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1、Oracle Database 10g on Windows: Architecture for Performance,David Colello Consulting Member of Technical Staff Oracle Corporation,Session id: 40171,Steve Fluge Senior Technical Consultant Intel Corporation,Database Architecture Agenda,Oracle Database 10g on Windows architecture 64-bit development l
2、andscape Migration & compatibility (32-bit to 64-bit) Future directions & conclusion Customer case study: Intel,Architecture: Thread Model,Unlike UNIX ports of Oracle Database 10g, Oracle Database 10g on Windows is implemented as a single operating system process. Typical “processes” such as PMON an
3、d LGWR have been converted to native Windows threads running in the single large Oracle process. One process exists per instance on a Windows machine.,Architecture: Thread Model,Oracle process,3GB or 8TB total,Code,SGA,Background and foreground threads,Architecture: Thread Model,Internally, relative
4、ly few code changes are required to implement the thread model. The SGA and PGAs are allocated differently and threads are used instead of processes, but very little else needs to change. As a result, its easy to maintain and port the database while at the same time preserving its inherent stability
5、, features, and performance.,Architecture: Thread Model,Thread model benefits: Faster context switches Decreased memory usage Quicker connection times Perceived as a more “native” implementation since it uses threads versus processes No changes required for client applications,Architecture: File I/O
6、,Full support for 64-bit file I/O enables very large files to be used by Oracle Database 10g on Windows There are no 2GB or 4GB limitations on database file sizes. The maximum size for an entire database on Windows is 4 petabytes (64K files x 16K bytes/block x 4M blocks/file).,Architecture: File I/O
7、,Async file I/O is built into Windows and Oracle Database 10g supports async I/O to all types of files, assuming that the portable code layers utilize async I/O. No limits on the number of files in a single database except those already imposed by Oracle portable code (around 64K files). Raw files a
8、re fully supported. They are better performing than file system files, but are harder to manage.,Architecture: Tuning,Both CPU affinities and thread priorities can be set and manipulated via registry parameters on a thread-by-thread basis. With the introduction of Windows-based NUMA platforms, Oracl
9、e Database 10g has been enhanced to recognize NUMA systems and adjust memory and scheduling operations accordingly.,Architecture: Tuning,Single production instances of Oracle on 32-bit Windows support more than 2000 concurrent connections. On 64-bit Windows, the number of connections can rise until
10、the operating system runs out of resources. With the use of technologies such as multiplexing, connection pooling, and RAC, the number of users supported by a single physical database grows much higher.,Architecture: Tuning,New for Oracle Database 10g: Fiber model support An extension of the thread
11、support already in place since Oracle7. Users may now run the database in fiber mode, which employs Oracle-scheduled fibers instead of O/S scheduled threads. For CPU intensive apps, this will provide a performance boost and reduce CPU utilization.,Architecture: Tuning,New for Oracle Database 10g: La
12、rge Page support Using new APIs in Windows Server 2003, Oracle can now allocate database buffers in fewer larger memory pages. This reduces the amount of CPU overhead required to access large amounts of RAM. For instances with large memory requirements, large page support on both 32 and 64-bit Windo
13、ws can improve performance.,Database Architecture Agenda,Oracle Database 10g on Windows architecture 64-bit development landscape Migration & compatibility (32-bit to 64-bit) Future directions & conclusion Customer case study: Intel,64-bit development details,Working with Intel Company Relations Mut
14、ual alliances teams Regular Executive Meetings Development Cooperation Intel engineering team on-site at Oracle Optimizing support on IA specifics Early access to new Processors/Systems Early access to Intels SW tools (Compilers & Tuning Tools),64-bit development details,Working with Microsoft Oracl
15、e is a beta site for Microsoft O/S releases Frequent communication occurs at many levels from executives to relationship teams to developers. Conference calls, briefings, etc. occur as needed between appropriate groups,64-bit development details,64-bit database architecture based on 32-bit database
16、Allows database to be built upon a stable, proven base with few architecture changes On Windows, thread architecture is retained Oracle not bound by specific memory amount or number of processors Will support as much as the OS can support,64-bit development details,Easy to port code base to 64-bit (
17、change a few #defines and recompile) Simultaneous porting to three different 64-bit Itanium platforms = knowledge sharing Most time is spent testing and on performance work All products in RDBMS bundle have been moved to native 64-bit,64-bit development details,Data access methods supported natively
18、 on 64-bit (initially): OLE DB ODBC Oracle Call Interface (OCI) JDBC SQLJ When 64-bit .NET Framework and interfaces are released, then ODBC.NET, OLE DB.NET, and ODP.NET will be supported,Itanium benefits for Oracle,Larger cache size Itanium L3 cache (on-die) is 3 MB Madison L3 cache up to 6 MB Less
19、cache latency (fewer clock cycles needed) Oracle benefits greatly with larger caches closer to the processor Allows for “bigger” systems,Itanium benefits for Oracle,Better Parallelism Better Instruction level parallelism More registers (328, 128 GP, 128 FP) Improved Scalability of System Bus allowin
20、g for bigger systems Improved Micro Architecture Predication removes delays caused by mispredicted branches,Itanium benefits for Oracle,Large memory addressability No 4 GB linear memory limitation for SGA Up to 8 TB of memory supported Page size can be up to 4GB Capacity, concurrent users, and perfo
21、rmance of Oracle database increases dramatically with more memory,Oracle 64-bit Performance Enhancements,Intel Electron compiler Provides profile-guided optimization (PGO) Better scheduling More parallelism through larger instruction groups Lower number of branch mispredictions Better use of instruc
22、tion paging and cache memory Expect 15%-25% performance improvement from PGO,Oracle10g Support on 64-bit,Itanium is supported by 64-bit Oracle DB server 64-bit Oracle DB client Itanium is not supported by 32-bit Oracle Database server 32-bit Oracle Database client Machines with 32-bit clients are in
23、teroperable with 64-bit Oracle on Itanium,Database Architecture Agenda,Oracle Database 10g on Windows architecture 64-bit development landscape Migration & compatibility (32-bit to 64-bit) Future directions & conclusion Customer case study: Intel,Migration,Upgrade process (32-bit to 64-bit) 32-bit d
24、ata files are compatible with 64-bit DB No need to recreate the database A full export and import is not required Database Upgrade Assistant provide to automate process For end-user applications, migrating to Oracle on Itanium is transparent No changes required to 32-bit client applications,Compatib
25、ility,Independent software vendors (ISVs) porting to 64-bit Oracle No Oracle-specific code changes required when moving from 32-bit Just make 64-bit application-specific changes and recompile Client programs completely unaffected by new back-end. No changes, re-compiles or re-links needed.,Agenda,Or
26、acle Database 10g on Windows architecture 64-bit development landscape Migration & compatibility (32-bit to 64-bit) Future directions & conclusion Customer case study: Intel,Future directions,Further Windows exploitation where it makes sense Architectural changes always being explored for capacity/p
27、erformance improvements. Some examples are fibers, completion ports, and NUMA-awareness. 64-bit scale-up as hardware permits,Useful links,Oracle on Windows home page Oracle Technology Networks Windows Development Center Oracle Data Provider for .NET ,Conclusion,Oracle is committed to Windows 64-bit
28、Windows Server 2003 on Itanium enables excellent performance and scalability for Oracle Database 10g,A N N O U N C E M E N T,As of September 5, 2003: NEC Express 5800/1320Xd, 521,440.53 tpmC, $11.77 tpmC, available February 15, 2004. Source: Transaction Processing Council (TPC), ,Wo
29、rld Record TPC-C Benchmark Using an NEC Express5800/1320Xd with 32 Intel Itanium2 processors on 64-bit Windows 2003, Oracle Database 10g achieved 521,440.53 tpmC with a price-performance ratio of $11.77/tpmC.,Database Architecture Agenda,Oracle Database 10g on Windows architecture 64-bit development
30、 landscape Migration & compatibility (32-bit to 64-bit) Future directions & conclusion Customer case study: Intel,Customer case study: Intel Agenda,Background Configuration Test strategy Key indicators and results Conclusion,Background,Business needs driving migration to Oracle9i and Windows Server
31、2003 on IA64 Affordable Scalability High performance computing at right price Prepares for next generation Grid Computing Can be part of a cluster of Itanium2 servers to consolidate databases,Background: Application,Call Center application 24x7 availability requirement Call centers located worldwide
32、 in follow the sun model High availability demand (5 9s) Scalability/Performance Customer base growing 30% annually Need to handle high volume surge traffic,Background: Application,Call Center application (cont.) Current usage Nominal load is 400 concurrent users. Peak loads can reach 500+ concurren
33、t users. Ancillary operations such as email, fax and batch data load processing take up to 20% of CPU processing.,Customer case study: Intel Agenda,Configuration,Configuration: 32-bit Architecture,Hardware Single database server with an application server 4 PIII Zeon processors 4GB RAM 200GB SAN vol
34、ume Operating System Windows 2000 Database Oracle9i Release 2 (32-bit),Configuration: 32-bit Database,SGA size and general configuration Total size = 1G (approximately) db_cache_size = 600M shared_pool = 400M log_buffer = 1M,Configuration: Application,Application characteristics 5k stored procedures
35、 Thick client Connection pooling managed by application server E-mail text messages stored as BLOBs Total memory footprint including PGA is 1.5GB at 400 connections,Configuration: 64-bit Architecture,Server hardware 16GB memory 4x800 MHz Itanium2 processors Operating System and software Windows Serv
36、er 2003 64-bit PowerPath Emulex drivers using HBA connectivity to SAN 64-bit file format set in the O/S,Configuration: 64-bit Database,Oracle9i configuration Larger SGA (2G) shared_pool = 400M buffer_cache = 1200M log_buffer = 2M pga_aggregate_target = 1G Objects cached in SGA 2x4M record tables Pin
37、ned several large PL/SQL packages,Customer case study: Intel Agenda,Test strategy,Test Strategy,The strategy for the comparison between a 32-bit XEON Oracle9i system and a 64-bit Itanium2 Oracle9i system was to generate an identical load on each system and compare both resource usage and performance
38、 under that load. Performance Monitor was used for resource usage capture. Application Characterization Tool Application Expert by Compuware was used for capturing performance. Visual Test Scripts were used to generate the user load against a thick client, connecting through an application server, w
39、hich then connected to the 32-bit or 64-bit database backend, depending on the test.,Customer case study: Intel Agenda,Key indicators and results,Results: 32-bit XEON Load 600 Users,CPU Avg. load 45%,Results: 64-bit Itanium2 Load 600 Users,CPU Avg. load 20%,Results: Response Time with 600 Users,32-b
40、it XEON Average response time under load: 2.27 seconds 64-bit Itanium2 Average response time under load: 1.16 seconds Note: Large queries that would not resolve under the 32-bit environment would resolve while utilizing the 64-bit Itanium2 system with Oracle9i.,Sample of indicators recorded,System p
41、erformance Change in load distribution between the database server and the application server Application performance Case creation Simple search function Complex search function,Key indicators,System Performance Change in load distribution between the database server and the application server CPU
42、load in database server changed from 45% to 20%, while application server CPU load increased from 30% to 100% Network traffic monitoring indicated bottleneck at the application server, as requests to the database were handled at a higher rate than the app server could generate,Key indicators,Application performance Login/logout Accoun
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