prohibited here 這里禁止抽煙。(抽象),不定式和+ing,作表語的區(qū)別,（1）不定式作表語一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示

5、將來 動(dòng)作。 What I would suggest is to start work at once . His wish is to buy a car in the near future .,(2) 動(dòng)名詞作表語表示抽象的一般性的行為。 Our work is serving the people . His hobby is collecting stamps .,(3) 分詞作表語. 表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞加上 ing 變成現(xiàn)在分 詞,譯為“令人的”, 加上ed 變成過去分詞, 譯為“ 感到.” Interesting/interested delighting/delighted

6、exciting/excited Disappointing/disappointed Travelling is interesting but tiring . They were very excited at the news,不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞,3 作賓語,英語中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式.但有些 動(dòng)詞要求 :,A 只能加不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞: afford agree appear ask attempt beg choose decide demand design desire determine expect fail Happen hope manage plan wish p

7、retend refuse,B 只能加動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞： admit appreciate avoid consider delay enjoy escape finish imagine keep mind miss permit practise prevent risk suggest stand allow advise forbid need require,C 有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和不定式作賓語的意思差別：,forget to do/forget doing stop to do/stop doing remember to do/doing regret to do /doin

8、g try to do /doing mean to do/doing,D有些動(dòng)詞使用動(dòng)名詞和不定式意思無差別,love， like，hate， prefer，intend， start， continue,不定式和動(dòng)名詞,E 這些常用的詞組要求用動(dòng)名詞作賓語,cant help cant stand be worth devote to look forward to stick to be used to object to be busy feel like get down to,3動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語比較 （1）有些動(dòng)詞后只跟不定式作賓語，如：want，wish，hope，man

9、age，demand，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect等。 We agreed _ here，but so far she hasnt turned up yet（NMET 1995） Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met,C,（2）有些動(dòng)詞后只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，如：admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape， excuse，finish，forgive，imagine， keep，mind，miss

10、，practise，resist， risk，suggest，deny等。 The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed_ （MET 1987） Acatching Bto be caught Cbeing caught Dto catch I would appreciate_ back this afternoon（MET 1992） Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling,C,C,（3）有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式又可以跟動(dòng)名詞，意義上無多大區(qū)別，如：love， like，hate，p

11、refer，intend，start， continue等。 I intend to finishfinishing the task this morning,注意問題,1.有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別 1）forget to do forget doing2）stop to do stop doing 3）remember to do remember doing4) regret to do regret doing5）try to do try doing,忘記要去做某事（此事未做）,忘記做過某事（此事已做過或已發(fā)生）,停止、中斷（某件事），目的是去做另一件事,停止正在

12、或經(jīng)常做的事,記住去做某事（未做）,記得做過某事(已做),對要做的事遺憾,對做過的事遺憾、后悔,努力、企圖做某事,試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法,注意問題,1.有些動(dòng)詞后使用動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的差別 6) mean to do mean doing 7）go on to do go on doing,打算，有意要,意味著,繼而（去做另外一件事情）,繼續(xù)（原先沒有做完的事情）,（4）有些動(dòng)詞后既可以跟不定式，又可以跟動(dòng)名詞，但意義上有區(qū)別，如：forget，remember， mean，regret，stop，try等。 The light in the office is still on Oh，

13、I forgot _ （MET 1991） Aturning it off Bturn it off Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it off You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well，now I regret _ that（NMET 1995） Ato do Bto be doing Cto have done Dhaving done,C,D,做賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別 有些使役動(dòng)詞及感官動(dòng)詞后如let, make, have, hear, see, feel,notice, watch,

14、observe等 動(dòng)詞不定式只說明賓語的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,賓語與動(dòng)詞不定式是主動(dòng)關(guān)系 Just then he heard someone sing in the next room. 現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系 Then he heard someone singing in the next room. 過去分詞說明賓語與過去分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系 He had his bike repaired yesterday. He found his watch stolen.,不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞, 過去分詞,作賓補(bǔ): We saw the teacher_.（做實(shí)驗(yàn)） Ive n

15、ever heard the song _ (用英語唱）,doing the experiment,sung in English,4 作定語,不定式作定語。A 不定式與其所修飾的名詞是主謂關(guān)系。 例：He was the last one to leave school yesterday . The train to arrive was from London . B 不定式與其所修飾的名詞是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。 Get him something to eat . She has a lot of work to do in the morning. C 不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的不定式做定語，要加上適當(dāng)

16、的介詞 和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。這里的介詞不能 省去。 I need a pen to write with . There is nothing to worry about .,不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞,分詞作定語,特點(diǎn) ：1 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)意義，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)含義。 2 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或已完成的 事。,He rushed into the burning house . The child standing over there is my brother . The room facing south is our classroom . He

17、 is an advanced teacher .,不定式和分詞作定語時(shí)的時(shí)間關(guān)系： 一般來說，不定式所表示的 動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后，現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作 與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，過去分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在 謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。,跳舞的女孩 被毀的房屋 下落的樹葉 落葉,A falling leaf,There is a river around our school（run). The watch now is hers (repair). He is a teacher by all his students (like). America is a countr

18、y (develop).,running,being repaired,liked,developed,a dancing girl,A fallen leaf,（過去分詞表完成）,現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng),A destroyed house,過去分詞表被動(dòng),現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行,做定語的區(qū)別 不定式表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, The building _next month is our library. 現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作, The building _now is our library. 過去分詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作. The building _ last year is our library.,

19、不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞, 過去分詞,to be built,being built,built,做狀語的區(qū)別 不定式作狀語一般表示目的,結(jié)果或原因: They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelfWe are glad to hear the news. 分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，表示原因時(shí)間或條件。 分詞作狀語放在后面一般表示伴隨, They stood by the roadside talking about the plan Not kno

20、wing what to do, he went to his parents for help. Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. The pop singer came to meet his fans, followed by two body guards .,不定式, 現(xiàn)在分詞, 過去分詞,分詞作狀語與主語的關(guān)系,Not _what to do, he went to his parents for help . (know) _from the hill, the town looks very bea

21、utiful .(see),分詞作狀語時(shí)前面可用連詞,When, while, once, if, unless , though等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句，若其主語 與句子主語相同時(shí)，可保留該連接詞，其余部分則簡化為分詞短語。,While walking along the street early in the morning , he saw her . Once seen ,it will never be forgotten . Even though given every chance ,they would not try .,knowing,Seen,表目的： He worked da

22、y and night to get the money. She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 注意不定式作狀語放于句首時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語與句子主語要一致： To save money, every means has been tried. To save money, he has tried every means. To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.,2) Since I am a stu

23、dent, I must study hard. Being a student, I must study hard. As we were not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again. Not satisfied with the result, we decided to do the experiment again. 3) If time permits, I will finish another lesson. Time permitting, I will finish another

24、 lesson. If he is allowed, he would eat all the food in the house. If allowed, he would eat all the food in the house.,原因,4)The students went out of the classroom, _（說說笑笑） He entered the room, _ (后面跟著女朋友）,talking and laughing,followed by his girlfriend,因?yàn)樗×耍?所以他沒有上學(xué)。 As he was ill, he didnt go to s

25、chool. = Being ill, he didnt go to school. 因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍ軌虻玫侥愕闹С?，所以給你寫了一封信。 As they hoped to get your support, they wrote you a letter. = Hoping to get your support, they wrote you a letter.,_more attention，the trees could have grown better（MET 1990） AGiven BTo give CGiving DHaving given,A,非謂語動(dòng)詞?？嫉钠渌Y(jié)構(gòu),1 疑

26、問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。疑問詞who,what,which,when, where和how后加不定式可構(gòu)成一種特殊的不定式短語。 它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語。,When to start has not been decided . I dont know what to know . The difficulty was how to cross the river . I can tell you where to get this book .,(主語）,（賓語）,（表語）,（賓語）,有時(shí)疑問詞前可用介詞，如 ： I have no idea of how to do it .,動(dòng)詞不定

27、式的幾個(gè)重要時(shí)態(tài),1 不定式的完成式常在動(dòng)詞appear,happen,pretend,seem等之后體現(xiàn) 它所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前。,I am sorry to have kept you waiting . She seemed to have forgotten her promise . He pretended to have read the book .,2,但在be,wish,intend,mean,plan,hope,expect ,should 或would like等 動(dòng)詞之后，則表示沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的行為。,He planned to have gone a

28、broad. I hoped to have seen her . I would like to have had your help . The enemy expected to have found him . I intended to have finished my work last night . We were to have sailed next morning .,他原計(jì)劃出國。 （但他沒有去）,我們本定于第二天早上啟航,不定式進(jìn)行式和完成進(jìn)行式,不定式進(jìn)行式表示其主要謂語動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)， 不定式所表示的動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生；不定式完成進(jìn)行式表示 其動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作，

29、在主要謂語動(dòng)詞所代表的動(dòng)作 之前一直在進(jìn)行。,When he came in ,I happened to be doing my experiment in the lab. They are said to have been quarrelling many years.,不定式的被動(dòng)式：,He wanted the letter to be typed at once . The book is said to have been translated into many languages .,3. 有時(shí)“with(without)+名詞（或代詞賓格）+分詞的結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨狀況的獨(dú)立主

30、格結(jié)構(gòu)。 eg. 1)With his homework finished ahead of time, he began to play computer. 2) He fell asleep with the lamp burning.,非謂語動(dòng)詞中的句型 1）Doing.+ v. Seeing is believing.眼見為實(shí)。 2) It is + no use/ good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, .)等名詞+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭沒有用。 3)There is no use (goo

31、d/point/sense/harm)+doing sth 做某事沒用 There is no use crying over spilt milk,4)在want, need, require等動(dòng)詞后,常用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)的意思。例如： My hair needs cutting. (= My hair needs to be cut.) 5)在某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)Generally / Frankly speaking , Judging from / by 中，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這種結(jié)構(gòu)只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞 Judging by his dress, he comes

32、 from a wealthy family. Frankly speaking, I dont like him at all.,_ late in the morning , Bob turned off the alarm. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having slept 2001春季高考 第21題,Multiple choice,2._ a letter from her parents, Lily is now looking forward to _ from them. Having not received; hear B. Not

33、received; hear C. Not having received; hearing D. Receiving not; hearing,V/phrases +ing: appreciate; avoid; cant help; consider; enjoy; escape; finish; give up; imagine; insist on; keep(on); mind;miss devote oneself to; pay attention to; be used to; get down to,B,因?yàn)橹髡Z是the purpose，在（purpose, wish, pr

34、omise, plan）后常跟不定式，故表語要用不定式，to不能省略，因此構(gòu)成the purpose is tonot todo 句型，故選B 。,Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,B,10. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play,11. The

35、 first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,12. -You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,

36、13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,14. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bicycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,D,常和不定式完成式連用的動(dòng)詞還有：,Would love, meant, hoped, planned,

37、expected, promised, wish等,例如：I meant to have telephoned you, but I forgot.,A,C,該題考查不定式的否定式作主補(bǔ)。要注意warn后跟詞方式， warn sb. not to do sth. warn sb. against doing sth. 該題應(yīng)該用結(jié)構(gòu)。兩外，not 應(yīng)放在to之前。,在大多數(shù)的動(dòng)詞可接不定式短語做賓補(bǔ)，只有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞（五個(gè)看see,watch,notice, observe,look at；三使役make,let, have;二聽listen to,hear等）須接不帶to 的不定式做賓補(bǔ)。,C,

38、1.該題考查過去分詞作狀語的用法。動(dòng)詞-ing或過去分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語應(yīng)是主語。,2.“陷入深思”有兩種表達(dá)法， A.Lose oneself in thought B.be lost in thought,按句子提供的語境可用結(jié)構(gòu)B.,該題考查過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的用法。The plan 與carry out 的關(guān)系是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。See sth.done 這結(jié)構(gòu)常見的還有watch(notice, observe,have 和make)sth. done.,C,4.It happened _ when I got off the bus. to rain B. raining C. to

39、be raining D. rained 5. Im glad _ a chance _ your factory. to have given; to visit B. to have been given; to visit C. to give; to visit D. to be given; visiting 6.I _to school, only _ that it was a holiday. A. hurry; to find B. hurried; to find C. had hurried; finding D. have hurried; finding,5. How

40、 about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking,6. _ down the radio - the babys asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn C. Turned D. Turn,7. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer. A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented

41、D. having invented,8. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time. -Thats all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you know,9. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. A. ride; ride B. riding; ride C. ride; to ride D. to ride;

42、riding,10. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing C. play D. to play,11. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A.having written B. to be written C. being written D. written,12. -You were brave enough to r

43、aise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to do b. to be doing C. to have done D. having done,13. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to,14. -What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ her new bi

44、cycle. A. As she lost B. Lost C. Losing D. Because of losing,1. _ black and blue, the lady couldnt move.A. Beaten B. Beating C. To be beaten D. To beat2. Most of the men _ to the party were from town.A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited3. When I got back, I saw a message _ to

45、 the door _ “ Sorry to miss you; will call later.”A. pin, read B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read4. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled5. With a lot of different problems _ , th

46、e newly-elected president is very pleased.A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,6. _ poor in English, Im afraid I cant make myself _.A. To be; understand B. Im; to understand C. Being; understanding D. Being；understood7. _ the room, the nurse found the tape-recorder _.A. Entering; ste

47、aling B. Entering; gone C. To have entered; being stolen D. Having entered; to be stolen8. English is a language _ in many countries.A. spoken B. speaking C. be spoken D. to speak9. I should say sorry to him. I regret _ to help him that day.A. refusing B. to refuse C. refused D. refuse10. Professor

48、Li is often seen _ something in his office.A. to write B. write C. wrote D. written,11. Do you still remember _ to your hometown ten years ago?A. taken B. to take C. to be taken D. being taken12. She is not used _ in the city.A. to live B. to living C. to have lived D. live13. Hurry up! He is sure _ us at the gate.A. waiting B. to wait C. to be waiting D. to be waiting for14. _ everywhere, the wolves had no where _ themselves.A. Hunting; hiding B. To hunt; to hide C. Hunted; hiding D. Hunted; to hide15. This is a _ car.A. use B. using C. to be used D. used,16. When _, ice changes into