最新高考英語專題解析課件-閱讀理解[說明文].ppt

1、說明文是用平實的語言客觀地解說事物、闡明事理, 給人以知識的文體。它通過對實體事物(如儀器、產(chǎn)品、自然環(huán)境)的解說, 或?qū)Τ橄笫吕?如概念、原理、定律)的闡釋, 使人們對事物的形態(tài)、特征、構(gòu)造、性能、種類、成因、功能等有所了解, 或?qū)κ吕淼奶攸c、來源、演變、異同等有所認識，從而獲得有關(guān)的知識。說明文實用性很強, 它包括廣告、說明書、內(nèi)容提要、規(guī)則章程、解說詞、科學(xué)小品等。復(fù)習(xí)這類文體, 注意以下幾點：,主要題材：題材涉及科技、社會和文化生活等各個領(lǐng)域。如：介紹科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的最新成果、機器的制造過程、產(chǎn)品工藝流程或使用說明、工程項目的規(guī)劃、社會經(jīng)濟發(fā)展過程中出現(xiàn)的新生事物、生物的生存狀況、自然或社會

2、現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因和解決辦法、人文地理知識等。 說明順序：時間順序(如事物的發(fā)展變化)、空間順序(如建筑結(jié)構(gòu))、邏輯順序(如因果、現(xiàn)象與本質(zhì))。,說明方法：為了把事物的本質(zhì)特征說清楚, 或者把事理闡述明白, 常用下列說明方法：舉例子、作比較、分類別、析因果、列數(shù)字、作詮釋、打比方、下定義、列圖表、作引用、作假設(shè)、對比說明相異、類比說明相似等。,結(jié)構(gòu)特點：說明文的大體結(jié)構(gòu)有： (1)總體敘述+細節(jié)或過程說明+概括評述； (2)現(xiàn)象或變化+細節(jié)或原因闡述+引發(fā)的后果和相關(guān)啟示。 語言特點：高考英語閱讀理解中的說明文多為科普知識方面的題材, 文中常包含有結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、句意深奧的長句難句。因?qū)W術(shù)性強、抽象度高

3、, 解題的難度相對較大，在高考閱讀中多為最后一篇。,閱讀說明文的關(guān)鍵是：抓住說明對象的本質(zhì)特征。閱讀時須注意： (1) 注意說明的順序, 了解文章的結(jié)構(gòu), 把握文章的脈絡(luò)。 (2) 在閱讀過程中劃出長難句的主干成分(主謂賓)、標出關(guān)鍵詞、有的可邊看邊畫草圖或結(jié)構(gòu)、流程圖。,(1)短文略，見資料書P87,A. help students get a high-paid job B. help students work in Google C. encourage students to give up science D. arouse students interest in liberal

4、 arts,1. Stanford University held a lecture of literature and philosophy to _.,1.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的第一句Seeking to re-arouse interest in the liberal arts可知。,A. a period when something begins to be accepted. B. a period when something is out-dated. C. a period when something is most popular. D. a period w

5、hen something is replaced by another thing.,2. What does the underlined word “heyday” mean(in para. 6)?,2. C詞義推測題。根據(jù)第六段more than 1 in 3 Stanford students majored in languages, literature, the arts, history, cultural studies and philosophy可知超過1 / 3的斯坦福學(xué)生主修人文學(xué)科, 與現(xiàn)在10%的數(shù)據(jù)比較起來, 那是個 主修文科的鼎盛時期。,A. Only 1

6、0% of university students major in the humanities. B. More and more students choose science as their major. C. More students study the humanities in Stanford than other universities. D. The trend of what major to study has never changed,3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to parag

7、raph 7?,3.B細節(jié)理解題。由第六段最后一句可知。,A. Because the humanities cant help students find jobs. B. Because students never care about life meaning. C. Because students believe science can help them get high-paid jobs. D. Because the tuition fees of the humanity education are higher.,4. Why do students lose inte

8、rest in the humanities?,4. C推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段But for students who came of age in the Great Recession, the siren song of science can be tough to resist和最后一段Shakespeare wasnt in it for the money可知, 學(xué)生選擇理科是因為能找到賺錢的工作。,A. Approving.B. Doubtful. C. Negative.D. Indifferent.,5. What is Satzs attitude towards t

9、he education of humanities?,5. A情感判斷題。通過文章最后一段最后一句But she added humanities students who go on to graduate school and land jobs in tech intensive fields do just fine可知。,The 1, 718 incoming students nearly half of whom arrive intending to major in the sciences or engineering listened to a lecture orga

10、nized by the College of Humanities and Arts, where famous author and physician Abraham Verghese praised the meaning, and opportunities, of a liberal arts education.,【難句理解】,結(jié)構(gòu)分析: nearly half of whom引導(dǎo)一個定語從句, 在這個定語從句中where famous author and physician Abraham Verghese praised the meaning, and opportuni

11、ties, of a liberal arts education是從句中的另一個定語從句。,漢語大意：1718個新入學(xué)的學(xué)生其中半數(shù)都打算主修科學(xué)或者工程學(xué)聽了一個由人文藝術(shù)學(xué)院組織的講座。在這個講座中,作為作家和內(nèi)科醫(yī)生的Abraham Verghese贊揚了文科教育的意義和機遇。,outnumber v. 數(shù)量上超過 humanity students 人文學(xué)科的學(xué)生 come of age 成年, 長大成人 the Great Recession(經(jīng)濟)大蕭條時期,【助讀詞匯】,A. Touching someones arm when talking to him. B. Sayin

12、g hello to somebody with a warm hug. C. Giving someone a greeting with kisses. D. Not to touch someones arm when meeting him.,6. All that arent considered cold in Mediterranean countries are mentioned EXCEPT _.,6.D事實細節(jié)題。從文中第一段的第一句In Mediterranean countries, if you try not to touch someones arm when

13、talking to them or if you dont greet them with kisses or a warm hug, youll be considered cold.可知答案應(yīng)選D。,(2)短文略，見資料書P88,A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four.,7. How many inadvisable behaviors in Korean are clearly mentioned?,7. B事實細節(jié)題。從文中第一段的第二句But backslap someone who isnt a family member or a good frie

14、nd in Korea, and youll make them uncomfortable.與文章倒數(shù)第三段的第一句but fail to remove your shoes before entering a home in Korea, Hawaii, or the Pacific Islands and youll be considered disrespectful.可知文章中明確提到的有兩處在韓國屬于不得體的行為, 因此答案應(yīng)選B。,A. Annoying.B. Miserable. C. Negative.D. Selfish.,8. What does “disgusting

15、” in para. 3 refer to?,8. A詞義猜測題。從文中第三段的第二句The Japanese and Chinese also dislike the idea of a handkerchief.日本人和中國人也都不喜歡手絹, 可知disgusting 應(yīng)與dislike是同一類型的意思, 因此可知答案應(yīng)選A。,A. Putting on clothes B. Talking over dinner C. Blowing your nose D. Touching someone,9. All the following cultural mistakes are desc

16、ribed EXCEPT _ .,9. A事實細節(jié)題。文中的第一、二段描述的內(nèi)容是touching someone; 第三、四段描述的內(nèi)容是blowing your nose; 第五段描述的內(nèi)容是talking over dinner; 第六、七段描述的內(nèi)容是taking off your shoes or not。putting on clothes這一內(nèi)容文中沒提及，因此答案應(yīng)選A。,A. political systems B. historical events C. world culture D. popular science,10. The passage is likely

17、to be found in a website about _.,10. C推理判斷題。文章介紹了國外時要特別留心并盡量避免誤入的幾種文化陷阱。因此可判斷出在網(wǎng)站的文化板塊中可以閱讀到這篇文章。,Not only does shoe removal very practically keep sand and dirt out of the house, its a sign of leaving the outside world behind.,結(jié)構(gòu)分析：Not only 位于句首, 其后接的句子要進行半倒裝, 而but also后接的句子則保持正常語序。該句省略了but also。這句

18、話的正常語序為：Shoe removal not only very practically keeps sand and dirt out of the house, (but also)its a sign of leaving the outside world behind.,【難句理解】,漢語大意：脫掉鞋子不僅把沙粒與塵土留在了門外, 更意味著把外面的世界拋之腦后。,follow suit 跟著做 let alone更不用說 sacred adj.神圣的 uncivilized adj.不文明的,【助讀詞匯】,A. climb over your head B. quit looki

19、ng for a way C. search for another way D. keep climbing around,11. If you try to stop ants going forward, they will _.,11.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的If theyre headed somewhere and you try to stop them; theyll look for another way.可以推知, 螞蟻找其他路look for=search for。,(3)短文略，見資料書P89,A. Think winter all summer. B. Alway

20、s be realistic. C. Never become lazy in summer. D. Always look ahead.,12. What is the second philosophy of ants?,12. D 推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三的第一句ants think winter all summer.四段最后1句Think ahead.可以推知答案。文章的最后一段此句Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.也進行了歸納。,A. Always stay positive. B. Always r

21、emind yourself. C. Always think summer. D. Always be hardworking.,13. Which of the following can best describe the third part of the ant philosophy?,13. A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第1、2句ants think summer all winter. That is so important. During the winter, ants remind themselves, “This wont last long; well soon b

22、e out of here.”可以得知, 螞蟻在冬天里總是想著夏天, 想著希望, 總是提醒自己冬天來了, 夏天不遠了, 故保持積極的心態(tài)stay positive。其他選項與螞蟻的這種生活哲學(xué)不符, 只是在本段出現(xiàn)的一些詞, 學(xué)生選了, 則犯了斷章取義的錯誤。,A. never stop gathering food in the summer B. always get prepared for the winter C. gather as much as possible for the future D. do whatever we can for the future,14. We

23、 can learn from the last part of the ant philosophy that we should _.,14.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句What an incredible philosophy, the “all-you- possibly-can” philosophy.可以推斷應(yīng)該選D。,A. The Concept of Ants B. The Ant Philosophy C. Never Give up D. Do All You Can,15. Which of the following is the best title

24、for the passage?,15. B主旨大意題。最后一段Wow, what a great seminar to attend the ant seminar.Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can.是文章的主題段, 完整的歸納了文章大意。A選項是說螞蟻的概念, C和D選項以偏概全。B選項全面概括了螞蟻的四個哲學(xué)。,concept 概念 seminar n. 研討會 realistic adj.現(xiàn)實的 cant wait to do sth迫不及待做,【助讀詞匯】,(4)短文略，見資料書P90,A. the

25、y are floating above their own bodies B. they are walking towards a light C. they are flying in the sky D. they are seeing a bright light,16. When people are dying, some may have the following feelings except that _.,16. C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段可知。,A. By studying chemical materials in dying peoples brains. B.

26、 By studying changes in the brain that cause such experience. C. By listening to peoples descriptions of out-of-body experience D. By monitoring patients behavior on a scree.,17. How did scientists study the cause of out-of-body experience?,17. B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段reviewed studies into changes in the brain

27、that cause certain sensations associated with near-death experiences可知。,A. a chemical material released by human bodies B. a medicine to help people with stress and injuries C. a medicine which help people feel love and peace D. a chemical material to cause the death of people,18. The “hormone norad

28、renalin”(in Para10) is probably _.,18. A詞義判斷題。由倒數(shù)第四段的which is released when we suffer from stress and injuries可知。,A. Sam Parnia doesnt think that peoples near-death experiences are real. B. Sam Parnia hasnt finished the study of peoples near-death experiences. C. The causes of near-death experiences and other feelings are different.