book3unit4Astronomy全單元課件.ppt

1、,人教版 高中英語(yǔ) 選修三 Unit 4,Warming up,Unit 4 Astronomy,Unit 4,Astronomy,the science of the stars,solar system太陽(yáng)系,The Solar System,1111,Sun,Venus,Mercury,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Earth,Pluto,Neptune,Uranus,But scientists now think Pluto is too small to be called a planet.,Different ideas about how life began,Bi

2、g Bang,Pangu (盤(pán)古),God,Nuwa,Lets review the evolution of life on the earth.,After the “Big Bang”, the earth was full of water.,Original cells appeared in the ocean.,The cells in the water began to separate. Marine animals came into being.,Some animals (amphibian 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, however, although;表示因果關(guān)系的b

3、ecause, since;表示順承關(guān)系的so, and和表示對(duì)比關(guān)系的while, whereas, in contrast等。,常見(jiàn)的語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)志詞 (邏輯關(guān)系詞) 1. 表示并列關(guān)系 likewise, once again / once more, in (much) the same way (manner), similarly / similar to, also / as well as, not only but also , both and , neither nor , like / just like, as / just as, equally namely, or,

4、and 2. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系 but / yet / whereas, however, otherwise, in contrast (to), conversely, though / although, nevertheless, unlike, in spite of, despite, on the contrary, even if / even though, on the one hand , on the other hand ; instead(of), not as as , rather than, even so, while 3. 表示舉例 for example /

5、 for instance / e.g., such as, that is / namely / i.e., in other words, in general / in particular, especially, specifically 4. 表示因果關(guān)系 as a result, as a consequence, consequently, so / therefore / thus, then, for this reason, hence, accordingly, because / because of, owing to, thanks to, on account

6、of, since, due to, for, as, this is why 5. 表示遞進(jìn)關(guān)系 and, then, as well as, again, another, also / too, in addition (to), additionally, additional, besides, moreover, furthermore, not only but also , whats more 6. 表示讓步關(guān)系 though / although, while, even though / even if, nevertheless, in spite of / despi

7、te 7. 表示總結(jié) in a word, in brief, in short, above all, all in all, on the whole, in general, to conclude / in conclusion, to sum up / to summarize / in summary,HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH,No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theo

8、ry, the universe began with a Big Bang that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.,For several billion years after the Big Bang, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and

9、3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atm

10、osphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.,_ _,_ _,Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development o

11、f life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants bega

12、n to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, calle

13、d amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for mo

14、re than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to

15、young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.,_ _,_ _ _ _ _ _ _,Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not lookin

16、g after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of yea

17、rs to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.,_ _ _ _ _,Summary,After the “big bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of _, it _ loudly with fire and rock, which were _ to produce the _, water vapour and other gases. Then _ began to appear on the earth.,dust,exploded,in time,carbon,

18、water,_ in water are considered to be the earliest lives on the earth. The O2they supplied encouraged the lives of _. Slowly green plants grew on land, which were followed by _like insects and _. When the plants grew into _, _ appeared. Then _ developed but disappeared later, which made the rise of

19、a totally different animal, _, possible, and finally _ spread all over the world.,shell- fish and fish,amphibians,forests,reptiles,dinosaurs,mammal,humans,The small plants,land animals,人教版 高中英語(yǔ) 選修三 Unit 4,Language study,Unit 4 Reading,Page 27,課文中的語(yǔ)篇標(biāo)識(shí)詞,HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH,No one knows exactl

20、y how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a Big Bang that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.,For several billion years after the Big Bang, the e

21、arth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in ti

22、me to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.,_ _,_ _,Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but unlike the earth, it had disappea

23、red later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made it po

24、ssible for life to develop. Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants bega

25、n to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, som

26、e huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the e

27、arth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.,_ _,_ _ _ _ _ _ _,Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus the

28、y have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the eart

29、h may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.,_ _ _ _ _,Language study,(注意文中的 名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)從句),HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH,No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.

30、 However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a Big Bang that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.,For several billion years after the Big Bang, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was t

31、o become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and o

32、ther gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.,Question: What does no one know exactly?,_,_,Question: Why does no one know exactly how the earth began?,HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH,No one knows

33、exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a Big Bang that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.,For several billion years after the Big Bang,

34、 the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were

35、 in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.,_,_,_,HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH,No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened

36、 so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a Big Bang that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.,For several billion years after the Big Bang, the earth was still just a cloud of dust.

37、What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water

38、 vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.,matter the material that everything in the universe is made of, including solids, liquids, and gases e. g. Dietary fibre makes waste

39、matter from the food we eat pass through our bodies quickly. a subject or situation that you have to think about or deal with 得考慮或處理的事 e. g. There are more important matters we need to discuss. It was a personal matter , and she had no intention of talking to any journalist about it. It will be a si

40、mple matter to find her. This is a matter for the German people to decide. The whole situation may seem funny now, but it was no laughing matter at the time.,U,C,_,物質(zhì),HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH,No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely acce

41、pted theory, the universe began with a Big Bang that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.,For several billion years after the Big Bang, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between

42、 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the e

43、arths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.,朝四面八方,in direction 朝方向 e. g. Which direction did they go in? The suspects were last seen heading in the direction of Miami. Tony glanced in her direction and their eyes met. The girl

44、s pointed in the opposite direction. As shots rang out, the crowd ran screaming in all directions. Did you see which direction they went? Frightened by the sound of footsteps, the rabbits ran off in all directions. I was hoping he wouldnt look in our direction and notice us sitting there. The moons

45、all move around the planet in the same direction.,HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH,No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a Big Bang that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form

46、and combine to create stars and other bodies.,For several billion years after the Big Bang, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not

47、clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.

48、,What it was to become used when talking about a time in the past to say what happened later “注定將會(huì)變成什么”(主語(yǔ)從句) e. g. This discovery was to have a major effect on the treatment of heart disease.,_,Question: What was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago?,_ _,Question: When did the dust

49、 settle into a solid globe?,The dust settled into a solid globe between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago.,HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH,No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a Big Bang that threw matte

50、r in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.,For several billion years after the Big Bang, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a soli

51、d globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the ear

52、th cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.,the dust settled into a solid globe 塵埃落定后慢慢形成固體球狀物 settle if dust, snow etc settles, it comes down and stays in one place e. g. Snow settled on the roofs.,settle vt. 殖民于 7. 支付,結(jié)算e. g. I have several bills to settle. 我有好幾筆賬要付。,vi. 1. 坐下; 安頓下來(lái) 2. 停

53、息; 下沉; 沉淀 (+on/over/upon)e. g. The powder settled to the bottom of the cup. 粉末都沉淀到杯底了。 3. 穩(wěn)定下來(lái); 平靜下來(lái); 鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)；安下心來(lái)(+down/to)e. g. She cannot settle to work. 她安不下心來(lái)工作。 4. 和解; 結(jié)束爭(zhēng)端(+with) 5. 安家, 定居; 殖民 e. g. The family has settled in Canada. 這家人已定居加拿大。 6. 決定, 確定(+on) 7. 還清欠款; 結(jié)賬e. g. I settled for him. 我

54、替他付了賬。,停息; 下沉; 沉淀,HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH,No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a Big Bang that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and

55、other bodies.,For several billion years after the Big Bang, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would la

56、st or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.,Questions: What was not clear?

57、Why was it not clear?,地球開(kāi)始變得如此動(dòng)蕩以致于不清楚這個(gè)固體形狀會(huì)否繼續(xù)存在下去。,last 1 vi. + adverb /preposition 持續(xù)多久 last for/until / through etc. e. g. The hot weather lasted for the whole month of June. last + 時(shí)段 e. g. Each lesson lasts an hour. The ceasefire didnt last long. 2 vi. 引發(fā) turn off 關(guān)閉 pay off 付清, 還清; 有好結(jié)果,A VISIT TO THE MOON Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship! Before we left, Li Yanping exp