2016年自考英語二教材課文講義

1、Unit 1 The Power of LanguageI. New words and expressionsNew words1. critical adj. 有判斷力的；判斷公正（或?qū)徤鳎┑?. non-fiction n. 紀(jì)實(shí)文學(xué)3. position n. 觀點(diǎn)；態(tài)度；立場(chǎng)4. statement n. 說明；說法；表態(tài)5.questionv. 表示疑問；懷疑out of question / out of the question6. evaluate v. 估計(jì)；評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估7. context n. 事情發(fā)生的背景，環(huán)境，來龍去脈8.valuen. values pl.是非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

2、；價(jià)值觀valuableinvaluable=pricelessvalueless9. representv. 描述；表現(xiàn)representative adj./n.10. assertion n. 明確肯定；斷言11. sufficientadj.足夠的；充足的 sufficiency insufficient12. statistic n. statistics pl.統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料13. integrate v.（使）合并，成為一體14. authorityn.專家；學(xué)術(shù)權(quán)威；泰斗 an/the authority on sth. authorize15. comparev. 比較；

3、對(duì)比 compare A with B compare A to B16. subject n. 主題；題目；題材17. consistent adj. 相符的；符合的18. inconsistency n. 不一致19. assumption n. 假定；假設(shè)20. casen. 具體情況；事例 in case in case of fire in case that a case in point confirmed/suspected cases21. directly adv. 直接地；徑直地22. identify v. 找到；發(fā)現(xiàn)23. validadj. 符合邏輯的；合理的；確鑿

4、的 validity n. 有效性，正確（性） invalid24. credibleadj. 可信的；可靠的 incredible=unbelievable25. landmark n.（標(biāo)志重要階段的）里程碑26. relevantadj. 緊密相關(guān)的；切題的 relevancy n. 關(guān)聯(lián)；恰當(dāng) irrelevant27. current adj. 現(xiàn)時(shí)發(fā)生的；當(dāng)前的28. appropriateadj. 合適的；恰當(dāng)?shù)?inappropriate Its (not) appropriate that .29. bias n. 偏見；偏心；偏向30. considerablyadv. 非

5、常；很；相當(dāng)多地 consider considering considerable considerate consideration31. Democrat n. （美國(guó)） 民主黨黨員，民主黨支持者民32. Republican n. （美國(guó)）共和黨黨員，共和黨支持者33. reflect v. 顯示；表明；表達(dá)34. informedadj. 有學(xué)問的；有見識(shí)的 well-informed ill-informedPhrases and Expressions1. apply to 使用；應(yīng)用2. put forth 提出；產(chǎn)生3. take into account 考慮到；顧及4.

6、accept/take at face value 相信表面；信以為真5. with a grain of salt 有保留地；持懷疑態(tài)度地II. Text LearningCritical Reading(1)Critical readingapplies tonon-fiction writingin whichthe authorputs forth a positionor seeks to make a statement.Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just（不只是，不僅僅是） understa

7、nding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying.Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（啟下句）本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：1. Critical readingapplies tonon-fiction writingin whi

8、chthe authorputs forth a positionor seeks to make a statement.apply to sb./sth.= be applicable to sb./sth.apply的派生詞：application, applicant, applicableConsider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural contextthanyours.(2)Or,

9、you may be reading something writtensome timeago in a different time context than yours.(3)In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：2. Or, you may be reading something writtensome timeago i

10、n a different time context than yours.some time注意區(qū)分：sometime / sometimes / some times3.In either case, you must recognize andtake into accountany differences between yourvalues and attitudesandthoserepresented by the author. 不論哪種情況，你必須注意并考慮你的價(jià)值觀和態(tài)度與作者所述的價(jià)值觀和態(tài)度有何不同。those是代詞，代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞values and attitu

11、des。代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用that。例如：The students in your class are more hard-working than those in his class.The values of the young people differ from those of their elders.Your voice is more beautiful that that of your classmates.The price of that book is higher than that of this one.請(qǐng)認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識(shí)點(diǎn)測(cè)評(píng)的成績(jī)！

12、【單選題】1. The necklace her sister is wearing is much more beautiful than _ worn by Mary. A this B that C these D those【答案】B【解析】本題考查指代詞those/that的用法。英語句子中為了避免重復(fù)常使用代詞代替前面出現(xiàn)過的名詞。代替前面的復(fù)數(shù)名詞用those；代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞用that。本句中空格處要填的詞代替代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞necklace，故選A。此處that也可以換成the one?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)】指代詞those/that的用法Question assertion

13、s made by the author. Dont accept what is writtenat face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient support for any assertions made.Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.（承上句） Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work

14、 of authorities.Compare what is written with other written work on the subject.(4)Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject.If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies. （承上句）本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：4.

15、Look to see that what is writtenis consistent withwhat others have written about the subject.be consistent with 與一致consistvi. 組成（of）；在于（in）；符合（with）The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity.This doesnt consist with what you to

16、ld me earlier. 這和你先前告訴我的不符合。consist的派生詞：consistent, inconsistent, consistency, inconsistency請(qǐng)認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識(shí)點(diǎn)測(cè)評(píng)的成績(jī)！【單選題】2. To tell you the truth, I really hope that your actions will consist _ your words this time. A of B in C at D with【答案】D【解析】本題考查consist的用法。consist of意為由組成；consist in意為在于；consist wi

17、th意為與一致，故選D。consist at不存在。該句的意思是說實(shí)話，我真希望這次你的言行能一致。【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】consist的用法 Analyze assumptions made by the author. (5)Assumptions arewhateverthe author must believeis truein order to make assertions. In many cases, the authors assumptions are not directly stated.This means you must read carefully in order to

18、 identify any assumptions.（承上啟下句） Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid. Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark

19、 achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant.Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.（承上句）Finally if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current（啟下句）. For example, studies done by Einstein in the ear

20、ly 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing thecurrent state of knowledge in physics. Identify any possible author bias.(6)A written discussion of American politics willlikelylook considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.(7)What is w

21、ritten may very well reflecta biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written with a grain of salt.By being a critical reader, you will becomebetter informedand maychange your views as appropriate.本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：5. Assumptions arewhatever the auth

22、or must believe is truein order to make assertions.whatever引導(dǎo)的是表語從句，不能換成no matter what。名詞性從句（主語，賓語，表語，同位語從句）中，疑問詞ever不能換成no matter+疑問詞，狀語從句中可以換用。例如：Whoever comes to our party is welcome. （不能換成no matter who）He will lend a helping hand to whoever needs his help. (不能換)He will buy whatever his son wants

23、. （不能換）Whatever you do, I will support you. (能換成no matter what)6. A written discussion of American politics willlikelylook considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican.likely 在該句中是副詞likely adj. / adv.be likely to do sth.Its likely thata likely resultProfit wil

24、l most likely have risen by about ?2 million. 利潤(rùn)極可能增加200萬英鎊左右。（副詞）likely的派生詞：unlikely, likelihood。例如：The likelihood of infection is minimal. 感染的可能性極小。7. What is written may very well reflecta biased position.a biased positionbe biased to/toward(s)/against反義詞：unbiasedIII. 部分練習(xí)講解P111 Bridging the GapD

25、irections: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given.解題方法：把詞分類動(dòng)詞 名詞 形容詞副詞define action powerful internallyexpress tears personalshape shape goodrespond toLanguage is one of the things that sets us apart as beings, on

26、e of the things that essentially1definesus as humans. When language is used well it can elicit very deep feeling in others, motivate others to2actionand define the nature of our relationships. Sometimes in poetry the juxtaposition（并列）of two words or a certain phrase can bring3tearsto the eyes, call

27、up a whole host of imagery and move us deeply. We have seen language recently used in the politics of persuasion, used for4goodor ill - depending on your viewpoint. When we use language to5expressour true feelings to someone it can open and deepen the connection between us. Language is a very6powerf

28、ultool. How we use language shapes our world both7internallyand externally. How you use self-talk - what you say to yourself about yourself and about the world directly8shapes（塑造，使成形）your experience of both yourself and the world. How you deliver communication shapes the way the world9respondstoyou.

29、 We can use language more effectively in both spheres: internal and external and directly influence the health and power of our10personalrelationships and our business relationships.I. New words and expressionsNew words1. confidencen.自信心；把握相關(guān)詞：confidentbe confident of sb. / sth.have / lose confidenc

30、e in sb. / sth.注意比較：confident / confidential2. program v. 訓(xùn)練；培養(yǎng)3. mastery n. 控制；駕馭4. destiny n. 命運(yùn)；天命；天數(shù)5. dramatically adv. 巨大地；驚人地；顯著地6. quality n. 質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)7. subconscious adj. 下意識(shí)的；潛意識(shí)的8. please v. 使?jié)M意；使愉快9. command n.（給人或動(dòng)物的）命令10. knowingly adv. 故意地；蓄意地11. impact n. 巨大影響；強(qiáng)大作用12. matter v. 事關(guān)緊要；有重大影

31、響13. confident adj. 自信的；有自信心的14. sense n.（對(duì)重大事情的） 感覺，意識(shí)15. eliminatev. 排除；清除；消除eliminate all grammatical mistakesbe eliminated in the first round16. disempowerv. 剝奪；使失去權(quán)利；剝奪力量注意構(gòu)詞法：dis（表示否定）+em（使，賦予）+poweren- / em-常見的動(dòng)詞前綴，如：enable, enrich, endanger, enlarge等。empower v. 授權(quán)，賦予權(quán)利17. self-esteem n. 自尊（心

32、）18. limitv. 限制；限定區(qū)分兩個(gè)名詞limit和limitation。There is a limit / are limits to ones life.There is no limit / are no limits to knowledge.Everyone has his own limitations.19. infiniteadj. 極大的；無法衡量的相關(guān)詞：finite, finitely, infinitely20. stifle v. 壓制；扼殺；阻止21. creativityn. 創(chuàng)造力相關(guān)詞：create, creation, creator, creat

33、ive, creatively22. internal adj. 內(nèi)心的；頭腦中的23. insignificantadj. 微不足道的；無足輕重的相關(guān)詞：significant, significance, significantly, insignificance24. commonly adv. 通常；常常25. alternativen. 可供選擇的事物，替代物have no alternative but to do sth.Is there any alternative to going to the cinema?26. fabulous adj. 極好的；絕妙的Phrases

34、 and Expressions1. carry out 完成（任務(wù)）2. be up to 取決于3. have an impact on/upon 對(duì)產(chǎn)生巨大影響4. rub out 用橡皮擦掉（字跡等）5. be in control of掌管；管理；控制II. Text LearningThe Language of Confidence1 The language we useprogramsour brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree ofmasteryover our lives and our destin

35、ies. It is important to use the languagein the best way possiblein order todramatically improve our quality of life.2 Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on oursubconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesnt really understand the difference between what really happens and

36、what you imagine.(1)It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it - whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you.Try3 It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, Ill try to do that you know that they are not going to beputtin

37、g their whole heart intoit, and may not even do it at all.(2)How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say Ill try to be more confident or Ill try to do that or Ill try to call?4 Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to your

38、self in two different ways. Firstly say,Ill try toand notice how you feel. Next say, I will do and see how you feel.5(3)The lattermakes you feel better than the first one, doesnt it?It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they s

39、ay they will try notice if it gets done or not.Eliminate the word try from your dictionary and see how your life improves.（承上句）本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：1. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any commands that you give it - whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you. 它渴望取悅，樂意聽從你給它的任何命令，而你是

40、有意還是無意地做這些完全取決于你。(1) carry out commands 執(zhí)行命令(2) be up to sb. 取決于某人例如：Its up to you whether we go there or not.2. How often do you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you?matter v. be important例如：As long as staff are smart, it does not matter how long their hair is. 員工只要聰明，頭

41、發(fā)留多長(zhǎng)沒什么關(guān)系。It matters a lot whether you come to my birthday party or not.3. The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesnt it?the formerthe latterCant6 This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem.(4)It limi

42、ts ourinfiniteabilities and stifles creativity.Rub it out from your internal dictionaryandreplace it with something that makes you feel great.本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)：4. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity.(1) infinite的詞根是finite，其它相關(guān)詞：finitely, infinitely, finiteness/finity, infiniteness/infinity。(2) creativity的詞根是create。注意區(qū)分兩個(gè)名詞：creation / creativity。請(qǐng)認(rèn)真答題，答題結(jié)果將記入知識(shí)點(diǎn)測(cè)評(píng)的成績(jī)！【單選題】3. 選擇括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的正確形式填空：A small word like