考試說明寫作概要writing--summary.ppt

1、Summary Writing,本題總分為25分，按5個(gè)檔次給分。 評(píng)分時(shí)，先根據(jù)所寫概要的內(nèi)容和語言初步確定其所屬檔次，然后以該檔次的要去來衡量、確定或調(diào)整檔次，最后給分。 詞數(shù)少于40的和多于80的，從總分中減去2分。 評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)主要從以下四個(gè)方面考慮 . 拼寫與標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)是語言準(zhǔn)確性的一個(gè)重要方面，評(píng)分時(shí)，應(yīng)視其對(duì)交際的影響程度予以考慮。 如書寫較差以致影響交際，可將分?jǐn)?shù)降低一個(gè)檔次。,概要寫作評(píng)分原則解讀,概要寫作： 提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的短文，要求考生基于該短文 寫出一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要,評(píng)分要點(diǎn) 1）理解準(zhǔn)確，涵蓋全部要點(diǎn) 2）準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯 3）有效使用語句間的連

2、接成分，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊 4）完全使用自己的語言,解讀之 篇,Summary writing for argumentation,There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt,1.Read,topic:, structure,In what order does the passage develop to show the different “attitudes”?,Tip1: Read for topic and structure,(2 )In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on

3、 the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular dangerwas thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. Sodid the king of England in 1

4、546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtin a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken abath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out. (3)Though the belief

5、in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighborever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanline

6、ss havemoved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far? (4)Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try t

7、o warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, anAmerican immunologist (免疫學(xué)家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem. And the latter position is gaining some ground.,There is nothing fi

8、xed about attitudes to dirt,2.Explore （探究）,supporting ideas,Find out the topic sentences of each paragraph,Para 2: In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin a

9、nd let ills in. A particular dangerwas thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. Sodid the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirtin a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was fa

10、mously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken abath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.,Examples of some European countries,(Para 3) Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbore

11、ver since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness havemoved beyond science since World War . Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea; cl

12、othes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?,(Para 4) Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread

13、of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, anAmerican immunologist (免疫學(xué)家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem. And the latter position is gaining some ground.,Tip2: Explore for topic sentences, leaving out unnecessary points,3: Paraphrase（改寫）, There is nothing

14、fixed about attitudes to dirt.,different, mixed, various,opinions, views, ideas, Attitudes to dirt vary in different times., People hold different/mixed opinions towards dirt over time.,Tip 3. Paraphrase with synonyms(同義詞）, thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease,defended thei

15、r bodies against the attack of disease. considered dirt on the skin helped resist illness. protected people from getting ill. regard dirt on the skin as a barrier against disease.,Paraphrase with synonyms（同義句）, In the 18th century,regarded cleaning away dirt is good to health,It was not until .that

16、peole came to believe washing off dirt benefited health. Centuries later, people came to adopt /employ /subsribe to a scientific view on dirt, considering it a healthy practice to remove dirt off the skin.,Tip 4: Paraphrase（改寫） with structures (participle分詞, with-structure結(jié)構(gòu), emphatic sentence強(qiáng)調(diào)句 an

17、d so on), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immunesystem,play with dirt help strenghthen their immune system. exposure to some dirt may help/ boost our immune system.,Paraphrase with synonyms, People hold mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin., In the 16th century, peopl

18、e of some European countries, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill., People began to change their attitudes to dirt more than 200 years ago. They have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy., Nowadays, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help

19、our immune system.,However,Nevertheless/But, people,4: Polish （潤色）, nowadays,Tip 5: Polish with connectives to make it coherent.,5. Copy,Tip 6: Copy with cleanness,How to write a summary,R,E,P,C,P,5STEPS,6TIPS,Topic and structure,Topic/supporting sentences,Connectives/Coherence,Cleanness,Synonyms,St

20、ructures,ExerciseRead and write with the steps and tips,Getting up early has been regarded as a good habit since ancient times. Many years ago, people thought that if we went to bed early and got up early, we would be energetic the whole day. Nowadays, people still hold the same view. So, getting up

21、 early is of great importance to us all. In fact, morning is the best time of a day. In the morning, the air is the freshest and people are usually in the best conditions. Many of us may have the experiences that we memorize some things more quickly and accurately in the morning than at any other ti

22、me of the day. Additionally, if we get up early and do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning, without doubt we can build our bodies and become much healthier. That is why many people getting up early do physical exercise year after year. Also, we will have enough time to mak

23、e a plan and get ready for our work or study of the day if we get up early. For example, if everyone in the family gets up early, wife will have enough time to prepare the breakfast for the whole family. Children will have enough time to catch the school bus, and husband will never forget to change

24、his dirty shirt. Everything is in order. What a harmonious scene! However, if we get up late, well probably have to do everything in a great hurry, making it in a mess. Let us remember getting up early is a good habit and try our best to keep it. Late risers may find it difficult to form the habit o

25、f getting up early. They have to make efforts to do so. If we stick to getting up early every day, we will certainly benefit a lot from it.,The importance of getting up early in the morning can never be too overemphasized. In the first place, our brain works faster and more correctly. Whats more, we

26、 can be increasingly healthy by breathing the fresh air and working out in the morning. Lastly, it enables us to make good preparations for the day.,Assessment,U,P W,要點(diǎn)守恒 擴(kuò)詞成句,W S,S P, 理解準(zhǔn)確， 涵蓋全部要點(diǎn)。, 能準(zhǔn)確使用相應(yīng)的語法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯。 有效地使用了語句間的連接成分, 使結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。 完全使用自己的語言。, 有效地使用了語句間的連接成分, 使結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。,2,PPT模板下載： 行業(yè)PPT模板： 節(jié)日PPT模板： PPT素材下載： PPT背景圖片： PPT圖表下載： 優(yōu)秀PPT下載： PPT教程： Word教程： Excel教程： 資料下載： PPT課件下載： 范文下載： 試卷下載： 教案下載：,When? Where? Who? What? Why