翻譯基礎(chǔ)8英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的處理(翻譯081).ppt

1、English Long Sentences 英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的翻譯,Week 10,Students Presentation 公示語(yǔ)的翻譯 Methods of Translating Long English Sentences Attributive Clauses Homework exercises,Teaching Outline,Public Sign,老弱病殘?jiān)袑Ｗ?Courtesy Seats 顧客止步 Employees Only 閑人免進(jìn) Staff Only 未經(jīng)許可車輛不得入內(nèi) Authorized Cars Only,小草有生命，腳下請(qǐng)留情,1) Little grass

2、 has life, please watch your step. 2) Please give me a chance to grow. 3) Grass grows in silence. Please leave it alone. Stay off the grass!,除了腳印什么都不要留下，除了記憶什么都不要帶走。,Leaving nothing but your footprint; take away nothing but your memories. Keep off the grass!,花木多可愛，請(qǐng)您別傷害！,Kindly spare the lovely plan

3、ts. Keep off the grass!,身在綠海中，防火記心中！,While living in the trees, remembering Preventing fire! No fire!/ No burning!,友情提示：注意安全 請(qǐng)勿攀爬,Attention please: Be Aware of Security No Climbing Danger! No climbing!,警方提醒：貴重物品請(qǐng)隨身攜帶，妥善保管，請(qǐng)勿存放車內(nèi),Police Reminding: Please take your valuable with you and put them in sa

4、fe keeping. Please take the valuable with you and put them in safe keeping.,乾隆皇帝弘歷 Hongli the Emperor of Qianlong Hongli, Emperor Qianlong 隱居撰寫 wrotein a seclude way live in seclusion and write seclude oneself from society,定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯Attributive Clauses,I. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Attr

5、ibutive. II. Translation of Restrictive Attributive Clauses III. Translating Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses IV. Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials,I. A Comparative Study of English and Chinese Attributive Structures,This is the cat. 這就是那只貓。 This is the cat that killed the rat. 這就是那只捕

6、殺了老鼠的貓。 This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake. * 這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了蛋糕的老鼠的貓。 This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house. * 這就是那只捕殺了偷吃了放在房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。 This is the cat that killed the rat that ate the cake that was put in the house that Jack built. * 這就是那只捕殺

7、了偷吃了放在杰克修建的房間里的蛋糕的老鼠的貓。,II. Translation of Restrictive Attributive Clauses,Combination: 把從句譯為帶“的”的定語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)，放在被修飾詞前，將復(fù)合句譯成漢語(yǔ)單句。又稱“前置法”。 The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人對(duì)他怕得要死。 Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with. 污染是我們必須解決的一個(gè)迫切問題。 July and August are

8、 the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天氣很熱的月份。 In the room where the electronic computer is kept, there must be no dust at all. 在存放電子計(jì)算機(jī)的房間里，不能有一點(diǎn)兒灰塵。,2.Division,如果從句結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，譯成漢語(yǔ)前置定語(yǔ)顯得太長(zhǎng)而不符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣時(shí)，往往譯成后置的并列分句?？梢宰g成并列分句，重復(fù)英語(yǔ)先行詞，如： Between these two tiny particles, the proton and the electron, there i

9、s a powerful attraction that is always present between negative and positive electric charges. 在質(zhì)子和電子這兩個(gè)微粒之間有一個(gè)很大的吸引力，而這個(gè)吸引力總是存在于正負(fù)電荷之間。 還可以譯成并列分句，省略英語(yǔ)先行詞，如： Newton invented a paper lantern illuminated by a candle which he carried with him to light his way to school on dark winter mornings. 牛頓發(fā)明了一只點(diǎn)

10、蠟燭的紙燈籠，在昏暗朦朧的冬天早晨上學(xué)時(shí)帶著照路。,2.Division,He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weight up to two pounds each. 他種出了200個(gè)大得驚人的西紅柿，每個(gè)重達(dá)兩磅。 A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一種物質(zhì)，在適當(dāng)溫度下能夠燃燒并放出熱量。 They worked out a new method by which produc

11、tion has now been rapidly increased. 他們制定出一種新方法，采用之后生產(chǎn)已迅速得到提高。 They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives. 他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力，這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍愛的，在過去，許多中國(guó)人曾為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的生命。,3. Mixture,溶合法是把原句中的主語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)從句溶合在一起譯成

12、一個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子的一種翻譯方法。（There be 結(jié)構(gòu)句子往往這樣處理） There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month. 在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一個(gè)月。There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. 樓下有人要見你。 Fortunately, there are some chemical fuels that are clean and smokeless. 幸好有些化學(xué)燃料是潔凈無煙的。 There are some metals w

13、hich posses the power to conduct electricity and the ability to be magnetized. 某些金屬既能導(dǎo)電，又能被磁化。 There are many people who want to see the film. 許多人要看這部電影。,3. Mixture,還有一些定語(yǔ)從句，譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可將英語(yǔ)主句壓縮成漢語(yǔ)詞組作主語(yǔ)，而把定語(yǔ)從句譯成謂語(yǔ)，溶合成一個(gè)句子。 “We are a nation that must beg to stay alive,” said a foreign economist. 一位外國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家說道，

14、“我們這個(gè)國(guó)家不討飯就活不下去。” We used a plane of which almost every part carried some identification of national identity. 我們駕駛的飛機(jī)幾乎每一個(gè)部件都有國(guó)籍的某些標(biāo)志。 Good clocks have pendulums which are automatically compensated for temperature changes. 好的鐘擺可以自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償溫度變化造成的誤差。,III. Translating Non-Restrictive Attributive Clauses,1.

15、 在譯文中把原文從句后置，重復(fù)關(guān)系詞所代表的漢譯，譯成并列分句。 I told the story to John, who told it to his brother. 我把這件事告訴了約翰，約翰又告訴了他的兄弟. This is a college of science and technology, the students of which are trained to be engineers or scientists. 這是一所科技大學(xué)，該校學(xué)生將被培養(yǎng)成工程師或科學(xué)工作者。,2.前置法：一些較短的具有描寫性的從句也可譯成帶“的”的前置短語(yǔ)，放在被修飾詞前面,Transisto

16、rs, which are small in size, can make previously large and bulky radios light and small. 采用體積較小的晶體管可以使先前那種大而笨的收音機(jī)變得又輕又小。 The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. 整天躲在云層里的太陽(yáng)，現(xiàn)在又光芒四射地露面了. The emphasis was helped by the speakers mouth, which was wide, thin and hard set. 講話人那

17、又闊又薄又緊繃繃的嘴巴，幫助他加強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)氣。 But Miggles laugh, which was very infectious, broke the silence. 密格爾的富有感染力的笑聲打破了靜默。,3. 譯成獨(dú)立句,One time there was a violent thunderstorm, the worst I had ever seen, which obscured my objective. 有一次是暴風(fēng)驟雨，猛烈的程度實(shí)為我平生所僅見。這場(chǎng)暴風(fēng)雨遮住了我的目標(biāo)。,IV. Attributive Clauses Functioning as Adverbials

18、,1.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Cause 2. Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Result 3. Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Concession 4.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clause of Condition 5. Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Purpose,1.Translating i

19、nto Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Cause,We know that a cat, whose eyes can take in many more rays than our eyes, can see clearly in the night. 我們知道,由于貓的眼睛比我們?nèi)说难劬δ芪崭嗟墓饩€，所以貓?jiān)诤谝挂材芸吹暮芮宄?You must grasp the concept of “work” which is very important in physics. 你必須掌握“功”的概念，因?yàn)樗谖锢韺W(xué)中很重要。,2. Translating int

20、o Chinese Adverbial Clauses of Result,There was something original, independent, and heroic about the plan that pleased all of them. 這個(gè)方案富于創(chuàng)造性，獨(dú)具一格，很有魄力，因此他們都很喜歡。 Copper, which is used so widely for carrying electricity, offers very little resistance. 銅的電阻很小，所以廣泛地用來傳輸電力。,3. Translating into Chinese

21、Adverbial Clauses of Concession,He insisted on building another house, which he had no use for. 他堅(jiān)持要再造一幢房子，盡管他并無此需要. Electronic computers, which have many advantages, cannot carry out creative work and replace man. 盡管電子計(jì)算機(jī)有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但是它們不能進(jìn)行創(chuàng)造性工作，也不能代替人。,4.Translating into Chinese Adverbial Clause of Con

22、dition,Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. 人們拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能維持一家人的生活就行。 For any machine whose input and output forces are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated. 對(duì)于任何機(jī)器來說，如果知其輸入力和輸出力，就能求出其機(jī)械效率。,5. Translating into Chinese Adverbia

23、l Clauses of Purpose,They have built up a new college here, where students will be trained to be engineers and scientists. 他們?cè)谶@里建了一所學(xué)院，以培養(yǎng)科技人才 Ill try to get an illustrated dictionary dealing with technical terms, which will enable me to translate scientific literature more exactly. 我要設(shè)法弄一本有插圖的技術(shù)名詞詞

24、典，以便把科學(xué)文獻(xiàn)譯得更準(zhǔn)確。,References for further study,英漢互譯實(shí)踐與技巧 unit 9 ,名詞性從句 unit 10,定語(yǔ)從句 unit 11狀語(yǔ)從句 英漢翻譯基礎(chǔ)教程 第四單元 （p46-56）,一、名詞性從句,1. The King declared, “ Whoever makes my daughter laugh shall marry her.” 國(guó)王宣稱：“誰要是能把我女兒逗樂了，就可以娶她做妻子?！?2. It was in vain that the old lady asked her if she was aware she was s

25、peaking to Miss Pinkerton. 老太太問她明白不明白她是在對(duì)平克頓小姐說話，但這是白費(fèi)心血。 3. I was clear that he was going to meet Miss Carr and wanted to be alone. 很清楚，他是去看卡爾小姐了，所以要一個(gè)人去。,4. A principle of science tells what usually happens under certain conditions. 科學(xué)原理告訴我們?cè)谝欢l件下所會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。 5. I replied that they had never brought u

26、p the subject in conversation. 我回答說，在談話中，他們從沒有提到這個(gè)問題。 6. She had explained that interviews were the only way to keep the case in public consciousness. 她曾解釋道，接見記者是使公眾不至忘卻這樁案件的唯一辦法。,7. The fact is that the old lady believed Rebecca to be the meekest creature in the world. 事實(shí)是，老太太以為麗貝卡是天下最馴良的小家伙 8. “ I

27、f I have seen farther than other man, it is because I have stood on the shoulders of giants.” (Newton) “假如我比別人望得遠(yuǎn)了一點(diǎn)，這是因?yàn)槲乙颜驹诰奕说募缟?。”（牛頓） 9. We know the fact that bodies possess weight. 我們知道物體具有重量這個(gè)事實(shí)。 10. The meeting was to take place at a hotel, the Park Hotel on Nanjing Road. 會(huì)議在一個(gè)酒店內(nèi)舉行南京路國(guó)際飯店。,二、

28、試譯下列定語(yǔ)從句,11. Those who sacrifice themselves for the peoples cause are the real heroes of history. （前置法） 為人民事業(yè)犧牲自己的人是歷史上真正的英雄。 12. He was not at ease with those who made diplomacy their profession, particularly ambassadors. （前置法） 他同那班以外交為職業(yè)的人特別是大使們合不來。 13. The great inviolate place had the ancient pe

29、rmanence which the sea cannot claim. (后置法) 這塊沒經(jīng)騷擾過的偉大地區(qū)有著自古以來永遠(yuǎn)不變的性質(zhì)，這種性質(zhì)連大海都不能跟它相比。,14. He made the sound of sympathy which comes so readily from those who have an independent income. (后置法) 他發(fā)出了同情之聲，這種同情聲是那些有獨(dú)立收入的人最容易脫口而出的。 15. There has never been a man around me who wrote so many memos. (溶合法) 在我周

30、圍的人中從沒有一個(gè)象他那樣寫過那么多的備忘錄。 16. The ambassador, who had long been interested in Asian affairs, was flattered. （前置法） 早就對(duì)亞洲事務(wù)感興趣的那個(gè)大使，不禁受寵若驚。,17. I knew that John would tell his mother, who would probably tell Mary. (后置法) 我知道約翰準(zhǔn)會(huì)告訴他媽媽，他媽媽多半又會(huì)說給瑪麗聽。 18. He took the idea to Admiral King, who liked it and or

31、dered a secret study made to see if it could be done. (后置法) 他把這種想法向金將軍上將匯報(bào)，金將軍對(duì)這想法很感興趣，命令進(jìn)行秘密研究，看看是否可行。 19. Nevertheless, the problem was solved successfully, which showed that the computations were accurate.(獨(dú)立句) 不過問題還是圓滿地解決了。這說明計(jì)算機(jī)很準(zhǔn)確。 20. I had a problem, which became clearly obvious just as I wa

32、s to appear at the meeting. (譯成獨(dú)立句) 我遇到了一個(gè)問題。當(dāng)我就要出席會(huì)議時(shí)，這個(gè)問題越發(fā)明顯了。,三、將下列具有狀語(yǔ)功能的定語(yǔ)從句譯成各種相對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)偏正復(fù)句：,1. He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old. 他三歲就死了父親，所以記不起他父親了。 2. He insisted on buying another coat, which he had no use for. 他堅(jiān)持要再買一件上衣，雖然他并不用得著。 3. He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention the matter. 他想寫一篇文章，以便能引起公眾對(duì)這件事的注意。,4. Anyone who thinks that ratio