非謂語動詞課件-朱月-同濟大學.ppt

1、非謂語動詞,不定式 to +V,現(xiàn)在分詞doing,過去分詞V-ed,by Julie 朱月,1.非謂語動詞作狀語2. 非謂語動詞作定語,非謂語動詞作狀語 1. 作狀語的判斷 2. 五大經(jīng)典原則 3. 解題四大步驟 4. 連詞之后加分詞 5.獨立主格結構,1. 作狀語的判斷 Examples: Q: Given one more chance, I would like to tell the girl, “I love you.” 條件狀語 A: 周星馳,Q: To prove his saying “ genius is one percent inspiration and ninety

2、-nine percent perspiration,” he worked hard and he was successful at last. 目的狀語 A: Edison,Q: Having been in love with her for many years, Zhang Jie is married with her. 原因狀語 A:謝娜,Q: It happened on May 12th 2008, killing thousands of people. （an event） 伴隨狀語 A: the Earthquake in Sichuan.,1、不定式做狀語，只表示目

3、的、結果或原因： Hehurriedhomeonlytofindhismoneystolen. （結果狀語） Tomakehimselfheard,heraisedhisvoice. （目的狀語） Allofusaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress. (原因狀語) 不定式短語放在句首多作目的狀語， 在句末多作原因狀語，結果狀語。,2.現(xiàn)在分詞與不定式作結果狀語時的區(qū)別 1). European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in the world . A. mak

4、ing B. makes C. make D. to make 2). He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left . A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 現(xiàn)在分詞作結果狀語往往表示“正常出現(xiàn)的、自然而然的或意料之中”的結果。不定式作結果狀語時通常表示“偶然的、出乎意料的”一種結果,D full preparations, we decided to put off the meeting till next week.A. Not to make B. Not h

5、aving been made C. Making D. Not having made,沒準備好,沒準備好,我們,決定延期,主動,practice 分詞作狀語： 1). When _(heat), water will be changed into vapor. While _ (heat) water, we can change it into vapor. 2) _(see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful. _ (see) from the hill, you will find the city beautiful. 3) Gene

6、rally speaking, when _(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. If _(take) the drug according to the directions, you will be better soon.,heated,heating,Seen,Seeing,taken,taking,2. 六大經(jīng)典原則 原則一：非謂語動詞作狀語時，其邏輯主語原則上應與主句主語保持一致 1. Standing on top of the tall building, we could see th

7、e whole city. (StandingWhen we stood) 2. While watching television, _. (2005年全國卷) A. the doorbell rang B. the doorbell tings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings,1). - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day? - _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.

8、 A. Get B. Getting C. To get D. To be getting 2). In order to make our city green, _. A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees,True or false 1) Being an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 2) He being an

9、 orphan, the nurse treated him kindly. 3) As he was an orphan, the nurse treated him kindly.,T,F,T,原則二：作目的狀語，原則上用不定式 She got up very early to catch up the first bus. 3. When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there _ for a space flight. (07江西卷) A. training B. being trained C. to have train

10、ed D. to be trained,原則三：作結果狀語，可用-ing表結果在意料之中。用不定式作結果狀語表結果在意料之外 He hurried to the station, only _ that the train had left. (05廣東卷) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found He was busy writing a story, onlyonce in a while to smoke a cigarette. 08遼寧 A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. h

11、aving stopped 還少一個ing表結果在意料之中的例句,原則四：有被動意義時，原則上用過去分詞（done） 如動作尚未發(fā)生，則用不定式的被動（to be done) 如動作正在進行，則用-ing的被動（being done） When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes _ upon her A. seating; fixingB. to seat; fixingC. having seated; fixedD. seated; f

12、ixed seat vt. I seated myself.,sitting,=I was seated,=I sat down,原則五：強調(diào)動作發(fā)生在主句位于動作之前，原則上用完成式（據(jù)情況可用不定時的完成式或-ing的完成式）,3.解題四大步驟 分析句子結構，辨別“謂語與非謂語” She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.,找邏輯主語 We sat on the high hillock, listening to t

13、he old story. Having been dumped by his gf, he dated with another girl. Looking from the hill, youll find the city looks like an ant. Admitting what you say, I still think you are wrong. 一般來說，作狀語的非謂語動詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語,1. _ everything into consideration, they ought to have another chance. 2. Everything _

14、into consideration, they ought to have another chance. A. to take B. taking C. To be taken D. taken,B,D,分析語態(tài) 確定邏輯主語之后，分析非謂語動詞和邏輯主語在搭配使用上式主動還是被動關系。 1. “You cant catch me!” Jane shouted, _ away. A. run B. running C. to run D. ran 2. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by

15、 local police. A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Losing,B,D,分析時態(tài) 1. _ many times, he still repeated the same mistakes. 2. _ to finish the work in two hours, the students are busy in working. 3. _ his students to finish the paper, the teacher walked out of the classroom. A. Having been told B.

16、To be told C. Having told D. Told,A,D,C,解題步驟 方法總結： 辨別“謂語與非謂語” 找邏輯主語 分析語態(tài) 分析時態(tài),4. 連詞之后加分詞 分詞短語常?？梢杂迷谀承┻B詞如since, when, while, whenever, no matter how, once, until 等之后,看作是狀語從句中的省略現(xiàn)象。 1). No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven will still attract people all over the world. A. performed B. per

17、forming C. to be performed D. being performing 2). When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared,A,注意點： 1. 不定式在表語形容詞后作狀語，用主動形式表被動意義。 This question is difficult _ (answer)

18、. Do you think him easy_ (work) with? We find this rule hard _ (remember). 2. 有些分詞已經(jīng)轉變?yōu)楠毩⒊煞郑?含有“泛指”意義，在句中常作插入語。如：generally speaking, judging from, talking of, supposing that, considering, compared to., given., Given their inexperience, they have done a good job.,注意點： 獨立主格結構：名詞/代詞分詞 獨立主格結構在句中作狀語，相當于狀

19、語從句。 1）. Weather permitting, well go outing tomorrow. 2）. There being no interesting programs, he turned off the TV set. 3）All things considered, the plan should be put off. 4）. He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.,獨立主格結構。 As there was nobody， he had to go alone. There _ nobody, he

20、had to go alone. If time permits, I will go to see you. Time _ , I will go to see you. As the worked had been finished, he went to bed. The work _, he went to bed. 當存在不同主語時，可以用V-ing形式的獨立主格結構。,being,permitting,finished,1). European football is played in 80 countries , _ it the most popular sport in t

21、he world . (NMET 1998) A. making B. makes C. make D. to make 2). He hurried to the station only _ that the train had left . (2005廣東) A. to find B. finding C. found D. to have found 3). _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Gi

22、ving D. Having given 4). He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope,5). The research is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun 6) When _, the museum will be open to the public next year.

23、 A. completed C. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 7) The key_，she went through her handbag carefully. A. hadnt been found B. having not been found C. not having been found D. wasnt found,C,8). - Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become

24、 an official. A. to have left B. to have C. to have been left D. to be left 9). Aids is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years. (2006湖北) A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been ( = It is said that Aids have been the biggest h

25、ealth challenge to both men and women in),A,D,10). The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to produce in the cells inside human nose and throat. A. causing B. being caused C. to be caused D. to have caused 11). You must make every effort to find the person _ the car. A. who damaged B. damaging C.

26、 damaged D. that damaging,C,A,1. 不定式作主語 不定式作主語時，可以直接放在謂語動詞之前 To see is to believe. Not to get there in time is your fault. It takes us an hour _ get there. Its our duty _ help the poor. It is an enjoyment to spend our holiday in the mountains.,句型1：it +謂語+ to do,句型2：its +n.+ to do,It is silly of you

27、not to take my advice. It is very kind of you to do me a favor. = you are very kind to do me a favor. It is necessary for us to learn English well. It is easy for me to finish this work before nine. it is +adj. +for sb. to do (形容事物的性質) it is +adj. +of sb. to do （形容人的品質）,句型3：it is adj. for/of sb. to

28、do,see watch do hear + sb./sth. + doing feel done notice I saw two boys fight with each other. Two boys were seen to fight with each other.,被動句還原to,感 官 動 詞,do do have/make/let + sth./sb. doing done to do get/leave + sth./sb. doing done keep sb./sth doing done,使 役 動 詞,sb. be + to do,seen watched look

29、ed at heard listened to felt noticed made/let,被動句還原to,A cook will be fired if he is found _ in the kitchen. A. smokeB. smoking C. to smoke My mother makes me learn English every day. I am made to learn English every day. I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song.,高考真題演練 07北京

30、Excuse me sir, where is Room 301? Just a minute. Ill have Bob _you to your room. A. show B. shows C. to show D. showing 【11湖南卷】The ability an idea is as important as the idea itself A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed,【2011湖南卷,21】The ability an idea is as important as the ide

31、a itself A. expressing B. expressed C. to express D. to be expressed 07江蘇My parents have always made me _ about myself, even when I was twelve. A. feeling well B. feeling good C. feel well D. feel good,07浙江The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle _. A. to be heard B. to h

32、ave heard C. hearing D. being heard 08上海If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.A. to doB. to be doing C. doneD. doing,高考真題演練,1. David threatened _ his neighbors to the police if the damages were not paid. (09 上海),A. to be reported B. reporting C. to report D havin

33、g reported,2.If there is a lot of work_, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished.(08 上海),A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing,C,A,3. The last one _ pays the meal. - Agreed!(07全國) A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving,4. Energy drinks are not allowed _ in Australia but are brought

34、in from New Zealand.(06上海) to make B. to be made C. to have been made D. to be making,C,B,5. The problems _ at the meeting tomorrow are really hard to solve. A. discussed B. to discuss C. to be discussed D. discussing 6.07上海春_the safety of gas, the government has checked the citys gas supply system

35、thoroughly. A. To ensure B. Ensuring C. Having ensured. D. To have ensured,7. 07上海春All the staff in our company are considering_ to the city center for the fashion show. A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone 8. 07上海There is nothing more I can try _ you to stay, so I wish you good luck. A.

36、 being persuaded B. persuading C. to be persuaded D. to persuade,不定式專項練習 課后作業(yè) 1.You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth. A. pull out B. to pull out C. pulled out D. pulling out 2. If there is a lot of work _, Im happy to just keep on until it is finished. (上海卷) A. to do B. to be doing C. done D

37、. doing 3. 07安徽Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking,4.08江蘇To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear Englishas much as we can. A. speak B. speaking C. spoken D.to speak 5. 07全國IThe last one _

38、 pays the meal. Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 6.07全國IIts a long time since I saw my sister. _ her this weekend? A. Why not visit B. why not to visit C. Why not visiting D. Why dont visit,7.09江蘇Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as sh

39、ort-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures. A. help B. to have helped C. to help D. having helped 8. 09重慶With the world changing fast, we have something new with all by ourselves every day. A. dealB. dealt C. todealD. dealing 9.09湖南Nowadays people

40、 sometimes separate their waste to make it easier for it . A. reusing B. reused C. reuses D. to be reused,2. 非謂語動詞作定語,1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語 1. 意義 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動作。如果是單詞，放在被修飾詞；如果是短語，放在被修飾詞后。 2. 結構 主動式：V-ing; 被動式：being done,3.用法 （1）前置定語 e.g. Dont wake up the sleeping boy. He is a promising young man. A rolling stone

41、 gathers no moss. （2）后置定語 e.g. The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful. （3）現(xiàn)在分詞修飾somebody, nobody, anybody, everybody, something, anything, everything, nothing等不定代詞或指示代詞those時，要放在這些詞后面。 e.g. The president said something encouraging in his speech. The driver is one of those dying.,4. 注意 （1）后置定

42、語相當于省略的定語從句： The girl (who was) sitting in the corner I adorable. The houses (which was) being built for the survivors in the quake. The girl who have passed the exam is my gf. The girl having passed the exam is my gf. 完成式不能作定語,07全國IIAt the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard out

43、side the classroom. A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close 答案C 考點本題考查非謂語動詞作定語。 解析過去分詞作定語表完成、被動；不定式作定語表將來；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示正在進行。本題題意：開始上課時, 在教室外面就能聽到開關課桌的聲音。由句意可知表示開關課桌的動作正在進行, 因此用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。,【11全國卷】The next thing he saw was smoke _ from behind the house.

44、 A. rose B. rising C. to rise D. risen 09浙江There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicateB. indicating C. to indicateD. to be indicating 10浙江The traffic rule says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a chi

45、ld safety seat. A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing,高考真題演練 1. Did you enjoy yourself at the party? Yes. Ive never been to one before. (06四川) A. a more excitedB. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting 2. The flowers _sweet in the garden attract the visitors to the be

46、auty of nature. (2004上海) A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt,3.08上海Ideally _ for Broadway theatre and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favorite with many guests. A. locating B. being located C. having been located D. located 4.09上海Bill suggested _ a meeting on what to do for th

47、e Shanghai Expo during the vacation. A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold,課后作業(yè) 1. Would you please turn off the _ water? A. run B. was running C. ran D. running 2. He walked down the hills, _ softly to himself. A. singB. sings C. singingD. was singing 3. The old man, _ abroad for twenty year

48、s, is on the way back to his motherland. A. to work B working C. To have worked D. having worked,4. 09江蘇Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school, the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad. A. Attend B. To attend C. Attending D. Having a

49、ttended 5. 10北京Im calling to enquire about the position in yesterdays China Daily. A. advertised B. to be advertised C. advertising D. having advertised,過去分詞：V+ed 1. 作定語 2. 作表語 3. 作狀語,過去分詞：V+ed 1.過去分詞作定語 單個過去分詞作定語，常放在被修飾詞的前面; 過去分詞短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞的后面。 spoken English = English which is spoken terrified p

50、eople = the people who are terrified 1.English is a widely used language. 2.He threw away the broken cup. 3.This is one of the schools built in 1980s. 4.Prices of daily goods bought through a computer can be lower than store prices.,及物動詞的過去分詞 表示結束了的被動動作或者沒有一定的時間性,只表示被動關系。 polluted water = water whic

51、h is polluted reserved seats = the seats which were reserved trapped animal = the animal which was trapped,不及物動詞的過去分詞 不表被動，只表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，含有動作完成，動作結束之含義。 boiled water = water which has boiled fallen leaves = the leaves which have fallen risen sun = the sun which has risen,09上海With the governments ai

52、d, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected 08浙江It is one of the funniest thingson the Internet so far this year. A. findingB. being found C. to find D. found 【11湖南卷】The players from the whole country are expected to bring us ho

53、nor in this summer game . A selecting B to select C selected D having selected,課后練習 1. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices. A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying 2. With a lot of different problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

54、 A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled,3. Dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 4. When I got back, I saw a message _ to the door_ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. pin, read

55、B. pinning, reading C. pinned, reading D. pinned, read,2. 過去分詞作表語 表示“感覺流露”的一些過去分詞(如:interested, surprised, excited, frightened, shocked)和一些過去分詞(如dressed, drunk, devoted, lost, known)常用作表語,表示狀態(tài).其中有些僅表示狀態(tài),毫無被動意味。 How did the audience receive the new play? They got very excited. How did Bob do in the e

56、xams this time? Well, his father seems pleased with his results. She was very disappointed to hear the result. Hes quite experienced in teaching beginners.,Cleaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour. A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay 該題考查分詞作表語的用法?！皌o pay sb. by the hour” 計時給某人報酬。此題被動結構作表

57、語。類似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.,10上海 the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height. A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached 10湖南Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency. A. struggling B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle,10安徽He had a wonderful childh