非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(不定式)PPT教學(xué)課件.ppt

1、大學(xué)英語(yǔ),College English,1,英 語(yǔ) 語(yǔ) 法,從句 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 虛擬語(yǔ)氣 主謂一致 時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài) 強(qiáng)調(diào)和倒裝,2,非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,3,非謂語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞,不定式（to do）,分詞,動(dòng)名詞（-ing）,過(guò)去分詞（-ed）,現(xiàn)在分詞（-ing）,4,不定式的語(yǔ)法功能,動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成： （to）+ do 具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征； 否定式： not + （to） do,5,不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),6,1一般式： 不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之后。 Its nice to meet you. He wants to be a physicist We p

2、lan to pay a visit to the Leaning Tower of Pisa.,7,2進(jìn)行式： 不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 The boy pretended to be studying seriously. She seems to be reading in his room.,8,3完成式： 不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前。 I happened to have seen the opera. He is pleased to have met his old classmates.,9,不定式的語(yǔ)法功能,作主語(yǔ) 作表語(yǔ) 作賓語(yǔ)

3、 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 作定語(yǔ) 作狀語(yǔ),10,主 語(yǔ),11,To finish the task in a week is very hard. 一周之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是很難的。 To lose your heart means failure. 灰心意味著失敗。,12,主 語(yǔ),動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)不定式置于句后。,13,It is very hard to finish the task in a week. 一周之內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)是很難的。 It means failure to lose your heart. 灰心意味著失敗。,14,主 語(yǔ),It + be + 名

4、詞 + to do It takes sb. + some time + to do It + be +形容詞 + of sb. + to do,15,It took me only a month to complete the project. It is very difficult for me to finish the report overnight. Its our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.,16,表 語(yǔ),17,My work is to clean the washing room every day. His id

5、eal is to be a top engineer. He appears to have caught a cold.,18,賓 語(yǔ),19,賓 語(yǔ),afford（負(fù)擔(dān)得起）， agree（同意），dare（敢于），decide（決定），happen（碰巧），hesitate（猶豫），fail（不能），guarantee（保證），tend（傾向），manage（設(shè)法），pretend（假裝），offer（提供），plan（計(jì)劃）,20,He offered to help me. The student failed to pass the exam. I really cantaffor

6、dto see this company go bankruptcy. Iguaranteeto fulfill the task. Wemanagetoget most of our produce in Britain.,21,注意事項(xiàng) 1,如果不定式（賓語(yǔ)）后面有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，則用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)（不定式）后置，放在賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)后面。,22,Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia. I found it impossible to answer all the questions within the tim

7、e given. All of us think it urgent to implement economic reform.,23,注意事項(xiàng) 2,動(dòng)詞+疑問(wèn)詞+不定式 有些動(dòng)詞可以要求其后的不定式前面加一個(gè)連接副（代）詞，一起充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)。what，when，where，which，how，whether等。,24,Could you tell me whether to go for a picnic? My mother showed me how to prepare meals. He gave us some advice on how to learn computer.,25,注

8、意事項(xiàng) 3,動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不定式 不定式可以做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),26,The officer ordered his soldiers to fire. Father will not allow us to play on the street. Ihavenochoicebuttobelieve what youre saying. Ihavenochoicebuttodoashetellsme.,27,定 語(yǔ),28,定 語(yǔ),通常放在被修飾的詞后面，往往表示未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。,29,I have a lot of work to do. I have a meeting to attend. She

9、found a comfortable house to live in. Thatsthethingtoworryabout.,備注：所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞,30,Itisagreatplacetolive. This is the best way to work out this problem. Letspracticenow.Itsthebestwaytolearn.,備注：如果不定式修飾time, place, way，可以省略介詞。,31,狀 語(yǔ),32,狀 語(yǔ),表目的 表結(jié)果 表原因 表程度,33,作目的狀語(yǔ),常用結(jié)構(gòu)： to do, only to, i

10、n order to, so as to do, so（such） as to,34,He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. I come here only to say good-bye to you. He worked day and night in order to get the money.,35,To save money, every means has been tried. To save money, he has tried every means. To learn English well, a dictionary

11、is needed. To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.,備注：注意不定式放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子主語(yǔ)要一致。,n. 方法，手段,36,作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),常用enough to，sufficient to，only to，never to，so + 形容詞/副詞 + as to引導(dǎo)。,37,I awoke to find my luggage gone. I tried the door, only to find it locked inside. He searched the room to find nothing.,38,作原因狀語(yǔ),

12、39,She smiled to see the students so happy. She smiled because she saw the students so happy. They were very sad to hear the news. They were very sad because they heard the news.,40,狀 語(yǔ),表目的 表結(jié)果 表原因 表程度,41,省略to 的不定式,42,cannot but（只得） cannot help but（不得不，只得） had better（最好還是） had rather（寧愿） would rathe

13、r（寧愿） would sooner（寧愿） may（just） as well（還是.的好） must （just）as well（幸好） rather than（而不是） why not（為什么不） would you please（請(qǐng)您.） help sb. （to）do sth.,43,Icannotbutadmireyourbravery. I cannot help but think thatis very important. Theyhadbetterthinkagain. Iwould rathersleep than watch this movie.,44,This p

14、romotes empathy rather than resentment. Whynoteatmorefruits? Wouldyoupleasefilloutadeposit slip? Couldyouhelp me find an apartment?,n. 同情,n. 憎恨,填寫(xiě),存款單,45,省略to 的不定式,do nothing / anything / everything.but / except結(jié)構(gòu)不帶to。,46,Last night I did nothing but watch TV. I have done nothing except do what I sh

15、ould. LasteveningIdidnothingbutrepairmy farmtools.,47,省略to 的不定式,當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find和使役動(dòng)詞let, have, make時(shí)，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式可以省去to。如果這些動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)形式，則要保留to。,48,I heard him lock the door. The boss made them work the whole night. They were made to work the whole night.,49,不定式的語(yǔ)法功能,動(dòng)詞不定式的構(gòu)成： （to）+ do 具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征； 否定式： not + （to） do,50,不定式,Subject （主語(yǔ)）,Object （賓語(yǔ)）,Predictive （表語(yǔ)）,Attribute （定語(yǔ)）,Adverbial （狀語(yǔ)）,Complement （補(bǔ)語(yǔ)）,To do that sort of thing is foolish.,It is foolish to do that sort of thing.,I want to see you this weekend,All you have to do