高中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件.ppt

1、非謂語(yǔ),非謂語(yǔ)：不作謂語(yǔ)，是改寫(xiě)從句的一種形式。 He told us that we should go to school. He told us to go to school. This is the story that is told by her. This is the story told by her . When I was young, I also liked games. Being young, I also liked games. He came home and cried(并列句）. He came home, crying.,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)名詞 v-in

2、g,分詞,現(xiàn)在分詞 v-ing,過(guò)去分詞 p.p,動(dòng)詞不定式 to do,主動(dòng)進(jìn)行用現(xiàn)分 被動(dòng)完成用過(guò)分 目的將來(lái)不定式 用途性質(zhì)用動(dòng)名,1.Swimming is his favorite sport. 2.He enjoys swimming. 3.His favorite sport is swimming. 4.The swimming pool in our village is being built.,（作主語(yǔ)）,（作賓語(yǔ)）,（作表語(yǔ)）,（作定語(yǔ)）,enjoy finish practice mind avoid suggest admit escape miss imagine

3、 risk,+,doing,作賓語(yǔ),advise consider allow permit forbid,+,doing sb. to do,注意,look forward to cant help be used to cant stand have fun feel like give up put off pay attention to have difficulty (in) insist on lead to devote to object to,+,doing,like love prefer start begin continue,+,doing to do,4,forg

4、et remember regret stop try mean go on,+,doing to do,5,need want require deserve be worth,+,doing to be done,6,動(dòng)詞不定式,1. To see you is glad. =It is glad to see you. 2.I want to see you. 3.I want him to see you. 4.My hope is to see you.,（作主語(yǔ)）,(作賓語(yǔ)）,（作賓補(bǔ)）,(作表語(yǔ)）,常用it 作形式主語(yǔ),（作定語(yǔ)）,（作原因狀語(yǔ)）,（作目的狀語(yǔ)）,（作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）,

5、5.He has no time to see you. 6.Im glad to see you. 7.Im coming to see you. 8.He went so early as to see you 9. To look at him, you would like him.,（作條件狀語(yǔ)）,句型1：It is adj. for/of sb. to do sth.,It is + adj + for sb to do sth It is + adj + of sb to do sth,（是形容人的品質(zhì)的 ）,（是形容事物的性質(zhì)的 ）,Eg. It is easy for me

6、to finish this work before ten. It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.,(1)作主語(yǔ),It is very kind of you to give me some help. Its impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.,句型2：It + 謂語(yǔ) + to do,句型3：Its + n. + to do,It takes us an hour _ get there by bus.,Its our duty _

7、help the poor.,1.常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有：,(2)作賓語(yǔ),(1) They wanted _(get) on the bus, didnt they? (2) He said he wished _( be ) a professor. (3) I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor. (4) He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.,2.見(jiàn)動(dòng)名詞用法,want expect wish allow advise ask cause force beg encourage invite order warn remind

8、 permit promise request persuade ,sb. to do,(3)作賓補(bǔ),1.Make less noise，theres a sleeping child. We only sell used books.,2.The young man sitting between John and Mary is the headmaster of our school. The bridge built last month needs repairing.,3.She was too frightened to move. What you said is really

9、 inspiring.,2.作后置定語(yǔ),3.作表語(yǔ),1.作前置定語(yǔ),現(xiàn)分和過(guò)分作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： boiling water 正在沸騰的水（表正在進(jìn)行） boiled water 開(kāi)水（表完成） developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 a disappointing look 一個(gè)令人失望的表情 a disappointed look 一個(gè)失望的表情 注：修飾人的表情、臉色、情感等要用v-ed. Eg. With a disappointed look on his face, he looked very sad. （復(fù)印資料）,I

10、 saw him caught by the police. I heard them singing in the classroom.,4.作補(bǔ)語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)完成,1. Seeing from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. 2.Seen from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful. 3. Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 4. Given more time, w

11、e could do it better.,5.作狀語(yǔ),Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying.,When they heard the bad news,分詞作狀語(yǔ)：,Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.,If they had been given more attention,Being so angry, he couldnt go to sleep.,Because he was so angry,They came into the classroom,

12、 singing and laughing.,To serve the people well, I study hard.,將下列狀語(yǔ)從句改為非謂語(yǔ) 短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)： 1. Because she was moved by the hero, she decided to study harder.,2. When he found the door locked, he went home.,He started early in order that he could get there on time.,復(fù)印資料練習(xí),非謂的不同形式,否定式：在之前加“not”,Eg: 1.The buil

13、ding being repaired is our library. 2.The question being discussed is very important. 3.Having turned off the radio, he began to go over his lessons. 4. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.,完成式：表示關(guān)收音機(jī)的動(dòng)作先于后面的動(dòng)作，并已經(jīng)完成。,不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： 1. “吾看三室兩廳一感覺(jué)” 5看：see、watch、loo

14、k at、notice、observe 3使：make、let、have 2聽(tīng)：hear、listen to 1感覺(jué)：feel,see watch look at observe notice hear listen to feel,+,sb./sth.,+,do doing done,注：以上詞語(yǔ)用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)要還原“to”,Eg: Ioftenhearhimsing thissong. He is often heard _ the song,to sing,注意：1.have sth. done 還表示 “使遭受” Eg: Mr.Smith had his house broken int

15、o while he was away on holiday. 2. have sb. doing 用于否定句中表示 “容忍” Eg:I wont have you speaking to your dad like that.,2. leave、keep、set、find、catch、with,Eg: Keep the engine endn running. We should keep the windows closed.,Eg: We found him (to be ) dishonest.,Eg: I caught him reading my private letter.,E

16、g: With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the man is having a hard time.,1.The house is not big enough for us all_.A. to live inB. to be lived in C. to live D. for living in 2. Would you please pass me the knife _?A. to cut the fruit withB. to cut the fruitC. cutting the fruitD. cutting the fru

17、it with 3.I have something important to say.please find a piece of paper （寫(xiě)上） 4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？ I have no pen （寫(xiě)）,to write on,to write with,動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ),五.動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),1).物主代詞 / 名詞所有格 + 動(dòng)名詞 在句中作主語(yǔ): Marys coming late made her teacher angry. Do you mind my smoking? Do you mind my

18、reading your paper? Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. Roses going wont be of much help. 2).人稱代詞賓格 / 名詞 + 動(dòng)名詞 在句中作賓語(yǔ): Im sure of him coming on time. He has never heard of a woman being a pilot. I dont mind Jack (him) going. She hates young people (them) smoking.,判斷下列句子正誤：,To learn

19、 English well, a lot of practice must be done. 2. Seeing from the hill, the city is more beautiful. 3. Heating , water will boil. 4. Getting there, the door was found opened.,5. Being ill, his classmate sent him to hospital. 6. To get there in time, he told me to get up early. 7. Broken by Jim, I ca

20、nt use the cup.,將下列非謂語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)改寫(xiě)為狀語(yǔ)從句,Not knowing her address, I cant write to her. 2. Entering the room, I saw a strange sight. 3. Scolded by the teacher, he was very sad.,4.Not knowing where to go, he asked a policeman . 5. Hearing her friend was badly hurt, she burst into tears. 6. Knowing his team had

21、 won, he became happy at once.,Task: complete the following sentences,1.“（你有衣服要洗嗎）?the maid asked. 2._(沒(méi)有完成作業(yè)),Tom was forbidden to watch TV. 3._(正在刷油漆), the house was not allowed to enter. 4._(被邀請(qǐng)參加舞會(huì)), Mary felt excited.,Do you have any clothes to be washed Not having finished his homework, Being

22、painted Not having been invited to the ball,not having been invited,is to let,to be writing a book named “ The Months”,5.The difficult maths problem _ (很難算出）. 6.She was angry for _(沒(méi)有被邀請(qǐng)）to the ball. 7.The thief stole into the store _(沒(méi)人看到） 8.The flat _(出租）,not having been invited,is difficult to wo

23、rk out,without being seen,is to let,9.The man who was on duty that day _ (應(yīng)受譴責(zé)） 10.They were proud of _ (被派往西藏去工作） 11.When the teacher came in, Tom _ (假裝再看書(shū)) 12.Ni Ping is said _ (寫(xiě)了一本名叫“日子”的書(shū)）,is to blame,having been sent to work in Tibet,pretended to be reading,to have written a book called “The D

24、ays”,13._ (從窗戶往外看), I can see many tall buildings. 14._ (從山頂往下看), the city looks more beautiful. 15._(他有很多活要干）.Dont bother him. 16._(他有很多活要干) and you can go ,too.,He has a lot of work to do He has a lot of work to be done,Looking out of the window,Seen from top of the hill,He has a lot of work to do

25、 He has a lot of work to be done,獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),一般來(lái)說(shuō)，分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。但有時(shí)候，分詞的動(dòng)作不是由句子的主語(yǔ)發(fā)出來(lái)的，它有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)（Independent Genitive）有兩部分組成，前一部份是名詞或者代詞，后一部分是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞)或形容詞、副詞、或介詞短語(yǔ)。前后兩部分具有邏輯主謂關(guān)系。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中做狀語(yǔ)，多用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)。 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)本身不是句子，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、目的等。,Given more time, we could do it bette

26、r.,Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.,1獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的形式：,（1）名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞及其短語(yǔ),The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.The pupils are walking slowly, their teacher following.,（2）名詞 / 代詞 + -ed分詞及其短語(yǔ),Good-bye said, we went home.All things considered, it is a good pl

27、an.,（3）名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞及其短語(yǔ),The weather (being) hot, we all went swimming.Dinner ready, the hostess asked her guests to be seated.,（4）名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式及其短語(yǔ),The money to be paid by the driver, the police went away.Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.,（5）名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞及其短語(yǔ),The

28、meeting (being) over, we left the room.,（6）名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞及其短語(yǔ),She stood there, book in hand.Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.,2with + 復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),這種結(jié)構(gòu)也可以看成是一種獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)有較鮮明的特色。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，with后的賓語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于該結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語(yǔ)，其后面的詞相當(dāng)于這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯謂語(yǔ)。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)很像一個(gè)用來(lái)說(shuō)明附帶情況或細(xì)節(jié)的，可以起狀語(yǔ)作用的句子。翻譯時(shí)，with原有的含意往往不翻譯出來(lái)。,（1）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 名

29、詞The brave man fought the tiger with a stick his only weapon.He was carried into the hospital, with his face a mass of bleeding flesh.,（2）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 介詞The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.He was asleep with his head on his arms.Family dependants, when ill, enjoy free med

30、ical treatment, with medicines at half price.,（3）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 副詞He went out with his hat on.The square looks more beautiful than ever with her lights on.,4）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 形容詞Dont speak with your mouth full.The once lowly serfs now walk with heads high.,5）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -ing分詞With the old man

31、 leading, the two started toward the mountains.With everyone surrounding us we can certainly succeed.She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.,（6）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + -ed分詞All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.He died with his lifes work still unfinished.With his matter settle

32、d, we left the room.,（7）with + 名詞 / 代詞 + 不定式They are highly mechanized farms, with machinery to do most of the work.This was a severe test, with innumerable difficulties to be overcome.With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived here.,3.由There being +主語(yǔ) 這種結(jié)構(gòu)多表示原因。例如：,There being a

33、 lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight. 因?yàn)橛性S多書(shū)要讀，他經(jīng)常學(xué)習(xí)到深夜。,Thanks a lot!,不定式、動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ),1。直接作主語(yǔ) （1）眼見(jiàn)為實(shí) （2）今天早晨做早操對(duì)身體 無(wú)益 （3）在這里吸煙很危險(xiǎn),1.To see is to believe 2.To do morning exercises today is not good for health. 3.To smoke here is dangerous,（1）眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。 （2）天天做早操有益于健康。 （3）吸煙不是好習(xí)慣。,1.Seeing is

34、 believing. 2.Doing morning exercises every day is good for health 3.Smoking is not a good habit,不定式與動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)的區(qū)別： 不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常表示具體動(dòng)作，而動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)經(jīng)常表示抽象動(dòng)作,A: 如果要說(shuō)明不定式表示的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的， 可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由 for 引起的短語(yǔ)。 It is easy for the students to read. It will be a mistake for us to help you.,B: 下列形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，不定式前常加一個(gè) of 引起的短語(yǔ)，這

35、些形容詞是： (表評(píng)價(jià)性的，來(lái)說(shuō)明邏輯主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)，特征，屬性） kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, wrong, right, careless, rude, polite,naughty etc. Its kind of you to think so much of us. Its unwise of him to leave home at once. It s wrong of him to speak bad behind others. Its wrong of the south to b

36、reak away from the Union.,動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，有自己特定的句型,（1）廣說(shuō)不做沒(méi)用 （2）做無(wú)益的后悔沒(méi)用 （3）吸煙太多無(wú)益 （4）學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是值得做的,4.Its worthwhile learning English well.,2.用it作形式主語(yǔ)，常與no use,no good,useless, worthwhile連用,1.Its no use talking too much without doing anything,2.Its useless crying over the spilt milk,3.Its no good smoking

37、 too much,1. Its no use _( sit ) here waiting. 2. There is no _( say )what will happen next. 3. Is it any good _( tell ) him the truth? 4. It is great fun _ (play) golf.,小結(jié)：動(dòng)名詞與不等式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別,一、對(duì)稱原則 二、特殊表達(dá) 三、固定句型 四、習(xí)慣用法,主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)對(duì)稱,動(dòng)名詞表示經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 不等式表示具體的、某一次的動(dòng)作,It takes sb some time to do sth,Its no use/

38、no good /useless/worthwhile + doing Its kind/wise/clever of sb to do sth Its important/necessary/hard for sb to do sth,to do 表示具體的動(dòng)作，-ing form表示泛指的動(dòng)作，通常 1. Her work is _( look ) after the children. 2. My aim is _( go ) to TsingHua University. 3. One of my bad habits is _(bite ) nails（指甲）.,作表語(yǔ),（3）做表語(yǔ)

39、：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+不定式,1). 其主語(yǔ)多為抽象名詞(wish, need),My wish is to be a scientist. The main thing is to keep our room clean.,2).,be to do可構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài),表 “準(zhǔn)備/打算/計(jì)劃/需要”;,She is to return next week. It was about to leave when it started to rain.,2。不定式作主語(yǔ)用it作形式主語(yǔ)，有自己特定的句型,（1）你這么說(shuō)真是太好了 （2）他說(shuō)出這樣的話太愚蠢了 （3）我們學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是必要的 （4）你們學(xué)好英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)

40、法并不難,3.固定句型,1.It is very kind of you to say so.,2.Its very foolish of him to say such things,3.It is necessary for us to learn English well,4.Its not difficult for you to learn well English grammar,（1）李壘每天花兩個(gè)半小時(shí)完成作業(yè) （2）你昨晚用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間寫(xiě)完的作文？,1.It takes LiLei two and a half hours to complete his homework.,2.

41、How long did it take you to finish writing your composition?,不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。,She could do nothing but cry,What do you like to do besides swim?,I have no choice but to go,(4)作定語(yǔ),不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：,Ihavealotofworktodo

42、.Herearesomebooksforyoutoread. Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea. TheymadeaplantostudyEnglish. HeexpressedhiswishtovisittheGreatWall.,不定式動(dòng)詞在介詞but，except，besides后面時(shí)，如果這些介詞之前有行為動(dòng)詞do的各種形式，那么，這些介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。,She could do nothing but cry,What do you like to do besides swim?,I have no choice but

43、to go,(4)作定語(yǔ),不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。不定式常和它所修飾的詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：,Ihavealotofworktodo.Herearesomebooksforyoutoread. Shewasthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea. TheymadeaplantostudyEnglish. HeexpressedhiswishtovisittheGreatWall.,1). 目的狀語(yǔ): 可放于句首,也可放于句末, 前面可加in order/so as/soas to表強(qiáng)調(diào).,He went to see the artist himsel

44、f. He stopped to have a look. He ran so fast as to get to school in time,2). 結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):主要用在enough to/tooto/only to結(jié)構(gòu)中。,The question is too difficult to answer. They worked hard enough to finish their work.,3). 原因狀語(yǔ): 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+adj.+ to do,表感情的adj.有: happy, surprised, pleased, glad, sorry, anxious(憂慮), disapp

45、ointed, careful, afraid, wrong.,Im very sorry to see you. He was afraid to leave him home,1. The man insisted_ a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding 2. Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great

46、 help. A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having 3. I really cant understand _ her like that. A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating 4. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity. A. to lose B. losing C. to be lost D. being lost,動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),動(dòng)詞不定式保留了動(dòng)詞的一些特征，具有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化，但是它的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)只有以下幾種，見(jiàn)下表。,When I got home, my son happened to be watching TV.,如果不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，要用完成式。,She is said to have read thirty novels this year.,Im sorry to have kept you waiting so long,After graduat