托福閱讀詞匯題遇到陌生單詞2個(gè)救急技巧講解

1、托福閱讀詞匯題遇到陌生單詞2個(gè)救急技巧講解 托福閱讀中的詞匯題是題數(shù)很多分?jǐn)?shù)比重很大的題型，而詞匯題考點(diǎn)其實(shí)就是考生的托福詞匯量。今天給大家?guī)砹送懈ｉ喿x詞匯題遇到陌生單詞2個(gè)救急技巧講解,希望可以幫助到大家，下面就和大家分享，來欣賞一下吧。托福閱讀詞匯題遇到陌生單詞2個(gè)救急技巧講解托福閱讀詞匯題遭遇生詞應(yīng)對(duì)技巧：根據(jù)對(duì)比關(guān)系來猜測(cè)詞義對(duì)比關(guān)系通常是作者對(duì)于a、b兩事物進(jìn)行比較，進(jìn)而得出論點(diǎn)的一種論證手段。在一個(gè)句子或段落中,有對(duì)兩個(gè)事物或現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行對(duì)比性的描述,我們可以根據(jù)生詞或難詞的反義詞猜測(cè)其詞義。 例如:unlike her gregarious sister, jane is a sh

2、y, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or to make new friends. gregarious, 對(duì)許多人來說可能是個(gè)生詞,但是句中單詞unlike可以提示我們gregarious和后面的詞unsociable person是對(duì)比關(guān)系。分析出這種關(guān)系后,我們便能猜出意為gregarious是“愛交際的”。托福閱讀詞匯題遭遇生詞應(yīng)對(duì)技巧：根據(jù)詞形構(gòu)造來猜測(cè)詞義遇到生詞時(shí)，要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)語境、常識(shí)或者相關(guān)的構(gòu)詞法來猜測(cè)詞義。根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法的相關(guān)知識(shí)，就可以解決一些生詞。舉個(gè)例子來說，more recently, scie

3、ntists have documented an alarmingly high occurrence of frogs with malformations.在這個(gè)句子中，生詞無疑就是malformations。讓我們來看看它是由什么構(gòu)成的。form是詞根, formation“形式”，mal-:構(gòu)詞前綴，可表示“壞、惡、不良”，還可表示“不、不正常、不當(dāng)、非法?！眒alformation的意思就應(yīng)該是“畸形”。更多的例子如：malnutrition: 營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良;malconduct:(公職人員的)胡作為;maladjustive: 引起失調(diào)的;不利調(diào)節(jié)的。托福閱讀：10秒搞定閱讀長(zhǎng)難句的

4、方法在托?？荚嚨臅r(shí)候不可能也沒有時(shí)間把句子中的每個(gè)信息點(diǎn)都讀完，當(dāng)然句子這么長(zhǎng)，也不可能所有的信息都是major idea。而我們要做的第一步當(dāng)然就是提取major idea，也就是所謂的主干。這個(gè)主干如何提取呢?有人說，看句子的第一步當(dāng)然是劃出謂語動(dòng)詞。但是柳湘君老師建議從介詞著手，介詞對(duì)于學(xué)生來說簡(jiǎn)單并且容易識(shí)記，這樣他們就會(huì)很快地找出來。而介賓結(jié)構(gòu)一般是起修飾作用的，那絕不可能成為句子主干，學(xué)生們需要做的就是把它們找出并剔除掉就好了。我們來看下面一個(gè)例子：ekman has found that the so-called duchenne smile, which is charact

5、erized by crows feet wrinkles around the eyes and a subtle drop in the eye cover fold so that the skin above the eye moves down slightly toward the eyeball, can lead to pleasant feelings.此句話中的紅體字都是比較容易找出的介賓結(jié)構(gòu)，當(dāng)我們把它們剔除掉之后，這個(gè)句子就變成：ekman has found that the so-called duchenne smile, which is characteriz

6、ed by crows feet wrinkles and a subtle drop so that the skin moves down slightly, can lead to pleasant feelings.這一步做完之后可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，句子已經(jīng)減少了不少內(nèi)容。接下來可以把起修飾作用的形容詞與副詞劃去。對(duì)于一個(gè)冗長(zhǎng)的句子，做減法可以激發(fā)學(xué)生們把句子讀下去的欲望，何樂而不為呢?做完減法之后，頭疼的問題來了，一個(gè)句子套一個(gè)句子，都是些什么從句?如何判斷?建議把這個(gè)句子作為一個(gè)整體框起來，然后暫且不當(dāng)它是句子，就當(dāng)成一個(gè)單詞，那么這個(gè)單詞在文中充當(dāng)?shù)氖鞘裁闯煞菟褪鞘裁磸木淞?。我們接著用?/p>

7、面那個(gè)例子。首先在劃從句之前，可以把連接詞找出來，這對(duì)學(xué)生來說不是難事，比如說例句中的3個(gè)連接詞分別是that, which及so that。因?yàn)閣hich之前有一個(gè)逗點(diǎn)，很容易判斷這是一個(gè)斷點(diǎn)，那我們就先暫且不管that所在的部分，這樣就可以劃出兩個(gè)句子。ekman has found that the so-called duchenne smile, which is characterized by crows feet wrinkles and a subtle drop so that the skin moves down slightly, can lead to pleasa

8、nt feelings.于是，這個(gè)句子就變成ekman has found that the so-called duchenne smile, a b, can lead to pleasant feelings.我們把a(bǔ) b作為一個(gè)整體，就很容易看出其是修飾名詞smile的，充當(dāng)?shù)氖嵌ㄕZ的作用。而至于a與b的關(guān)系，我們只需要知道兩者是由so that引導(dǎo)的表示結(jié)果的關(guān)系就好。這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們?cè)偃タ磘hat引導(dǎo)的句子就容易多了。ekman has found that the so-called duchenne smile, a b, can lead to pleasant feeling

9、s.簡(jiǎn)單說，這個(gè)句子就變成了ekman has found c. 很容易判斷c在本句中是充當(dāng)賓語成份的，即賓語從句。大家都知道，在英語語法中，定狀補(bǔ)都是作補(bǔ)充說明成分的，也是需要我們做減法剔除掉的信息，而賓語是作為主干存在的，是我們需要保留的信息。那么這個(gè)例句的主干最后就成了：ekman has found that the so-called duchenne smile can lead to pleasant feelings.這樣一個(gè)句子相信大家理解起來就毫不費(fèi)勁了。由此可知，分析長(zhǎng)難句其實(shí)就是通過做減法去修飾留主干的過程。托福閱讀備考之長(zhǎng)難句分析：納瓦霍人as relative ne

10、wcomers to the southwest, a place where their climate, neighbors,and rulers could be equally inhospitable, the navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them, not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. (tp

11、o41, 49)大家自己先讀，不回讀，看一遍是否能理解(as relative newcomers to the southwest), (a place) (where their climate, neighbors, and rulers could be equally inhospitable), the navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them, (not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the b

12、eauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. ) (tpo41, 49)托福閱讀長(zhǎng)難句分析：這個(gè)句子的主干部分：the navajo created these art forms to affect the world around them修飾一：(as relative newcomers to the southwest)，介詞短語中文：作為西南部相對(duì)較新的人修飾二：(a place) ，同位語中文：一個(gè)地方修飾三：(where their climate, neighbors,and rulers could be equally inhospitable) ，從句中文：在那里氣候惡劣、鄰居冷漠以及統(tǒng)治者暴政修飾四：(not just through the recounting of the actions symbolized, but through the beauty and harmony of the artworks themselves. )，介詞短語注意這里有一個(gè)搭配：not just but 不僅而且