《主謂一致原則》PPT課件.ppt

1、主謂一致原則,I _ (be) a student. He _ (be) a teacher. We _ (be) all working hard. 2. I _ (have) a lot of story books.,一、 語(yǔ)法一致性原則：即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞就使用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就 使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,主謂一致原則:在英語(yǔ)句子中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須保持與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)的一致性所應(yīng)遵循的原則.,am,is,are,have,Someone _ (be) waiting for you. 2. There _ (be) nothing in the box. 3. No one _

2、 (know) the truth.,is,is,knows,注1: 由不定代詞 every, some, no, any與thing, body或one 合成的不定代詞在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)都視為單數(shù),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞要使用單數(shù)形式.,1.Li Ming and Li Hua _ (be) brothers. 2.The singer and the dancer _ (come) from Xian. 3.The singer and dancer _ (come) from Xian. 4. Bread and butter _ (be) her favorite food.,are,come,c

3、omes,注2:兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語(yǔ)由and連接時(shí),如果表示不同概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),如果表示同一概念,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù).(通常共用一個(gè)冠詞,表示兼屬),is,1.Every man and every woman _ (attend) the meeting. 2.Many a boy and many a girl _ (have) read the book. 3.More than one student _ (like) playing basketball.,attends,has,likes,注3:用“every/each/no/many a /more than one /

4、 no less than one + 單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).,二、意義一致性原則:主、謂語(yǔ)的一致不是根據(jù)其外部語(yǔ)法形態(tài)來決定,而是取決于主語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的內(nèi)在含義. 主語(yǔ)形式雖為單數(shù),但在意義上卻為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采用復(fù)數(shù)形式;主語(yǔ)形式雖為復(fù) 數(shù),但在意義上視為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)采用單數(shù)形式.,1.Half of her money _ (be) spent on clothes. 2.Half of the students _ (be) from the country. 3.About one third of farmers _ (be) getting rich. 4.Abo

5、ut one third of the water _ (have) been wasted 5. Most of his time _ (be) wasted. 6. Most of the windows _ (have) been cleaned.,注1:由“all, some, half, most, none, neither, part, plenty, a lot, the rest, majority, percentage 以及小數(shù),分?jǐn)?shù),百分?jǐn)?shù)+不可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式.,由“all, some, half, most, none, neither, par

6、t, plenty, lot, the rest, percentage, majority以及小數(shù),分?jǐn)?shù),百分?jǐn)?shù)+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式”作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.,is,are,are,has,is,have,a couple of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 a group of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 a great / good deal of / a large amount of + 不可數(shù)名詞 + 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞 a lot of / lots of / a large quantity of / quantities of / plenty of + 不可數(shù)名詞 + 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞

7、或復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞 a lot of / lots of / a large quantity of / quantities of / plenty of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞,1.The people in the city _ (be) very friendly. 2.The cattle _ (be) eating grass in the field.,are,are,注2:people, police, cattle 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式.,1.My family _ (enjoy) sports and games. 2.My family _ (hav

8、e) moved into the new house.,enjoy,has,注3:集體名詞:family, government, class, crew, team, group, staff, audience, committee, public 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí),如果作為一個(gè)整體看待，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，強(qiáng)調(diào)群體中的每一個(gè)具體成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,1.The injured _ (have) been taken to hospital. 2.The young _ (be) required to respect the old. 3.The new _ (be) sure to take

9、 the place of the old.,have,are,is,注4: “the + 形容詞/動(dòng)詞過去分詞”作主語(yǔ),表示一類人時(shí),謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式. “the + 形容詞”作主語(yǔ),表示某個(gè)抽象概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù) 形式.,1.The news _ (be) exciting. 2.Physics _ (be) difficult to learn.,is,is,注5: 有些以 s 結(jié)尾的名詞并非復(fù)數(shù),因此他們?cè)谧髦髡Z(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞要使用單數(shù)形式.如: news, politics, maths, physics, economics 等.,1.Three million tons

10、of steel _ (be) produced in the factory last year. 2.There _ (be) 500 square kilometers of sand.,were,are,注6:不可數(shù)名詞前如果有表示具體數(shù)量的復(fù)數(shù)名詞修飾時(shí),其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式.,1.A number of students _ (be) diligent. 2.The number of students _ (be) increasing.,are,is, a number of / numbers of +可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 表 “許多” the number o

11、f +可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式 表“的數(shù)量”,What _ (be) the population of Europe now?,is,注7：population 作主語(yǔ), 表示“人口”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。,1. A sheep _ (be) under the tree. 2. A flock of sheep _ (be) near the tree. 3. All possible means _ (have) been tried. 4. Every possible means _ (have) been tried.,is,are,have,has,單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名

12、詞如：sheep, deer, means（方法）, works（工廠）, species（種類）作主語(yǔ)時(shí) ，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要隨名詞的概念不同而用相應(yīng)的單、復(fù)數(shù)。,Chinese _ (be) rather difficult to learn. The Chinese _ (be) very hard working.,is,are,Chinese, English, French, Japanese 等作主語(yǔ)表示語(yǔ)言時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；表示某國(guó)人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,A pair of trousers _ (be) found under the bed. His trousers _ (be

13、) of good quality.,was,are,表示衣物或工具等名詞，如：trousers, shoes, scissors, glasses, compasses, chopsticks是由兩部分構(gòu)成的，單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果與“a pair of”等表示數(shù)量單位的短語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式。,The United Nations _ (be) in New York City. The Olympic Games _ (be) held every four years.,is,is,作主語(yǔ)的復(fù)數(shù)專有名詞指一個(gè)國(guó)家、地區(qū)、機(jī)構(gòu)、奧運(yùn)會(huì)或一物時(shí)，用單數(shù)動(dòng)

14、詞。,Such _ (be) his life. Such _ (be) the facts.,is,are,作主語(yǔ)的such指人時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞；指物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)視其含義而定。,三、整體性原則：主語(yǔ)從句，不定式，動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)，以及 表示時(shí)間，距離，金錢，價(jià)格等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞用作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般視 為一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式。,1.Reading _ (be) a pleasure. 2.100 dollars _ (be) not a small number. 3.5000 miles _ (be) a long distance. 4.When we will go to Beij

15、ing _ (be) not yet decided. 5.To help poor people _ (be) our duty.,is,is,is,is,is,1.What he wants _ (be) money, while what we want _ (be) good books. 2.What he says and does _ (do) not agree.,is,are,do,注: what 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句 表語(yǔ)是單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式; 表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式. 表示兩件事時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 用復(fù)數(shù)形式.,1.Either Ann or Jane _ (come)

16、from USA. 2.Neither he nor I _ (have) finish the work. 3.Not only his family but also he _ (like) Chaplins movies. 4.There _ (be) five pens and a book on the desk.,comes,have,likes,are,四、就近原則:即由成對(duì)的連詞 eitheror /neithernor/ not onlybut also/not but/there be 等連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ), 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致.,1.He as well as

17、his family _ (like) Chaplins novels. 2.No one except my parents _ (know) anything about it. 3.She , like her classmates, _ (be) good at singing.,likes,knows,is,五、附加性原則: 由with/together with/but/except/like/ as well as 等連接的名詞或代詞,它只是主語(yǔ)的附加成分,其謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞仍依照前面的名詞或代詞來確定.(也叫就前原則),I, who _ (be) your friend, will

18、try to help you.,am,Do you know the singer and dancer who _ (be) standing there?,is,Do you know the singer and the dancer who _ (be) standing there?,are,This is one of the best novels that _ (be) written by Lu Xun.,were,He is the only one of the students who _ (be) late.,is,如果主謂一致是在定語(yǔ)從句中考查，則要注意從句的謂語(yǔ)

19、動(dòng)詞要先與先行詞保持一致。但是如果先行詞有one of修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)；如果先行詞有the one of或the only one of修飾時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。,1. He and I _ (be) good friends. 2. Each minute and (each) second _ (be) valuable to us. 3. No sound and (no) voice _ (be) heard. 4. He or his brothers _ (be) this afternoon. 5. Either he or you _ (have)

20、hidden my book. 6. He as well as you _ (be) warm-hearted. 7. He is only one of the teachers, who _ (be) devoted to teaching. 8. Someone I do not know _ (be) coming. 9. Niagara Falls _ (be) the largest waterfall in America.,are,is,is,are,have,is,are,is,is,10. Three years _ (be) too long a time for me

21、 to wait. 11. Which _ (be) prettier, these or those? 12. What he needs _ (be) some helpers. 13. Six million tons of coal _ (be) exported last year. 14. 100 miles _ (be) covered in a single night. 15. Such as (Those who) _ (have) plenty of money do not want for friends. 16. The French _ (be) famous f

22、or their good wines. 17. “Politics _ (be) more difficult than physics,” said Einstein. 18. Early to bed and early to rise _ (make) a man healthy, wealthy and wise.,is,are,are,were,have,are,is,was,makes,19. The majority of students _ (find) it quite hard to live on the amount of money they get. 20. W

23、hat percentage of children _ (be) absent yesterday? 21. What percentage of his income _ (be) paid in income tax? 22. A pair of scissors _ (have) been taken. 23. Those are mine, Bob; the rest _ (be) yours. 24. There _ (be) only a small quantity of water left. 25. Which _ (be) more valuable, health or

24、 wealth?,find,were,is,has,are,is,is,練習(xí): 1.Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known (86) 2. Everyone, men and women, old and young _ sports and games. is enjoyB. were enjoying C. enjoysD. enjoy 3.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after

25、 another. A. is B. are C. am D. be (89),B,C,B,4.A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. have offered C. are offered D. has offered(90)5.The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were , was B. was , was C. was ,

26、 were D. were , were (96)6.This is one of the most interesting questions that _ asked.A. have B. has C. have been D. has been,A,C,C,7.The singer and the dancer _ come to the meeting.A. has B. have C. are D. is8. I have finished a large part of the book ; the rest _more difficult.A. is B. are C. was D. were9.The wounded _ by the hospital.A. have been taken in C. has been taken inC. have taken in D. has taken in,B,A,A,10. All but one _ here jus