讀后續(xù)寫課件

1、高考英語新題型讀后續(xù)寫,傳統(tǒng)高考英語試卷中的寫作部分多為命題作文，對考生的想象創(chuàng)造思維多有限制。作為考試改革的一部分，新題型的引入可望促進語言教學實踐良性發(fā)展。讀后續(xù)寫題型具有較好的效度和信度。讀后續(xù)寫要求學生在理解一篇不完整文章的基礎上，充分調(diào)動想象創(chuàng)新思維，大膽預測文章缺失部分的內(nèi)容走勢，進行充滿個性色彩的設計，并用英語進行續(xù)寫表達。該題型的啟用在培養(yǎng)學生的綜合語言運用能力（尤其是閱讀和寫作）和思維品質(zhì)（尤其是想象能力和創(chuàng)新精神）方面將發(fā)揮積極作用，這完全符合國家考試改革的理念和課程標準的要求。,一、讀后續(xù)寫的要求和特征,（一）讀后續(xù)寫的要求 讀后續(xù)寫任務要求考生在一段350詞以內(nèi)的語言材

2、料基礎上，根據(jù)該材料內(nèi)容、所給段落開頭語和所標示關鍵詞進行續(xù)寫（150詞左右），將其發(fā)展成一篇與給定材料有邏輯銜接、情節(jié)和結(jié)構完整的短文。續(xù)寫部分分為兩段。原文給出10處左右的標有下劃線的關鍵詞語，所續(xù)寫短文應使用5個以上。,（二）讀后續(xù)寫的特征 考試說明中評分原則部分規(guī)定，讀后續(xù)寫閱卷時按5個檔次給分。參考最高檔次第五檔（21-25分）的描述并考慮寫作部分評分的其它因素，可以認為一篇優(yōu)秀的讀后續(xù)寫具備以下特征：,1. 內(nèi)容豐富充實，與所給短文融洽連貫； 2. 連接成分應用得當，行文結(jié)構緊湊一體，與所提供各段落開頭語的銜接緊密合理； 3. 使用并用下劃線標示5個以上短文中標出的關鍵詞語； 4.

3、 詞匯豐富高級，語法準確多變（主被動句式、各類從句、特殊句式、非謂語動詞等的使用情況靈活恰當、不拘一格、游刃有余）； 5. 詞數(shù)充分，150詞左右。評分細則規(guī)定少于130詞的，從總分中減去2分； 6. 拼寫準確，英式或美式拼法皆可； 7. 標點合理，使用得當。,二、讀后續(xù)寫的步驟,讀后續(xù)寫的過程主要包括定位（Determine）、分類(Divide)、設計(Design)、初稿(Draft)、核查(Check)等五個步驟（簡稱“DDDDC”），具體如下。,（一）定位 第一個步驟，是通過閱讀定位所提供語言材料的核心信息，包括核心單詞、短語和句子等，目的是梳理內(nèi)容的發(fā)展脈絡和推進方向。本步驟的關鍵

4、在于高效的閱讀，要求學生在盡可能短的時間內(nèi)，基于對某種語言的掌握，利用分析綜合、分類比較、歸納演繹、抽象概括等邏輯思維技能，調(diào)動知識體中的有關部分，去洞穿語篇的文脈肌理，積極尋找信息。,考試說明并未對讀后續(xù)寫材料的體裁做出明確說明，僅描述為“一段350詞以內(nèi)的語言材料”，但王初明（2012）給讀后續(xù)寫下的定義是“閱讀一篇未完的故事，并隨后將它補全”，而且考試說明中的樣題也是記敘文，因此，可以推測，所給短文的體裁應以記敘文為主，要尤其關注記敘文的篇章結(jié)構和信息重點（人物、情節(jié)、環(huán)境、人稱、描寫手段、主題意蘊等）。,（二）分類 第二個步驟，對原文給出的10個下劃線關鍵詞語進行分類，目的是在第三步驟

5、設計情節(jié)時對其靈活地使用。對于記敘文，分類標準可以采用人物、動作、時間、地點、具體名詞和抽象名詞等。,（三）設計 第三個步驟，參考分類后的10個下劃線關鍵詞語，設計出與上下文內(nèi)容連貫、豐富充實、自然流暢、引人入勝的情節(jié)走勢。頭腦風暴出核心詞（以名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞等內(nèi)容詞為主）即可，無需完整句子。在設計過程中，應充分考慮以下幾點。,1. 續(xù)寫第一段的內(nèi)容設計既要考慮與上文的融洽銜接，同時也要考慮本段和最后一段開頭語的呼應和銜接，而后者是容易忽視的部分。簡言之，第一段的內(nèi)容設計要成功搭建本段與前文、后文的橋梁。 2. 續(xù)寫第二段是文章的結(jié)尾，要關注與文章開頭的遙相呼應，根據(jù)具體語境弘揚感情的

6、真、人性的善或拼搏的美，從而凸顯主題，升華精神?？紤]利用抒情和議論等表達方式使得畫龍點睛之處能夠表露文章深處蘊涵的主題意蘊、思想感情或人生哲理。,3. 靈活運用各種描寫手法，以幫助打造鮮活靈動的人物形象和豐富充實的情節(jié)鏈條。以動作描寫、語言描寫和心理描寫為主，輔之以恰當?shù)耐饷裁鑼懞铜h(huán)境描寫。情節(jié)的推動主要靠動作描寫，要完整描繪每一動作的前因和后果。語言描寫包括獨白和對話，可以反映人物情感、行為動機、或預示和推動故事情節(jié)的發(fā)展。心理描寫聚焦于在某一境況下人物的內(nèi)心活動，可以細膩地展示人物跌宕起伏的心路歷程。外貌描寫和環(huán)境描寫的使用應根據(jù)情節(jié)發(fā)展和主題表達的實際需要。（百度百科，動作描寫；語言描寫

7、；心理描寫；外貌描寫；環(huán)境描寫）。,（四）初稿 第四個步驟，按照情節(jié)鏈條進行初稿的撰寫。此過程應注意以下幾點。 1. 分析原文語言表達方面的顯著特征，觀察有無直接引語、各類從句、特殊句型、非謂語動詞等。通過模仿和創(chuàng)造，盡量提高與原文的協(xié)同，力求在各個語言層次（關鍵詞、短語和句型等）的表達風格上和原文保持一致。,2. 先在頭腦里組織整個句子的語法結(jié)構和內(nèi)容走勢，然后動筆書寫，從而下筆流暢、整潔美觀，避免字字艱難、反復涂改。 3. 對詞匯的選擇務必字斟句酌、精挑細選。文章是語言文字編成的織錦，詞匯是構成文章唯一的材料，是文章的色彩和音色，要確保圍繞主題之下的詞匯使用在理性思維引導下能夠豐富多彩和恰

8、當合理。,（五）核查 第五個步驟，核查連接詞、下劃線標明原文給出的5個以上關鍵詞語、詞數(shù)、語法詞匯、和標點等五個方面。核查有無連接詞的使用；如無，應增添連接詞，以保持上下文的銜接和連貫。核查是否使用下劃線標明原文給出的5個以上關鍵詞語。字數(shù)控制在150-160詞范圍內(nèi)為佳。最后通讀全文核查標點和語法詞匯。 以上五個步驟和評分第五檔（21-25分）的要求是相互對應的。五個步驟的逐個實施可以確保滿足評分第五檔在四個方面的要求。,三、范例分析,閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構 一個完整的故事。 注意： 1. 所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應為150左右； 2. 應使用5個以上短文中標有下劃線的關鍵詞語；

9、 3. 續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好； 4. 續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標出你所使用的關鍵詞語。 接下來，我們將運用上述五個步驟來進行讀后續(xù)寫。,A Faithful Friend,Neil loves to travel and he was so fond of forests. Whenever he plans for a holiday, he would choose a place that is blessed by Mother Nature. To celebrate his sons second birthday, he decided to stay and

10、enjoy the celebration in woods, located at the lap of a mountain. He with his family and friends, reached the village located near the woods and had his stay in the cottage. The cottage was located at the entrance of the dense forest, where the guests can see wolves wandering in the nearby place.,Ne

11、ils son saw a dog at the door and offered him a biscuit. The dog was happy and very soon the little son befriended the dog. On second day, the birthday of the boy was celebrated grandly in the woods within beautiful nature. The dog did not leave the boy even for a minute and they both became close f

12、riends.,The next day, Neil, his wife and others decided to go for hunting in the forest and arranged a babysitter to take care of the little boy for half a day. After 3 hours, all of them returned to the cottage and they seemed very tired. The cottage was open and nobody was there. The dog saw Neil

13、and others, it rushed to them and licked (舔) Neils shoes. Neils wife was shocked to see the blood strain in the dogs mouth.,Paragraph 1: Everyone was shocked to see the blood-spattered mouth._ _ _ Paragraph 2: Hearing the noise from the dog, the babysitter rushed out of the room._ _ _,一、Read and ans

14、wer the question (3mins): 1. Why did Neil choose such a place for their holiday? A. because its scenery is beautiful. B. because the villagers are kind. C. because he likes nature very much. D. because he loves different tastes. 2.What does “ befriend” mean in para 3? A. make friends with B. be simi

15、lar to C. be familiar with D.be friendly to,3.Why was Neils wife shocked to see the blood strain in the dogs mouth? A. because she did not know what happened. B because she thought something dangerous happened to her son. C.because she was scared of the dog. D. because she was timid.,二、Grammar: Neil

16、 is a gentleman 1_ (have) a lovely family, with his wife and a little son, who loves to travel and is especially fond of forests and woods. Whenever he plans 2_a holiday, 3 _ would choose a place that is blessed by Mother Nature.4 _ celebrate his sons second birthday, he decided to stay and enjoy th

17、e birthday celebration in woods,5 _ (locate) at the lap of a mountain. The cottage was at the entrance of the dense forest, 6 _ the guests can view animals wandering in the nearby place.,having,for,he,To,located,where,7 _the natural scenes were beautiful, the local villagers warned the guests to wat

18、ch 8 _ because there may be 9 _ (wolf) living in the forest. Soon the little boy played with a dog happily as if they 10 _ ( know) each other for a long time.,Although/ Though,out,wolves,had known,1.Tor F: Neil is a gentleman has a lovely family. =Neil is a gentleman who has a lovely family. =Neil i

19、s a gentleman having a lovely family. 2.Translation: 蘆湖公園位于高青縣中部。 Lu Hu Park is in the middle of Gaoqing county. Lu Hu Park lies in the middle of Gaoqing county. Lu Hu Park is located in the middle of Gaoqing county.,3.Translation: 盡管他很年輕，但他知道很多。 (although /though/ as) Although / Though / While he i

20、s young, he knows much. Young though / as he is, he knows much. 4. Soon the little boy plays with a dog happily as if they _ ( know) each other for a long time.,knew,三、 Discussing for Writing A short story : where when who what how why,1.Who? Neil and his family, including his wife and his little so

21、n; his friends; a babysitter; 2.Where? A cottage in the woods (forest) 3.What ? Neils family and his friends celebrated his sons second birthday 4.How many animals are referred to in the text? What are they? Two, dog and wolves.,5.What qualities will you remember when you think of dogs? loyal ,faint

22、hful(忠誠的), friendly(友善的), lovely,cute(可愛), smart(敏捷), intelligent, clever(聰明的). Good points,6.What qualities will you remember when you think of wolves? tricky (狡猾的） cruel（殘忍的） aggressive （進攻性的） snaky (陰險的). Bad points,Para1. Everyone was shocked to see the blood-spattered（濺、灑、潑） mouth. 1. Why was e

23、veryone shocked? Because they saw the blood-spattered mouth 2. Why was the dogs mouth blood- spattered? Maybe something dangerous happened to the babysitter or the little son, especially the little son-he was hurt or he was killed. More questions about the first paragraph:,Para2: Hearing the noise f

24、rom the dog, the babysitter rushed out of the room. 1.Whats the truth? How about the dog? the little son? the woves? The dog tried its best to protect the little son, fighting against the wolves, accounting for its blood-spattered mouth. The little son was safe, and the wolves were killed or escaped

25、.,2. Whats the main idea of this para? The truth of the story. 3. Who saw the truth? The babysitter saw the scene.,Attention: 1. 5處劃線； 2.有邏輯地大膽預測； 3. 抓住每段的關鍵詞； 4. 兩段間是否有邏輯關系； 5.注意字體和卷面,Para1: Everyone was shocked to see the blood-spattered（濺、灑、潑） mouth. They started to beat the dog. The poor dog scr

26、eamed in pain, which was wounded badly soon. Neil could not believe that the dog seeming to be friendly should be so fierce and even killed his little son. His wife cried sadly while calling the name of the little son.,Para2: Hearing the noise from the dog, the babysitter rushed out of the room. She was surprised why they were beating the dog, so she cried to make them stop. Then, she explained that the dog saved the boy when he was about to be attacked by some wolves wandering around the cottage. The dog fought with the