不定式詳解及順口溜.ppt

1、接不定式作賓語的動詞順口溜動詞不定作賓語，期希渴欲承擔起；愿望碰巧又出現(xiàn)，假裝安排不拒絕；準備計劃卻失敗，好像提供又猶豫；企圖要把目標證，等待要求作選擇。,同意提出做計劃，要求答應來幫忙。準備決定遭拒絕，敢于選擇有希望。不能做到莫假裝，設法做成決心堅。 agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， plan (打算，計劃)； demand， ask (要求)； promise (答應)； help (幫忙)； prepare (準備)； decide (決定)； refuse (拒絕)；dare (敢于)； choose (選擇)； wish，hope，want， expec

2、t (希望，想要)； fail ；（不能；忘記）； pretend (假裝)； manage (設法)； determine （決心）。,接不定式（而不接動名詞）作賓語的24個常用動詞afford to do sth. 負擔得起做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事arrangeto do sth.安排做某事ask to do sth. 要求做某事beg to do sth. 請求做某事care to do sth. 想要做某事choose to do sth. 決定做某事decide to do sth. 決定做某事demand to do sth. 要求做某事determine

3、to do sth. 決心做某事,expect to do sth. 期待做某事fear to do sth. 害怕做某事help to do sth. 幫助做某事hope to do sth. 希望做某事learn to do sth. 學習做某事manage to do sth. 設法做某事offer to do sth. 主動提出做某事plan to do sth. 計劃做某事prepare to do sth. 準備做某事pretendto do sth. 假裝做某事promise to do sth. 答應做某事refuse to do sth. 拒絕做某事want to do st

4、h. 想要做某事wish to do sth. 希望做某事,注：有些不及物動詞后習慣上也接不定式，不接動名詞：aim to do sth. 打算做某事fail to do sth. 未能做某事long to do sth. 渴望做某事happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事hesitateto do sth. 猶豫做某事struggle to do sth. 努力做某事,1) 動詞+ 不定式 affordaimappearagreearrangeaskbedecidebothercarechoosecomedaredemanddesiredetermineexpectelectendea

5、vorhopefailhappenhelphesitatelearnlongmeanmanageofferoughtplanpreparepretendpromiserefuseseemtendwaitwishundertake后直接加to do sth作賓語舉例：The driver failed to see the other car in time.司機沒能及時看見另一輛車。I happen to know the answer to your question.我碰巧知道你那道問題的答案。,2）動詞+不定式 ；動詞+賓語+不定式ask, beg, choose, expect , h

6、ate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wishI like to keep everything tidy.我喜歡每件東西都保持整潔。I like you to keep everything tidy.我喜歡你年使每件東西都保持整潔。I want to speak to Tom.我想和湯姆談話。I want you to speak to Tom.我想讓你和湯姆談話。,3） 動詞+疑問詞+ todecide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show,

7、 understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tellPlease show us how to do that. 請演示給我們如何去做。There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I cant make up my mind which to buy.有這么多的錄音機，我都拿不定主意買哪一種。注意:疑問詞帶不定式在句中作成分時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The question is how to put it into practice.問題是怎樣把它付諸實施。,非謂語動詞考點總

8、結,非謂語動詞,動名詞,分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞,動詞不定式,非謂語動詞使用條件,一個句子當中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下, 還有別的動詞出現(xiàn)時。,She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.,非謂語動詞的句法功能,可充當成分: 主語, 賓語, 賓語補足語, 表語, 定語, 狀語.,一、不定式,動詞不定式（The Infinitive）,一. 動詞不定式的基本構成：,由不定式符號to加動詞原形構成。其否

9、定式由not+不定式構成,肯定式：to do sth 否定式：not to do sth. 被動式：to be done 完成式：to have done,二. 動詞不定式的句法作用法,動詞不定式有副詞，形容詞和名詞的特征，因此在句中可作主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語定語、狀語等成份。,不定式運用口訣 本領最多不定式，主、表、賓、補、定和狀。 樣樣成分都能干，只有謂語它不敢。 大家千萬要當心，有時它把句型改， 作主賓時用“it”, 自己在后把身藏。 七個感官三使役， 賓補要把to甩開； 疑問詞后接上它，賓語從句可充當； 邏輯主語不定式，不定式前for sb. ; to前not是否定， 各種用法區(qū)

10、別開。,不定式在七個感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, find, notice, listen to, 三個使役動詞 let, have, make等后作賓補時,to要省略,1.不定式作主語,To lose your heart means failure. It took me only five minutes to finish the job. To do two things at a time is to do neither,(1)作主語,不定式做主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前。,To see is to believe,Not to get there

11、in time is your fault.,注：常用it做形式主語，將to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。,句型1：It + 謂語 + to do,It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.,句型2：Its + n. + to do,Its our duty _ help the poor.,It is a great enjoyment _ spend our holiday in the mountains,句型3：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.,It is + adj + for sb to do sth It

12、is + adj + of sb to do sth,（是形容人的品質的 ）,（是形容事物的性質的 ）,It is easy for me to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.,It is very kind of you to give me some help. Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.,You are very kind to give me some

13、 help.,you are impolite to speak to the teacher like that.,2.不定式作賓語,You neednt bother to come yourself. They are considering what to do next. Some who were famous in their own times would find it difficult to achieve success today.,afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、ag

14、ree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire,like love hate prefer,+,to do doing,remember forget regret,+,to do doing,try mean stop go on,+,to do doing,see watch look at hear listen to feel notice,+,sb.,+,do doing done,make let have,sb. be,seen watched looked at heard listened t

15、o felt noticed,+,to do,made let,1. I think youll grow _ him when you know him better. AlikingBto be like Cto likeDto be liking,reach the point or stage at which one does the specified thing 達到做某事的程度或地步: He grew increasingly to rely on her. 他越來越依賴她了,2. I dont know whether you happen , but Im going to

16、 study in the U.S.A. this September . Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard,3.不定式作表語,What she wants to do most now is (to) travel abroad. The most important thing is to take measures to prevent the pollution. 主語的內容或性質,He is to marry Rose.,表按計劃要做的事情.,4.不定式作定語,I need a pen to write with.

17、 Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone. The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.,5.不定式作賓語補足語,We often hear her sing the song at home. My teacher asked me to go there on time. She was considered to have stolen the money.,see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、ta

18、ste、smell、make、let、have,My advisor encouraged_ a summer course to improve my writing skills. A. for me taking B. me taking C. for me to take D. me to take,6. 不定式作目的狀語,Tim sat near the fire to get warm. The athletes practised hard to win the match.,相當于用in order (not) to，so as (not) to引導的目的狀語.,1. Hele

19、n had to shout _ above the sound of the music. A. making herself hear B. to make herself hear C. making herself heard D. to make herself heard 2All these gifts must be mailed immediately _ in time for Christmas. Ain order to have received Bin order to receive Cso as to be received Dso as to be recei

20、ving,3. _ more about university courses, call (920) 746-3789. ATo find out BFinding out CFind out DHaving found out 4. It was unbelievable that the fans waited outside the gym for three hours just _ a look at the sports stars. A. had B. having C. to have D. have,7.不定式作結果狀語,常用enough to，only to，so + 形

21、容詞/副詞 + as to, such + 名詞 as to do引導。 Would you be so kind as to step this way, please? I tried the door, only to find it locked inside. He is brave enough to go out alone at night Im not such a fool as to believe that.,1. The news reporters hurried to the airport , only_ the film stars had left. Ato

22、 tell Bto be told Ctelling Dtold 2. He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found,8. 不定式作原因狀語,常放在表示心理感覺的形容詞后 I am happy to see you. She was sad to hear the bad news.,9.不定式的完成式.,表示不定式中謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作先于主句的謂語動詞發(fā)出的動作。 The novel was said to have been pub

23、lished. I regret to have been with you for so many years. seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等動詞常用于上面句型。,此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成時，但要 注意與一般時的區(qū)別。 Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute. 對不起，請稍等。（說話時還未等） Im sorry to have kept

24、you waiting. 對不起，讓你久等了。（說話時已等了很久）,1. You were silly not _ your car. to lock B. to have locked C. locking D. having locked 2. I dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September . Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard 3. - Is Bob still performing? - Im af

25、raid not. He is said_ the stage already as he has become an official . to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left,10. 不定式的省略現(xiàn)象,不定式在感官動詞see, hear, feel, watch, notice, look at , listen to, overhear, observe 和使役動詞 have, make, let 后作賓語補足語時, 不定式省略to 。 例 I watched him disappear in the di

26、stance. 介詞but ,except, 后接不定式作賓語時，介詞前有行為動詞do ,不定式要省去to。 例 We did nothing but/except wait then.,不定式符號to作表語時的省略。當主語部分有行為動詞do, 作表語的不定式to可省略。 例: What I want to do now is find some books to read.,1. A computer does only what thinking people _. A. have it do B. have it done C. have done it D. having it don

27、e 2. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no choice but _ a taxi. A. to take B. taking C. take D. taken,11. 不定式后動詞的省略,動詞love, mean, want, hate, like, wish, expect, hope，try, intend, plan, refuse, prefer, seem 及be glad (pleased, delighted, happy) to 等后面接不定式時，為避免重復，常省略與上文相同的動詞，只保留to不定式符號。,1.- W

28、ould you like to go to the Great Theatre with me tonight. - _. A. Yes, I would like to go to the Great Theater with you tonight . B. Id love to, but I have an exam tomorrow. C. No, I wouldnt D. Thats all right 2.- Does your brother intend to study Germany? - Yes, he intends _. A. / B. to C. so D. th

29、at,句式 would have done , should have done, ought to have done, neednt have done , used to be 等省略形式為 would have , should have , ought to have, neednt have , used to be, 要保留不定式后的be或have。 例 -Are you a sailor ? - No, but I used to be (a sailor ).,1.He asked me to help him repair his radio, but I dont kno

30、w _. to do it B. how to C. what to do it D. how to do 2. His voice made me _ terrible. To feel B. feel C. feels D. felt 3. My parents told me _ people when they are in trouble. never laugh at B. not to laugh at dont laugh at D. not laugh at 4. Its bad manners _ rude to people. to be B. are C. be D.

31、to being 5. Its interesting _ us to take part in the games. A. of B. to C. for D. at,6.The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _ it more difficult. A not make B not to make C not making D do not make 7.Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to

32、 expect C to be expecting D expects 8.Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 9. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone,二、動名詞,充當成分: 主語 賓語 表語 定語,

33、動名詞（gerund）,一. 動名詞的基本構成,二. 動名詞的性質,動名詞既具有動詞的特點有具有名詞的特點，具體表現(xiàn)為：,1. 動名詞作主語,Seeing is believing. Playing chess is fun. Its no use waiting here.,2. 動名詞作表語,The nurses job is looking after the patients. The nurse is looking after the patients.,3. 動名詞作賓語,下列動詞后只能接動名詞：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, m

34、ind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。 Do you mind my opening the windows?,下列動詞短語接動名詞： leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, have trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention t

35、o, be fond of, be worth。 I am used to watching TV in the evening.,4. 動名詞作定語,動名詞作定語時，動名詞和它所修飾的詞沒有邏輯上的主謂關系. reading text a sleeping bag a walking stick,I am used to watching TV in the evening. She regret not having studied the computer hard. His being looked down upon made him sick. I cant really stan

36、d being treated like that.,5. 動名詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),五.動名詞的復合結構,動名詞前可以加一個 物主代詞或 名詞所有格來表示 這個動名詞邏輯上的主語 ，構成動名詞的復合結構或動名詞短語 1).物主代詞 / 名詞所有格 + 動名詞 在句中作主語: Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont be of much help. 2).人稱代詞賓格 / 名詞 /物主代詞 + 動名詞 在句中作賓語:

37、 Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my reading your paper?,1. The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C.

38、 on finding D. in finding 2. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having,練習,3. I really cant understand _ her like that. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating 4. He got well-prepared for

39、the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost,三、分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞. 充當成分: 賓語補足語,表語, 定語, 狀語.,分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),構成（以study和go為例）,現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別：,1.語態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動,Do you know the woman talking to Tom? The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.,

40、2. 時態(tài)上：現(xiàn)在分詞表進行，過去分詞表完成,Developing country boiling water Developed country boiled water,（一）現(xiàn)在分詞,1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,現(xiàn)在分詞可在句中作時間、原因、伴隨、條件、結果等狀語。,V-ing 形式作狀語,可表時間、原因、方式、結果、條件、讓步、伴隨或陪襯等含義, 相當于一個對應的狀語從句所表達的意思.,Walking in the street, I came across an old friend. = When I was walking in the street, I came across an

41、 old friend.,Being ill, he didnt go to school. =As he was ill, he didnt go to school.,Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. （方式）,If you use your head, you will find a way.,Though weighing almost one hundred jin, the box was lifted by him with one hand.,We were sitting by the window,tal

42、king about what happened yesterday.(伴隨）,解析,1.當v-ing形式作狀語時，若它所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，需用having done 2. v-ing形式作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須和主語保持一致；否則必須帶有自己的邏輯主語,=Using your head, you will find a way.,= Though it weighes ,注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語的幾個特性。 時間性。與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般時，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時則用完成式having done。 語態(tài)性。與句子的主語之間的關系，是主謂關系或動賓關系。遵循的規(guī)則“主動進行，被動完

43、成”。 人稱一致性。分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語。,1. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks. Not completingB. Not completed C. Not completing D. Not having completed,2The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. Awho has made Bhaving made Cmade Dmaking 3The storm

44、 left , _a lot of damage to this area . Acaused Bto have caused Cto cause Dhaving caused,4_from other continents for millions of years ,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world. ABeing separated BHaving separated CHaving been separated DTo be separated,2. 現(xiàn)在分

45、詞作定語,1. The picture_ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung,2Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed 3. The flowers _ sweet

46、in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,（二）過去分詞,1. 過去分詞作狀語,過去分詞作狀語，相當于一個狀語從句，用來說明原因、時間、條件等。,過去分詞作狀語,過去分詞作狀語，修飾謂語，大多說明動作發(fā)生的背景或情景，表示時間、條件、原因、讓步、伴隨情況等。一般說來，這一結構的邏輯主語是主句的主語。,a、表示時間,Seen from the space, the earth looks blue.,When

47、 it is seen from space, the earth looks blue.,b、表示條件,Kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,If they are kept in refrigerator, these vegetables will remain fresh.,c、表示原因,d、表示伴隨情況,e、表示讓步,Deeply moved by the story, the children began to cry.,As they were deeply moved, the children be

48、gan to cry.,She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter.,She walked out of the house, and was followed by her little daughter.,Beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,Although he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to let out the secret.,1_ with the size of the whole

49、earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all . ACompare BWhen comparing CComparing DWhen compared 2. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,2. 過去分詞作定語,1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing

50、and Mining Company, _ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known,3. 分詞作賓補,1) 跟分詞作賓補的動詞有：catch, have get, keep, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set等 2) 在復合賓語中，用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補，說明賓語是動作的發(fā)出者，形成邏輯上的主謂關系；用過去分詞作賓補，表示賓語是動作的承受者，構成邏輯上的動賓關系。,There was so much noise tha

51、t the speaker couldnt make himself heard. When he awoke, he found himself being looked after by an old woman.,如:,1. Dont leave the water_ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 2. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents .

52、 worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry,3. You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained,非謂語動詞的其他考點:,被動式： being done 表示一個現(xiàn)在進行的完成動作。,1.The building being repaired is our library. 2.The question being discussed is very

53、 important. 3. As we approached the village, we saw new houses being put up.,完成式：having done 所表示的動作在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生。,Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 2. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.,1. 主語一致,1. Having been attacked by terrorists

54、, _. A. doctors cane to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed C. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists,判斷下列句子正誤：,1. To learn English well, a lot of practice must be done. 2. Seeing from the hill, the city is more beautiful. 3. Heating , water will boil. 4. Getting t

55、here, the door was found opened.,判斷句子正誤并改正：,1, Being ill, his classmate sent him to hospital. 2. To get there in time, he told me to get up early. 3, Broken by Jim, I cant use the cup.,2While watching television, _. Athe doorbell rang Bthe doorbell rings Cwe heard the doorbell ring Dwe heard the doorb