上海2015年高考英語一模沖刺講義(11選10)

1、.精銳教育學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義學(xué)員編號：年級：高三課 時 數(shù)： 3學(xué)員姓名：輔導(dǎo)科目：英語學(xué)科教師：授課類型C 十一選十考情介紹與C 十一選十做題技巧T 十一選十能力提升題型特點授課日期及時段教學(xué)內(nèi)容一. 專題知識梳理2014年一模高頻詞匯? 選項高頻詞匯：名詞： cultivation; aircraft; consequence; competitor; investment; loyalty; prediction; applicant; specialty; concept; angle; position; philosophy; candidate; background; alter

2、ation動詞： plunge; reveal; count; extend; realize; allow; maximize; distinguish; contribute; expose; refer; obtain; divide; conceal; multiply; calculate形容詞： constant; precious; uncomfortable; enthusiastic; relevant; unconditional; initial; basic; cultural; extraordinary; private; complicated; suitable

3、; instant; dependent; flexible; proper; responsible; extinct; embarrassing; accurate副詞： repeatedly; carefully; properly; doubly; enormously; merely; regularly; normally; virtually; annually; equally; efficiently; physically? 一詞多性：farm; benefit; mirror; back; average; favor; access; challenge; change

4、; respect; figure; monitor; still; balance; approach? 一詞多義：common; conduct; promote; still; monitor; approach; figure; multiply二. 專題精講（選自 2014 年一模）一詞多性：普陀一模：.例： They _49 farmed_ with bare hands, often lived close to hunger, and had to fashion tools from wood andstone.解析： farm 有名 （ ）和 （干 活兒）兩種 性，此 fa

5、rm 的形式和后面的lived, had 是平行 構(gòu)， 用 去 farmed 。青浦一模：例： While both hens and ducks43 benefitthe garden by eating pests.解析： benefit 一 多性，此 作 ，全句 ：母 和 子可以通 吃害蟲 花園 來益 。松江一模：例： a way that 48 mirrors their company standards解析：此 ：反映(mirror) 公司水平的方式。徐 一模：例： employees will get its money _46 back_解析： get sth. back譯為

6、“拿回 ”， back 同 可以做 ，有 ：back you up ，表示支持。 浦一模：例： Originally, it 42 favored_ candidates with a military flight background.解析： favor 在 里作 ，表示“支持 ”。 行一模：例 1： In March the 42 release of a large-scale, 24-year survey gave one of the clearest pictures yet of the decline of Australian and Asian shorebirds解析

7、： release 既可以做名 可以做 ，此 做名 ，表示“ 布 ”。例 2： .including the long-distance migrants (候 ) that are most difficult to43 monitor.解析： monitor 做名 表示“班 ”，做 表示“ 管”，此 做 用。浦 一模：例 1： This allows the hospital to work more effectively than if we only 48 approach problems one way.解析： approach 做名 表示“方法；途徑；接近”，做 表示“接近；著

8、手 理”，此 做 用，表示“著手 理”例 2： Having more male nurses will help create a positive_49 balance_ between male and female staff,解析： balance 既是名 也是 ，都表示“平衡”，此 做名 用。一 多 ：青浦一模：例： Ducks are immune to some41 commondiseases found in hens.解析： common disease翻 成“常 疾病”，common 同 可以 成“共同的”例如：common goal 。松江一模：例： He42 con

9、ductedgood research on the companys core business.解析： conduct 行； ；指 ，conduct 在 里 “ 行、做”。.長寧一模：例： Errors and uncertainties 42 multiply_, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features,解析： multiply大家熟悉的意思是乘法，本句考查增加，增多的意思。浦東一模：例： Male nurses can be a great help in keeping patients 46 stillwhile

10、 they receive painful treatment解析： still 有“ .靜止的、不動的。仍然”的意思，此處表示“不動的”。固定搭配：松江一模：例： Here are some tips to44 maximizeyour chances of getting a job.解析：固定搭配：maximize the chances of ，譯為最大化做某事的可能性。徐匯一模：例： classes that are _41 relevant _ to their position解析：與他們職位相關(guān)的等級，詞組是be relevant to 。楊浦一模：例： but also fi

11、nd unique ways to_41 distinguish_ themselves from the harsh competition.解析：這里需要一個動詞原形，填distinguish和 from 搭配，表示“區(qū)別”。閘北一模：例： .so that the students may 46 refer_ to these points for reflection or further research.解析：這里需要一個動詞原形，和to 搭配，表示“參考”。三專題過關(guān)檢測題：（選自 2014 年崇明一模）Directions:Complete the following pass

12、age by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A. spreadB. formalC. chanceD. foundE. objectiveF. experienceG. divisionsH. economicalI. respectJ. replacedK. classroomThe idea of the youth hostel(旅社 ) started with one man: Richard Schi

13、rrmann (1874-1961), a Germanschool teacher, who felt that there was a need for overnight accommodation for his students in order that theycould see new things and have new experiences outside the _41_.He felt that one learns by observing, and tried to make his dream come true in the year 1909, when

14、he started providing accommodation for his students in inns, farmhouses and the like.The first youth hostel was opened in Schirrmann s own school in Altena, after which42 it wasby apermanent hostel in Altena Castle. Schirrmann went on to _43_ the German Youth Hostel Association in the year 1919. By

15、this time, the idea of the youth hostel had _44_ far and wide, all over the lands of Europe and further.And then, in the year 1932, a(n) _45_ organization called the International Youth Hostel was founded in.Amsterdam, which consisted of youth hostels from Switzerland, Germany, Poland, the Netherlan

16、ds, Norway, Britain, Ireland, France, Czechoslovakia, Denmark and Belgium. Richard Schirrmann became its chairman in 1933.The idea of the youth hostel is for young people who are on nature trips to get _46_accommodation in exchange for some money and a helping hand with the domestic chores(家務(wù)活 ). Th

17、ese hostels were said to build character and a sense of independence, as the youth who stayed in them got the _47_ to see how other people lived as well as to help to do work.Youth hostels are also places to meet and make new friends. They have no class _48_ and everyone has to do their share. Here,

18、 wealth and position does not help you gain _49_, but friendliness does. The friendlier you are, the more you learn from the _50_of staying in a youth hostel.Keys:41. K42. J43. D44. A45. B46. H47. C48. G49. I50.F解析：41：由句意可知，在.的外面，因此classroom 比較合適 .42:be +ed by被動形式，所以填replaced.43:go on to do sth,因此此處

19、應(yīng)填動詞原形。由句意可知應(yīng)當(dāng)填found,繼續(xù)成立hotel 。44：此處應(yīng)填動詞的過去分詞，要注意spread 的過去分詞就是原形，這一點較易錯。45：冠詞和名詞中間可知應(yīng)填形容詞，修飾組織，可知應(yīng)該用formal46: 首先判斷空格詞性， accommodation 前可填形容詞，根據(jù)句意，青旅的主意是為自然旅行中的年輕人可以得到經(jīng)濟實惠的住宿，因此選economical 符合題意。47： get the _ to do sth, 可知應(yīng)該填一個名詞，在方框中所剩的名詞中篩選，chance 符合句意。48：此處空格前的class 應(yīng)該理解為階級，因此division 比較合適，句意為“他們

20、沒有階級區(qū)分，每個人都要彼此分享。49： gain后面應(yīng)跟名詞，難點在于respect 即可做動詞也可做名詞，此處考生較易忽略respect 的名詞意。50：通過詞性判斷，可知此處應(yīng)為名詞，另根據(jù)句意，可知應(yīng)是從經(jīng)驗中學(xué)習(xí)，因此是experience 。一專題知識梳理（選自 2014年一模）現(xiàn)在分詞的考查：普陀一模：例： Motor-cars cover a hundred miles in little more than an hour, while computers operate at _42 lightning_speed.解析：本句考查現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的用法，lighting sp

21、eed形容光速或極快的速度。寶山一模：例 1： Chances are you ll see plentyf themo with their heads down, tapping the screens of their tablets or41texting on their smartphones.解析：本句中的texting與 tapping 都是現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語的用法。.例 2： When using a tablet, use a case that can back up the device at comfortable 49 viewing angle.解析：本句的vie

22、wing 與 comfortable 共同作前置定語修飾angle。奉賢一模：例： And why even the smartest people get taken in by fake but50 touching stories.解析：本句中的touching 為現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語的用法。青浦一模：例： When 47 raising ducks, one has to consider just how many the land will support.解析：本題考查的是現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語的用法。過去分詞的考查：虹口一模：例： Though their friendship ha

23、d not been a particularly long-lasting one, Mussorgsky was shocked by Hartmann s 45 unexpected death.解析：本題考查過去分詞作前置定語的用法?！眜nexpected death ”表示令人意想不到的死訊”。金山一模：例： If there is someone or something you dislike, you are still 45 limited , and your ability to give advice isreduced.解析：本句中的limited為過去分詞作表語的用

24、法。閘北一模：例： Most 43 complicated ideas and long sentences are avoided while symbols or abbreviations （縮寫） are preferred instead.解析：本題考查的是過去分詞作前置定語。寶山一模：例： While these folks may be making good use of their time by staying 42 connected , their bodies are paying a heavy price for such convenience.解析：本句中中的

25、stay 為系動詞，后面的connected 為過去分詞作表語。較難詞匯的考查：虹口一模：例： Many artists, however, would prove that there has always been a warm relationship between the 41 distinct areas of human activity.解析：本題的distinct 為形容詞，意思是“明顯的，獨特的，有區(qū)別的”。黃浦一模：例： Journaling makes you accountable and more aware of what youre eating, so it

26、makes sense that itll keeyou from _48_mindlessly chewing if you aren t actually hungry.解析： mindlessly 為副詞，意思是“粗心大意地，不注意地”，在句中作狀語修飾chewing 。.二專題精講例 1：（選自 2014 年嘉定一模）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box Each word can only be used once Note that there is one word mor

27、e than you need A. valueB. shapeC. designedD. understandingE. importantlyF. economistsG. responseH. vastI. connectedJ. majorK. amazinglyThirteen years after the launch of Taobao, China has risen to become the world seconds busiest onlinemarketplace, behind only the United States. This is the kind of

28、 statistic that _41_love, but it doesn t really tellus anything about why so many people like to buy so many things online.Is it because its easy? Is it because of the _42_ selection? Is it because we want to feel _43_ to otherswithout leaving the house?Taobao was in fact a _44_ to ebay s entrance i

29、nto the Chinese market in 2003. Jack Ma馬(云 ) knew thathe knew China better than the Americans did, and that Taobao could beat ebay at its own game here. He wasright, and Jack Ma has helped to _45_the nature of onlinecommerce in China what it looks like, how itworks, and, most _46_, who its users are

30、.Taobaos aesthetic ( 美學(xué) ) is distinctive, and has influenced and inspired competitors in China and aroundthe world. The way it works is also different from other _47_online retailers (零售店 ) . But the real genius ofTaobao lies in its _48_ of its users. What it looks like and how it works, after all,

31、were _49_ with the usersin mind: a young, increasingly“ connected” and increasingly wealthy Chinese generation.When they designed Taobao, Jack Ma and his team realized that many young people in China strongly_50_ social interaction with their peers, so theymade such interaction everything from messa

32、ging to livechats to recommendations and reviews a core part of the Taobao shopping experience.Keys:41.F42.H43.I44.G45.B46.E47.J48.D49.C50.A解析：41: 首先判斷此空的詞性，前面的 that 很顯然是定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞，statistic 是先行詞， 那此空格處不可能是修飾love 的形容詞， love 還可做動詞用（這一點很多學(xué)生容易忽略），因此love 前應(yīng)該是定從的主語，因此economists 比較合適。42: 從空格的位置可初步判斷應(yīng)填一個可修飾s

33、election 的形容詞，然后根據(jù)句意，可知是龐大的，巨大的選擇，因此選vast.43: 空格后的 to 是解題的關(guān)鍵， response 和 connected 都可加 to,但根據(jù)句意“是否我們想足不出戶就感到與其他人有聯(lián)系？”因此選connected.44: 空格后有介詞 to, response 放入此句中句意符合。45: help to后應(yīng)跟動詞原形，但此題難點在于shape 的詞性有兩種，既是名詞又是動詞。另外，后面一句講的是淘寶網(wǎng)的各個方面，所以應(yīng)該是馬云幫助中國網(wǎng)上商業(yè)特性定型。46: 此空很明顯應(yīng)填副詞。所給的詞中，有 importantly 和 amazingly ，根據(jù)

34、句意，并沒有驚奇的意思，可知應(yīng)該是 importantly.47: 空格中應(yīng)填的詞性為形容詞，修飾 retailers, 根據(jù)句意，可知是 major ，要注意的是 major 的兩種詞性。48: 空格在its 和 of 之間，可知應(yīng)當(dāng)是填名詞。要注意的Ving 也是名詞性的，因此，understanding詞性符合，另外，句意也符合。49: 根據(jù)空格的位置， 可知應(yīng)該是 be +Ved + 介詞的結(jié)構(gòu)。 所以選 designed. , 本句句意為 “淘寶網(wǎng)的表現(xiàn)形式和運營方式是按照心目中的用戶所設(shè)計的。.50: 由 strongly 可知空格中應(yīng)填動詞，剩下了value 和 amazingl

35、y, 學(xué)生易忽略value的動詞詞性。例 2：（選自 2014 年浦東二模）Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A. rejectedB. eventuallyC. variousD. readyE. commercializeF. prospectG. deliveredH. employedI. samplesJ. trans

36、plantsK. inevitablySince its appearance in 2007, researchers at San Diego-based Organovo have experimented with printing awide variety of tissues, including bits of lung, kidney and heart muscle. Now the world s first publicly traded 3Dbio-printingcompany is getting _41_ for production.In January sl

37、ices of human livertissue were_42_ to an outside laboratory for testing. These _43_ take about 30 minutes to produce, saysKeith Murphy , the firm s chief executive Later this year Organovo aims to begin commercial sales.The invention of 3D printingprovided a technology now _44_ to manufacture everyt

38、hing fromaircraft parts to body parts. But the _45_ of 3D bio-printing is even brighter: to create human tissues forresearch, drug development and testing, and _46_ as replacement organs, such as a kidney, for patientsdesperately in need of _47_. Bio- printed organs could be made from patients own c

39、ells andld thus wounot be _48_ by their immune systems. They could also be manufactured on demand.At present only a few of companies are trying to _49_ the production of bio-printed tissues. ButThomas Boland, an early pioneer in the field, says that plentyof others are interested. He also estimates

40、thatabout 80 teams at research institutions around the world are now trying to print _50_ small pieces oftissues such as skin, blood vessels, liver, lung and heart.“ It s a wonderfulhr-dimensionaltechnology to build tbiological structures,” says Gabor Forgacs,-foundedwhocoOrganovo in 2007.Keys: DGIH

41、FBJAEC答案解析：41. 【參考答案】 D【試題解析】詞組get ready for ， “準備 ”的考查，這個公司正準備投入生產(chǎn)。42. 【參考答案】 G【試題解析】此題是被動語態(tài)，根據(jù)意思很好判斷，“在一月份，人體的肝組織被運到實驗室里做測試 ”。43. 【參考答案】 I【試題解析】根據(jù)前面的 “ these和”謂語動詞 “ take 可”知這里應(yīng)該填一個名詞復(fù)數(shù)， I/J 可供選擇，根據(jù)意思選擇 I “樣本、標(biāo)本 ”。44.【參考答案】 H【試題解析】 分析句子成分可知這里填一個分詞做后置定語，employ 這里應(yīng)該翻譯為 “應(yīng)用、使用 ”，“ 3D立體印刷技術(shù)提供了一種可以用來制造

42、所有東西的技術(shù)”。45.【參考答案】 F【試題解析】 根據(jù)所在位置是主語， 謂語動詞 “ is是”單數(shù)可判斷， 此題需填名詞單數(shù)， 根據(jù)意思 （ “前景光明 ”）和詞形，選擇 prospect “前景 ”。46. 【參考答案】 B【試題解析】本題有點難度，要注意把一整句結(jié)合在一起看，“tocreate human tissues for research,drug development and testing, and _46_ as replacement organs, such as a kidney”，“制造人體組織用于研究，制藥，和測試，并最終作為器官的替代物，比如腎臟 ”，中間的

43、研究、制藥、測試到運用是層層遞進的關(guān)系。47. 【參考答案】 J.【試題解析】此題意思好理解，但要注意詞性，“transplant 這”里當(dāng)名詞用。48. 【參考答案】 A【試題解析】 這題是很明顯的被動語態(tài)， 所以選擇過去分詞， 備選項是 A/G/H ，根據(jù)意思和排除法，選擇 A ， “不會被身體的免疫系統(tǒng)排斥”，這題也屬于常識。49. 【參考答案】 E【試題解析】此題填動詞原形，只有E/F 可供選擇，根據(jù)意思和排除法，選擇commercialize “使商業(yè)化 ”。50. 【參考答案】 C【試題解析】這里需填一個形容詞，根據(jù)意思和排除法，選擇various “各種各樣的 ”。三專題過關(guān)檢測

44、題：（選自2014 年高考）A. alertB. classifyC. commitD. delicatelyE. gentleF. imposeG. labelsH. moderationI. relieveJ. signalsK. simplyLets say youve decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you dont have time to carefully planmenus for meals or read food _41_ at the supermarket. Since you really_42_

45、yourself to a healthierlifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldnt it? This is where a choice architect can help_43_some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customersmake decisions. For example, the person who decides the

46、layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up is a choice architect.Governments dont have to_44_healthier lifestyles through laws-for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect one that enc

47、ourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices,without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with_45_hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live l

48、onger, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called traffic light system to _46_foods ashealthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each productcontains_47_by lookingat the lights on the package. A

49、green light_48_that the amounts of the threenutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be_49_; and red means that the food is high inat least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in _50_. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide

50、what to choose.Keys:41. G42. C43.144. F45. E46. B47. K48. J49. A50. H四學(xué)法提煉1. 通過給學(xué)生介紹十一選十的考情及題型特點，讓學(xué)生深入掌握在做題過程中對所給備選詞詞性及詞義的掌握；2. 學(xué)生需要充分掌握那些一詞多性及一詞多義的詞語的用法，學(xué)會在平時的學(xué)習(xí)中逐漸積累此類詞語。一能力培養(yǎng).能力一 ：（選自 2014 年閘北區(qū)二模）Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only o

51、nce.Note that there is one word more than you need.A. croppedB. homeC. desirableD. issueE. illegalF. sceneG. presentedH. worseningI. urbanJ. endureK. disturbedIf this summer you pay a visit to Milan, the fashion centre of Italy, make sure you re not caughteating icecream in the streets after midnigh

52、t as doing so is now _41_.A new law was passed by Milan s city council banning the sale-awayoftakefood and drinks after midnightin some districts which are famous for their nightlife _42_. The purpose of this unusual move is, accordingto the city council, to discourage night gathering in downtown ar

53、eas.The law inevitablyhas given rise to a number of protests, accusing that the government has _43_people normals lives.However, if you take into consideration the country_44_ economys and its highunemployment rate, the local governmentnights fearassemblingofmay be reasonable.In fact, Milan laws is only the strangest of a host of restrictions on nightlife t