新概念2冊78課以后的教案

1、新概念英語第二冊第78課課文以及課堂筆記（一）(2006-11-14 00:12:46) 分類：新概念英語Lesson 78 The last one?After reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not

2、 smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets fr

3、om my pocket.After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that th

4、ings had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times!第78課 最后一根嗎？讀完一篇題為吸煙與健康的文章之后，我點上了一枝香煙，來鎮(zhèn)定一下自己緊張的神經(jīng)。我聚精會神而又愉快地吸著這枝煙。因為我確信這是我最后一枝煙了。整整一個星期我根本沒有吸煙。在此期間，我妻子吃盡了苦頭。我具備了戒煙者通常表現(xiàn)出來的所有癥狀：脾氣暴躁和食欲旺盛

5、。我的朋友們不斷地向我遞香煙和雪茄。每當(dāng)我從口袋里掏出一包糖果時，他們都毫不掩飾地表現(xiàn)出他們對此感到非常好笑。這樣過了7天以后，我去參加一次聚會。我周圍的每個人都在吸煙，我感到非常不自在。當(dāng)我的老朋友布賴恩極力勸我接受一枝香煙時，我再也忍不住了。我內(nèi)疚地接過一枝點上，心滿意足地抽起來。一切又都恢復(fù)了正常，為此我妻子十分高興。不管怎么說，正如布賴恩指出的那樣，戒煙是世界上最容易的事情，他自己就已戒了很多次了！課堂筆記：1) entitlean article entitledCigarette Smoking and Your Health,一篇題為吸煙與健康的文章。在英語中，文章名與書名中的每

6、個單詞的第一個字母均大寫，不在開頭位置的連詞、冠詞、小品詞除外。entitle 的含義為“給.題名定名”，在這里是過去分詞（短語）作定語。entitle 常用于被動語態(tài)：The writer hasnt entitled his new book yet.那位作家還沒給他的新書寫取名。She read a poem entitled The Apple Tree她讀了一首題為蘋果樹的詩entitle sb to sth給予某人獲得某事物或做某事的權(quán)利You are entitled to collect the rental fee from the customers.你有權(quán)利去收取客戶的房

7、租。This ticket doesnt entitle you to sit in first class.你這張票不能坐頭等位。entitlement授權(quán)，有資格We have no record of your entitlement to free travel.我們沒有讓你免費旅行的記錄。2）lit 原形light lit lit （lighted，ligthed）lighted candel燃著的蠟燭light a candlelight a cigarettelight up (with sth) 指人的臉等放光彩，容光煥發(fā)Her eyes lit up with joy.她因喜

8、悅而目光炯炯3）calm adj.鎮(zhèn)定的，安靜的，無憂慮的It is important to keep calm in an emergency.在緊急情況下保持鎮(zhèn)靜是很重要的。the calm before the storm暴風(fēng)雨前的寧靜v. calm (sb) down使某人平靜，鎮(zhèn)靜Just calm down a bit.你先靜一靜！calmly 若無其事地He walked into the shop and calmly stole a pair of gloves.他走進(jìn)商店若無其事地偷了一副手套4）nerves用復(fù)數(shù)表示神經(jīng)緊張，神經(jīng)過敏，神經(jīng)質(zhì)She doesnt kno

9、w what nerves are.她根本就不知道什么是神經(jīng)緊張。膽量，勇氣It takes nerve to be a racing driver.當(dāng)賽車手要有膽量I wouldnt have the nerve to try anything so dangerous.我可沒膽量做那么危險的事情。What a nerve！臉皮真厚（what a shame）get on sbs nerves刺激或煩擾某人Stop singing!You are getting on my nerves.別唱了！弄得我心煩hit/touch a (raw) nerve提及某人痛苦氣憤等的事情，點到痛處You

10、 hit a raw nerve when you mentioned his first wife 你曾提到他的前妻刺到了他的痛處。5）concentrate on sth 集中注意力做某事6）suffer During this time, my wife suffered terribly.在此期間，我妻子吃盡了苦頭。（1）vi. 受痛苦，受苦難；患?。簊uffer from/with/forDo you often suffer from headaches?你常頭痛嗎？She is suffering from loss of memory。她患有遺忘癥He made a rash

11、decision. Now he is suffering for it.他做的決定太草率了，現(xiàn)在可吃到苦頭（2）vt.經(jīng)歷或遭受（痛苦、損害等）：Many people are suffering cold and hunger in that district.那個地區(qū)許多人正受凍挨餓。（3）變壞，變差，變糟Your studies will suffer if you play too much football.你要是總踢足球，功課就會變糟了。suffering痛苦（肉體的或心理的）There is so much suffering in this world.這個世界上有很多的痛苦

12、。7）I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. 我具備了戒煙者通常表現(xiàn)出來的所有癥狀：脾氣暴躁和食欲旺盛。a bad temper and an enormous appetite 為symptoms 的同位語。giving up smoking 可以看做是someone 的定語，即someone who gives up smoking.symptom癥狀，（壞事的）征兆You have a symptom of catching a co

13、ld你有患感冒的癥狀enormous巨大的，極大的an enormous amount of money巨款appetite食欲，胃口When I was ill I completely lost my appetite.我生病時完全沒有食欲He has no appetite for the fight.他毫無斗志。8）My friends Kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. 我的朋友們不斷地向我遞香煙和雪茄。keep on doing sth.表示“繼續(xù)做某事”、“反復(fù)做某事”：The child was crying loudly, b

14、ut he kept on watching TV.孩子在大聲哭，但他卻一直看電視。He kept on phoning me他不斷地給她打電話。9）They made no effort to hide他們毫不掩飾地。 make effort to do sth 盡力做某事make no effort 表示“根本不作努力”。我們還可以說：He made no effort to take the exam.他考試根本不努力。make every effort盡一切努力I will make every effort to arrive on time.我將盡一切努力準(zhǔn)時到達(dá)。She wrot

15、e the letter with/without effort.她費力地毫不費力地寫了那封信。Georeg made every effort to get/at getting the job.喬治竭盡全力想得到那份工作。10）produce sth (from/out of sth)掏出，拿出或出示某事物Please produce your ticket for inspection.出示火車票以供檢查The man produced a knife from his pocket.那男人從他口袋里掏出一把刀第78課課堂筆記（二）11)urge urge sb to do sth 催促

16、某人干某事。力勸某人做某事They urged us to go at once他們催促我們馬上去。極力主張，強(qiáng)烈要求，力勸My friends urged that I should apply for the job朋友們力勸我申請那份工作。He urged that they go to New York他極力主張他們?nèi)ゼ~約。urge sb. on鼓勵或激勵某人，鞭策We urged the school team on with loud cheers.我們大聲助威，激勵校隊拼搏強(qiáng)調(diào) urge on/upon sb 對某人/某事強(qiáng)調(diào)We urged on you the importa

17、nce of the time factor. 我們曾向你方強(qiáng)調(diào)過時間因素的主要性。n.強(qiáng)烈的欲望，沖動The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.假期快到了，我很急迫地去旅行。沖動，強(qiáng)烈的欲望”。 I had a sudden urge to tell the boss what I thought of him.我突然想告訴老板我對他的看法。12） it was more than I could bear. .我再也忍不住了。more than 后面跟一個從句或一個形容詞時可以表示“超出” （多用于口語）：He was more

18、 than pleased with his new room.他對自己的新房間極其滿意。This was more than I had expected.這超出了我的預(yù)料。13）guiltily內(nèi)疚地guilty adj.guilty of sth.有罪的He was found guilty of murder他被判犯謀殺罪。有過失的(+of)The manager was guilty of an important misjudgment.經(jīng)理犯了一個重大的判斷錯誤。自知有過錯的,內(nèi)疚的(+about)I felt guilty after breaking my promise.我

19、違背諾言后感到內(nèi)疚。You look guilty. 你看上去心虛。guilt n 有罪，罪狀The police established his guilt.警方認(rèn)定他有罪。guiltless of sth 無罪的，無辜的14）delight1. 欣喜,愉快UTo our delight, our football team won.令我們高興的是,我們的足球隊贏了。She ran back home with delight.她興高采烈地跑回家。2。vt.1. 使高興，愉快Im delighted that you are back.你回來了,我很高興。We were delighted

20、to read your novel.我們很高興拜讀你的小說。Her singing delighted everyone.她的歌聲使大家很愉快。vi. delight in sth/doing sth1. 喜愛，取樂(+in)She delights in her work.她喜愛她的工作。14）Anyway,as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking.不管怎么說，正如布賴恩指出的那樣，戒煙是世界上最容易的事情。it 為先行主語，代替后面的不定式短語 to give up smok

21、ing。 point out 為固定短語，表示“指出”、“指明”：He pointed out the mistake to me.他向我指出錯誤。He pointed out that we still had to get a few other things.他指出我們還需要得再買一些其他東西。2與keep 有關(guān)的短語動詞keep 與不同的小品詞搭配可以有不同的含義。（1）keep on 與動名詞連用時表示“反復(fù)”、“持續(xù)”：Keep on trying.繼續(xù)努力。He kept on saying that he was tired.他不斷地說他累了。（2）keep off 表示“不靠

22、近”、“從.離開”：Keep off the flower bed.請勿進(jìn)入花壇。Keep your hands off the food.別動吃的東西。（3）keep away from 表示“（使.）不靠近”、“避開”：Why do you always keep away from me?你為什么總躲著我？Keep the children away from the river.別讓孩子們?nèi)ズ舆?。?）keep it up 表示“不松勁”、“保持成績”或“繼續(xù)下去”，而keep up with 則表示“跟上”、“不落在.后面”：Youve made much progress. Kee

23、p it up!你已取得了很大進(jìn)步。繼續(xù)努力！If you keep it up, youll be able to set up a new world record.你如果保持下去不松勁，你就能創(chuàng)一項新的世界紀(jì)錄。Although he walked as fast as he could, he still couldnt keep up with hisfather.雖然他盡快走，但他仍跟不上他父親。In order to keep up with his classmates, he worked harder than ever.為了跟上同學(xué)，他比以往任何時候都更努力。（5）kee

24、p out 可以表示“（使）留在外面”、“（使）不進(jìn)入”：He shut all the doors and windows to keep out the wind.為了擋風(fēng)，他關(guān)上了所有的門窗。16,000-volt power line. Keep out!16,000 伏高壓線，不可靠近?。?）keep in 的含義之一為“（把.）留在里面關(guān)在屋里”、“不出 外”：Its very cold today. Wed better keep in.今天很冷。我們最好別出去。When the dog was kept in, it barked loudly.那條狗被關(guān)在屋里時狂吠不止。(7

25、) keep up with sb保持與某人聯(lián)系How many of your old classmates do you keep up with?(8)keep sth back from sb向.隱瞞某事I am sure she is keeping something back from us我肯定她向我們隱瞞著什么(9)keep in with sbHave you noticed how he tries to keep in with the boss?你注意到他多巴結(jié)老板了嗎？Lesson 79 By Air?I used to travel by air a great

26、deal when I was a boy. My parents used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. A flight attendant would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to traveling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. After taking o

27、ff, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport.While we were waiting to land, a flight attendant told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was worried and

28、 we were curious to find out what had happened. Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were abl

29、e to take off again.第79課 乘坐飛機(jī)？我在幼年的時候，曾多次乘飛機(jī)旅行。我的父母曾經(jīng)住在南美洲，所以假期里我常從歐洲乘飛機(jī)到他們那里。我總是由一位空中乘務(wù)員照管，從未遇到過不愉快的經(jīng)歷。我習(xí)慣了乘飛機(jī)旅行，只是有一次把我嚇壞了。起飛之后，我們在城市上空低低地飛行，然后慢慢爬高。這時飛機(jī)突然調(diào)轉(zhuǎn)頭來，飛回了機(jī)場。在我們等待降落時，一位空中乘務(wù)員告訴我們要保持鎮(zhèn)靜，待飛機(jī)一著陸，就馬上不聲不響地離開飛機(jī)。飛機(jī)上的人都很著急，大家都急于想知道究竟出了什么事。后來我們才得知，飛機(jī)上坐了一位非常重要的人物。有人報告警察，說飛機(jī)上安放了一枚炸彈。我們降落之后，飛機(jī)被徹底搜查了一遍。幸

30、運的是，什么也沒有找到。5個小時后，我們又起飛了。課堂筆記（一）1）used to do我們用used to do 表示過去有過但現(xiàn)在已不存在的習(xí)慣，以便將過去與現(xiàn)在形成對照。它后面經(jīng)常用由but now.，but not.any more/any longer 等構(gòu)成的、用了一般現(xiàn)在時的句子以強(qiáng)調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的不同之處。Do you watch television?I used to, but I don t any longer.你看電視嗎？我過去常看，但現(xiàn)在不看了。I used to smoke, but I dont any more/any longer.我過去常吸煙，但現(xiàn)在已不吸了

31、。He used to be a lazy boy, but now he is very hard-working.他過去是個懶孩子，但現(xiàn)在他很勤奮。used to 僅用于一般過去時。它的疑問句和否定句形式可以不用助動詞do 而用used 本身：Used he to smoke?He usedn t / used not to smoke.did didn t他過去吸煙嗎？他從前并不吸煙。但比較常用的形式是did和didnt：Did he use to smoke?He didn t use to smoke.他過去吸煙嗎？他從前不吸煙。在針對used to提問時，一般也用didI used

32、 to be a good swimmer.Did you really? I didn t even know you could swim.Did you use to smoke?Yes, I did / used to.我過去是個游泳好手。真的嗎？我以前甚至不知道你會游泳。你從前吸煙嗎？是的，我吸。would 是另一個用于描述過去經(jīng)常性行為的詞，它與used to有時可以互換，有時則不可以，而且would 需要指出具體時間，used to 則不需要。（1）當(dāng)used to 暗示與現(xiàn)在的對照時，不可用would 替換：I used to drink heavily, but I have

33、 given up drinking now.我過去喝酒很厲害，但我已戒了。I never used to eat a large breakfast, but I do now.我過去早飯吃得不多，可現(xiàn)在我吃得很多。（2）當(dāng)used to 描寫過去的狀態(tài)時，也不可與would 互換，would 只表示過去特有的習(xí)慣或行為：I used to be a waiter, but now Im a taxi-driver.我過去是個侍者，但現(xiàn)在我是出租汽車司機(jī)。They used to own a car.他們過去有輛車。（3）當(dāng)used to 不強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的對比時，可與would 互換。但一個故

34、事開頭時不用would，必須首先用一般過去時或used to 描述背景，然后用would 表示習(xí)慣性動作：When I was a boy we always spent/ used to spend our holidays on a farm.We would get up at 5 and we would help milk the cows.我小時候經(jīng)常在農(nóng)場度假。我們總是5 點起床，幫助擠牛奶。What sort of things did she like doing as a girl?She used to would climb trees whenever she cou

35、ld.她小時候喜歡做些什么事？她一有機(jī)會就爬樹be used to 表示“習(xí)慣于”，后面跟名詞或動名詞，be 也可用 get等代替：Im used to shopping alone.我習(xí)慣于一個人購物。Im used to getting up early.我習(xí)慣于早起。I soon got used to getting up early when I started working as a baker.我開始當(dāng)面包師不久就習(xí)慣早起了。2）表示“許多”的英語短語：(1)修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的有 many, a good/great many, quite a few, a large (

36、或great)/small number of等，其后的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有much, a great deal of, quite a little, an amount of等。其后的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。(3)既能修飾可數(shù)名詞，又能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的有 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great quantity of等，謂語動詞根據(jù)主語是可數(shù)或不可數(shù)決定單復(fù)數(shù)形式。a number of +可數(shù)名詞，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)，意為許多，大量的the number of +可數(shù)名詞，謂語用單數(shù)，意為的數(shù)目3） experience（1）n經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)）

37、：I had an amusing experience last year.去年我有過一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。He told me about his experiences as a young man.他向我講述了他年輕時的經(jīng)歷。（2）n經(jīng)驗，體驗（不可數(shù)）：They want someone with a lot of experience for this job.他們想要一位有豐富經(jīng)驗的人來承擔(dān)這項工作。Does she have any experience in teaching?她有教學(xué)經(jīng)驗嗎？（3）vt經(jīng)驗，體驗：Have you ever experienced anything

38、 like this?你經(jīng)歷過像這樣的事情嗎？The village has experienced great changes since 1980.自1980 年以來這個村子經(jīng)歷了極大的變化。experience 的過去分詞常作形容詞用，表示“有經(jīng)驗的”、“經(jīng)驗豐富的”：John is an experienced driver.約翰是個經(jīng)驗豐富的司機(jī)。4) 1 A flight attendent would take charge of me.我總是由一位空中乘務(wù)員照管.would 表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事，它與 used to 的區(qū)別參見第55 課語法。 take charge(of)為

39、固定短語，表示“接管”、“開始管理”等：She took charge of the child after his parents died.孩子的父母去世后，她接管了那孩子。The new manager will take charge (of the company) from next week.新經(jīng)理從下星期開始管理公司。5）.only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.只是有一次把我嚇壞了。這是一個倒裝句。倒裝句的結(jié)構(gòu)為“副詞+助動詞(be, do, have, can,must 等)+主語+句子的其余部分”。它通常用來加強(qiáng)語

40、氣，是典型的正式修辭和正式文體。用倒裝句的情況包括：（1）句首為否定或近似否定的副詞(never, rarely, little, on no occasion,hardly, no sooner飔han 等)：Never has he got so many letters.他從未收到過這么多信。Little does he realize how important this meeting is.他對這個會議的重要性知之甚少。On no occasion must you accept any money if he offers it.他如果給你錢，你可絕不能接受。Hardly had

41、 he begun his speech when he was interrupted.他剛開始講話就被人打斷了。No sooner had he returned than he bought a house and went to live there.他剛一回來便買下了一幢房子住了進(jìn)去。（2）句首為only 構(gòu)成的詞組（如 only after, only then 等）：Only then did I realize what a mistake I have made.只是到了那時我才意識到我犯了個什么錯誤。Only after she had taken off her coat

42、 and hat could I recognize her.只有在她脫掉大衣和摘下帽子以后我才認(rèn)出了她。6） gain height,（飛機(jī)）增加高度，爬高。gain 在這里為及物動詞，表示“增加”：The car gained speed when it was outside the town. 汽車駛出城區(qū)后便加快了速度。He has gained so much weight that he decides to go on a diet.他體重增加得太多了，便決定節(jié)食。gain sth.獲得gain possession獲得所有權(quán)gain sbs affections贏得某人的喜愛

43、gain by/from doing sth/sth從某事中獲益You can gain by watching how she works.看她怎么樣工作你就可獲益。第79課課堂筆記（二）7)land（飛機(jī)）著陸The pilot managed to land the damaged plane safely.飛行員設(shè)法讓受到破壞的飛機(jī)安全著陸We shall be landing shortly.Please fasten your seat-belts.我們馬上就要著陸，請大家系好安全帶。8）touch down（飛機(jī)）著陸，降落After eight hours, the plane

44、 touched down at New York airport.8 小時之后，飛機(jī)在紐約機(jī)場著陸。Dont stand up before the plane has touched down.飛機(jī)著陸前不要站起來。9）Everybody on board was worried 飛機(jī)上的人都很著急.固定短語on board 表示“搭乘（船、飛機(jī)、火車、汽車等）”、“在（船、飛機(jī)、火車、汽車等）上”：Tom has never been on board a plane before.湯姆以前從沒有乘過飛機(jī)。Have the passengers gone on board yet?旅客已

45、經(jīng)上船了嗎？Please board the plane immediately.請立刻上飛機(jī)。be above board（商業(yè)交易）光明正大的The deal was completely above board.這筆交易是完全光明正大的an above-board deal光明正大的交易board at./with sb 寄膳go by the board計劃等告吹，放棄Im afraid the new car will have to go by the board.We cant afford it.我看買新車的事情要告吹了，我們買不起。He boarded at my hours

46、e/with me until he found an apartment.他找到住房之前，在我家寄膳。10）curious富于好奇心的，有興趣的be curious about sth/to do sthI am curious to know what she said我真好奇的想知道她說了什么。愛管閑事的Shes always so curious about my work.她總愛打聽我的工作奇特的，不尋常的Its curious that he didnt tell you.他沒有告訴你實在反常。curiosity好奇心kjuEri5Csiti11）Learn (of/about)s

47、th獲悉，得知I never learned his name我從未聽說過他的名字Learn that its no use blaming others。認(rèn)識到責(zé)備別人是沒有用learn ones lesson吸取教訓(xùn)Ill never do that again.Ive learnt my lesson.我再也不做那種事了，我已有了教訓(xùn)12）plant（1）種植；在.內(nèi)種植：Trees were planted along the river.河邊栽了樹。They are planting flowers around the pool.他們正在水池周圍種花。plant sth with sth在.中栽種（花草樹木）Joe plants his garden with many flowers and vegetables.喬在他的花園里種植了許多花卉和蔬菜。（2）放置，安置；布置：A bomb was planted on the plane.飛機(jī)上安放了一枚炸彈。On that day many policemen were planted along the main street.那天（城里的）主要街道