現(xiàn)在完成時中學(xué)英語語法復(fù)習(xí)之時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、*現(xiàn)在完成時*,現(xiàn)在完成時是由助動詞have（has）+過去分詞構(gòu)成 其否定句在Have/has后加not. 一般疑問句把have/has提到主語前. 動詞的過去分詞：規(guī)則變化（和過去時一樣） 不規(guī)則變化：,不規(guī)則變化： am/is-was-been are-were-been begin-began-begun break-broke-broken do-did-done draw-drew-drawn drink-drank-drunk drive-drove-driven eat-ate-eaten fall-fell-fallen fly-flew-flown forget-forgo

2、t-forgotten give-gave-given go-went-gone grow-grew-grown hide-hid-hidden know-knew-known lie-lay-lain ride-rode-ridden ring-rang-rung show-showed-shown see-saw-seen sing-sang-sung speak-spoke-spoken take-took-taken come-came-come run- ran run become-became-become,1。表過去發(fā)生的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,例如 I have ju

3、st cleaned my clothes. 我剛洗過衣服。 （“洗衣服”是發(fā)生在過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是“衣服干凈了”） I have just had my breakfast. (對現(xiàn)在的影響：不餓) 通常與表示包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間副詞 just（剛剛）, already（已經(jīng)）, before, yet（一般疑問：已經(jīng)；否定句：還） never, ever等狀語連用 I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have you

4、milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just finished my homework. He has not come yet.,2。表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，也可以表示實質(zhì)可能繼續(xù)下去的動作或狀態(tài)。通常和 for（段時間）, since（點時間） 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用.以及 so far, by now, these days, in the last ten years 等連用。 I have been here for just over two years. He has worked here

5、since 1989. 從1989年，,I havent seen her these days. She has learnt English for 3 years/since 3 years ago. They have lived here since 1990. What has happened to the USA in the last 350 years?,注意點一： 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的用法比較 現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在甚至?xí)^續(xù)下去或表示過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響；一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生的時間在過去?，F(xiàn)在完成時屬于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)范圍，因此，不能和表示過去的時間

6、狀語連用。 如：yesterday, last night, two weeks ago等 試比較： The plane has arrived . 飛機已經(jīng)來了。（說明現(xiàn)在的情況：飛機在這兒） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飛機是一刻中以前來的。（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間在過去） I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在這兒已經(jīng)教了十五年。（表示十五年前的動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，還可能會繼續(xù)。） I taught here for a year. 我過去在這兒教過一年。（表示“我“現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在這兒任教了）,Put the fo

7、llowing sentences into English. A: 火車已經(jīng)開走了. B: 什么時候開走的? A: 半個小時之前開走的. A: 這本書我已經(jīng)買了兩年了. B: 你在哪兒買的? A: 在我老家買的. A: 你看過這部電影嗎? B: 看過. A: 什么時候看的. B: 上周星期天看的.,A: The train has left.,B: When did it leave.,A: It left half an hour ago.,A: have you seen the film? B: Yes, I have. A: When did you see it? B: I saw

8、 it last Sunday.,A: Ive had the book for two years. B: Where did you buy it? A: I bought it in my hometown.,注意點二、非延續(xù)性動詞與現(xiàn)在完成時 短暫性動詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時間段連用，這些動詞是：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall, finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry等。為了表述這種意思，我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞have，keep等來代替非延續(xù)性動詞。 他入黨五年

9、了。He joined the Party five years ago . He has been in the Party for five years. He has been a Party member for five years. it is five years since he joined the Party 電影開始五分鐘了。 The film began five minutes ago. The film has been on for five minutes. It is five minutes since the film began,瞬間動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)

10、換,come/go be (in) leave be away borrow keep buy have die be dead get to know know begin be on go out be off go out be off arrive be here/there marry/get married (to) be married (to) begin to work/study/live work/study/leave fall asleep/get to sleep be asleep join the Party be in the Party/be a membe

11、r of,1.I have borrowed the book for 2 weeks. ( ) 2.The film has begun for 5 minutes.( ),A B C,A B C,B kept,B been on,3. 這輛自行車我買了兩年了。 Ive _ the bike _ two years.,4. He left Nanjing two years ago. He _ _ _ _ Nanjing for two years.,5. The monkey died last month. The monkey _ _ _ for a month.,6. A: Hong

12、 long _ you _ ( ) B: Two weeks. A.did,get ill B. have,fallen ill C. were,ill D. have,been ill,had for,has been away from,has been dead,D,注意點三：have been in, have been to 與have gone to 的用法 1、have (has) been in 表示“在某地（多長時間）”，現(xiàn)在仍在那里。常與表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如： Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗來上海已

13、經(jīng)有三天了。 They have been in Canada for five years. 他們到加拿大有五年了。 2、have( has)been to表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了?？膳cjust, ever, never等連用，例如： I have just been to the post office. 我剛才去郵局了。 Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 瑪麗從未去過長城。 Have you ever been to Hangzhou before? 你以前曾經(jīng)去過杭州嗎？ Have (has) been to 后面可接次數(shù)，表

14、示去過某地幾次。例如： They have been to that village several times. 他們?nèi)ミ^那個村莊好幾次了。 3、have (has) gone to 意為“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。總之，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場，例如： -Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop. 他到書店去了。 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.約翰遜到倫敦去了。,練習(xí)：用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空 A: Where _1_ Li Fei _1_? B:

15、 He _2_ to Hainan Island. A: How long _3_ he _3_ there? B: He _4_ there for three days. A: When will he come back , do you know? B: Im afraid he wont come back recently. A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island? B: Sorry, I _5_ never _5_ there. A: How many times _6_ Li Fei _6_ to that place? B:

16、 He _7_ there only once.,用括號中所給的動詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。 1. Mary _(lose) her pen. _ you _ (see) it here and there? 2. _ you _ (find) your watch yet? 3. -Are you thirsty? -NO, I _ just _ (have) some orange. 4. We _already _ (return) the book. 5. _ they _ (build) a new school in the village? 6. -Has Tom taught

17、you English? -Yes, he _ (teach) us English for two years. 7. I _(not finish) my homework yet. Can you help me? 8. What _ they _ (do) with the newspaper? They have read them. 9. - The door is open. Who _ (open) it? Do you know? - Sorry, I dont know. 10. My father _ (read) the novel twice. 11. Wu Dong _(be) a soldier for one year. 12. The students _(study) in the middle school since last month. 13. How long _