高考英語新題型“概要寫作”

1、普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語科考試說明,概要寫作： 提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生基于該短文 寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。（滿分25分）,詞數(shù)少于40的和多余80的， 從總分中減去2分,評分原則,1、本題總分為25分，按5個檔次給分。 2、評分時，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要求來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。 3、詞數(shù)少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。,評分時，應主要從以下四個方面考慮： (1)對原文要點的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況； (2)應用語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準確性； (3)上下文的連貫性； (4)對各要點表達的獨立性情況；,Narration （

2、記敘文）,Exposition （說明文）,Forms of Literature,Argumentation (議論文）,1. 確定文體 the types of the passage,Argumentation (議論文）,Topic,Supporting ideas,Conclusion,概要寫作（滿分25分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。,(Para 1 )Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However,there is nothing fixed abou

3、t attitudes to dirt.,(Para 2 )In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular dangerwas thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the F

4、rench king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. Sodid the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtin a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken abath, the king ordered that, t

5、o avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. (Para 3)Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighborever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand was

6、hing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness havemoved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? (

7、Para 4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, anAmerican immunologist (免疫學家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build

8、 up a strong immunesystem. And the latter position is gaining some ground.,There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt,Step 1: Read,topic sentence:, structure, supporting ideas,Find out the topic sentence of each paragraph,think, believe, consider, regard, argue, support, be convinced that, in on

9、es opinion, from ones point of view,You may need to pay attention to some words like:,Para 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A par

10、ticular dangerwas thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. Sodid the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtin a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon le

11、arning that a nobleman had taken abath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.,Examples of some European countries,(Para 3) Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighborever since the 18th ce

12、ntury. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness havemoved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whit

13、er than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?,(Para 4) Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the co

14、ntrary, Mary Ruebush, anAmerican immunologist (免疫學家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem. And the latter position is gaining some ground.,Step 2: Make an outline,In the 16th century,since18th century,People thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out

15、 disease,has no longer been regarded as cleaning away dirt is good to health,encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem,Step 3: Rewrite the sentences in other ways, There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.,different, mixed, various,反義轉(zhuǎn)換,opinions, views, ideas,同義

16、詞替換, Peoples attitudes to dirt vary in different times.,towards,句型轉(zhuǎn)換, People hold different opinions towards dirt over time., The attitudes to dirt is not always the same., In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.,Have a try!, In the early 16t

17、h century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease.,think: believe, hold, consider, insist, argue, are convinced.,同義詞替換,block out disease: prevent/protect/keep away from illness;,One possible version: In the 16th century, people believed that dirt protected people from

18、getting ill.,. dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.,wash off, get rid of,benefits, is beneficial to, does good to, contributes to,One possible version: People began to change their attitudes to

19、 dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy., Nowadays, encourages people to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system., One possible version: Nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.,Pe

20、ople are encouraged to,語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換,be exposed to.,believe, support, agree, approve., People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin., In the 16th century, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill., People began to change their attitudes to

21、 dirt more than 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy., Nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.,However,Nevertheless/But/however, people,Add two linking words to make the passage coherent,Step 4: Make th

22、e summary coherent, nowadays,Step 5: Revise,( 67 words),People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. In the 16th century, people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. They

23、have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. But nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.,4 “C” : complete, correct, concise, coherent,How to write a summary(argumentation),1.Read,2.Make an outline,3.Rewrite,4. Make it coherent,5.

24、 Revise,6. neatly copy,-Topic , structure, key supporting sentences,Homework,Finish the summary writing of the following Passage,閱讀短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。 Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and get up ear

25、ly, we would be energetic(充滿活力的) the whole day. So, getting up early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions(條件). Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some thin

26、gs more quickly and accurately in the morning than any other time of the day.,If we do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, we can build our bodies and become much healthier. Also we will have enough time to make a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we

27、get up early. However, if we get up late, we will probably have to do everything in a great hurry. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit(受益) a lot from it.,Getting up early in the morning is a good habit and very important, because in the morning we can have a better memory, healthier bodies and better preparation for the day. In addition, morning exercise can help us keep healthy. So, it is beneficial to us.,參考范文,It is important to get up early for people. In the m