氣象科技英語翻譯練習(xí)-參考譯文.ppt

1、1,Nanjing, China, September 2005,Prof. Zhu Weijun Graduate School Nanjing Institute of Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science 水汽輸送;降水異常,(1),4,An analysis on the relation between the precipitation anomaly of the first flood period in south China and the water vapor transportation Abstr

2、act: The relation between the precipitation anomaly of the first flood period in South China and the water vapor transportation is analyzed by using the daily precipitation data of 57 stations in South China and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis daily data for water vapor transportation form 1958 to 2000, an

3、d the differences between the drought year and flood year are studied. The results show that the meridian anomaly of water vapor transportation in south China causes drought or flood of south China, but the longitudinal anomaly only cause local precipitation anomaly, and that the water vapor transpo

4、rtation of drought years is not out-of-phase with that of flood years, and that the water vapor coming from the Indian Ocean and the West Pacific do not perform an obvious function on the precipitation anomaly of the first flood period in South China, the South China sea (particularly the north of i

5、t ) is the key area leading to the precipitation anomaly of the South China. Key words: the first flood period of South China; water vapor transportation; precipitation anomaly,華南前汛期降水異常與水汽輸送的關(guān)系 摘要:采用19582000年華南57站前汛期日降水資料和NCEPNCAR逐日水汽輸送再分析資料,分析了華南前汛期降水異常與水汽輸送的關(guān)系,并對(duì)旱、澇年進(jìn)行了比較分析。結(jié)果表明:華南地區(qū)經(jīng)向水汽輸送的異常變化將導(dǎo)

6、致該地區(qū)的異常旱澇,而緯向水汽輸送的異常變化只導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)出現(xiàn)小范圍的降水異常。旱年和澇年的異常水汽輸送不是簡(jiǎn)單的反位相關(guān)系。來自印度洋和西太平洋的水汽對(duì)華南地區(qū)前汛期的降水異常沒有明顯的作用,南海(主要是其北部)才是華南降水異常的關(guān)鍵區(qū)。 關(guān)鍵詞:華南前汛期;水汽輸送;降水異常,(1),5,Relation between Precipitation Anomalies and Water Vapor Transportations during the first flood period in south China Abstract: The relationship between t

7、he precipitation anomaly and water vapor transportation of the first flood period in South China as well as their comparative features between the drought year and flood year is investigated on the basis of the 57 station daily precipitations in South China and the NCEPNCAR reanalysis daily data for

8、 water vapor transportation form 1958 to 2000. Results show that the anomalies of meridianal water vapor transportation in south China is responsible for the widespread drought or flood over that region, while the zonal transport changes only cause precipitation anomalies in a smaller or local areas

9、, and that the water vapor transportation feature in drought years is not simply just an out-of-phase contrast to that of flood years. Evidence further suggests that it is not the water vapor coming from the Indian and Western Pacific Oceans, but that from the key area of South China Sea, particular

10、ly its north part, that plays an critical role in causing the precipitation anomalies during the first flood period in South China. Key words: the first flood period of South China; water vapor transportation; precipitation anomaly,華南前汛期降水異常與水汽輸送的關(guān)系 摘要:采用19582000年華南57站前汛期日降水資料和NCEPNCAR逐日水汽輸送再分析資料,分析

11、了華南前汛期降水異常與水汽輸送的關(guān)系,并對(duì)旱、澇年進(jìn)行了比較分析。結(jié)果表明:華南地區(qū)經(jīng)向水汽輸送的異常變化將導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)的異常旱澇,而緯向水汽輸送的異常變化只導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)出現(xiàn)小范圍的降水異常。旱年和澇年的異常水汽輸送不是簡(jiǎn)單的反位相關(guān)系。來自印度洋和西太平洋的水汽對(duì)華南地區(qū)前汛期的降水異常沒有明顯的作用,南海(主要是其北部)才是華南降水異常的關(guān)鍵區(qū)。 關(guān)鍵詞:華南前汛期;水汽輸送;降水異常,(1),6,天氣雷達(dá)定量估測(cè)降水量不同方法效果評(píng)估 摘要:將黃河淮河洪水暴雨監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)降水估測(cè)模式得出的規(guī)則網(wǎng)格點(diǎn)上的降水與雨量計(jì)實(shí)測(cè)值進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果表明:將地面雨量計(jì)值作為真值,則聯(lián)合校準(zhǔn)法和最優(yōu)插值校準(zhǔn)法

12、得出的降水量計(jì)算精度最高,變分法得到的結(jié)果不是很理想,卡爾曼濾波校準(zhǔn)法和平均校準(zhǔn)法的計(jì)算精度低于聯(lián)合校準(zhǔn)法和最優(yōu)插值校準(zhǔn)法,Z-I關(guān)系法的精度最低。 關(guān)鍵詞:天氣雷達(dá);區(qū)域降水;方法評(píng)估,(2),7,Evaluation of the Precision of Weather Radar Rainfall Estimation Algorithms Abstract：Precipitation on ordered grid point which is obtained from the Radar Estimating Precipitation model (REP) of Huang

13、River and Huaihe River is compared with in situ data of a rain-gage network. The results show that if we take the value of ground rain-gage as real value, then the method of optimal interpolation and joint adjusting method have the lowest root mean square errors, while the results of variational met

14、hod are not very well due to parameter choosing. The calculating precision of Kalman filter method and average method are lower than joint adjusting method and optimal interpolation method. The method of Z- I has the highest root mean square errors. Keywords: weather radar, regional precipitation, e

15、valuation methods,天氣雷達(dá)定量估測(cè)降水量不同方法效果評(píng)估 摘要:將黃河淮河洪水暴雨監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)降水估測(cè)模式得出的規(guī)則網(wǎng)格點(diǎn)上的降水與雨量計(jì)實(shí)測(cè)值進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果表明:將地面雨量計(jì)值作為真值,則聯(lián)合校準(zhǔn)法和最優(yōu)插值校準(zhǔn)法得出的降水量計(jì)算精度最高,變分法得到的結(jié)果不是很理想,卡爾曼濾波校準(zhǔn)法和平均校準(zhǔn)法的計(jì)算精度低于聯(lián)合校準(zhǔn)法和最優(yōu)插值校準(zhǔn)法,Z-I關(guān)系法的精度最低。 關(guān)鍵詞:天氣雷達(dá);區(qū)域降水;方法評(píng)估,(2),8,Evaluation of the Precision of Weather Radar Rainfall Estimations Abstract: Calcula

16、ting precision comparison is conducted of the ordered grid point rainfall based on the Radar Estimating Precipitation model (REP) for monitoring and predicting the torrential rainfall over the Huanghe and Huaihe Rivers to the in situ raingauge network precipitation. Results show that if the ground r

17、aingauge value is taken as real, then the root mean square errors in the model is least for the optimal interpolation and joint calibration methods, much larger for the Kalman filter and average methods and largest for the Z-I method, while the results of variational method are not good enough to ev

18、aluate due to the parameter choosing. Key words: weather radar; regional precipitation; evaluation of methods,天氣雷達(dá)定量估測(cè)降水量不同方法效果評(píng)估 摘要:將黃河淮河洪水暴雨監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)報(bào)系統(tǒng)降水估測(cè)模式得出的規(guī)則網(wǎng)格點(diǎn)上的降水與雨量計(jì)實(shí)測(cè)值進(jìn)行比較,結(jié)果表明:將地面雨量計(jì)值作為真值,則聯(lián)合校準(zhǔn)法和最優(yōu)插值校準(zhǔn)法得出的降水量計(jì)算精度最高,變分法得到的結(jié)果不是很理想,卡爾曼濾波校準(zhǔn)法和平均校準(zhǔn)法的計(jì)算精度低于聯(lián)合校準(zhǔn)法和最優(yōu)插值校準(zhǔn)法,Z-I關(guān)系法的精度最低。 關(guān)鍵詞:天氣雷達(dá);區(qū)域降水;方法

19、評(píng)估,(2),9,(3),UV-B增強(qiáng)對(duì)冬小麥和菠菜影響的對(duì)比試驗(yàn) 摘要:通過大田試驗(yàn)對(duì)比研究了紫外輻射UV-B增強(qiáng)對(duì)冬小麥和圓葉菠菜株高、葉面積指數(shù)、干物質(zhì)累積量的影響以及葉綠素和類黃酮的變化。結(jié)果表明:紫外輻射UV-B增強(qiáng)對(duì)冬小麥和圓葉菠菜株高、葉面積指數(shù)、干物質(zhì)累積有著明顯的抑制作用,同時(shí)還使葉綠素含量下降,類黃酮含量增加。對(duì)比可以看出,UV-B輻射對(duì)小麥株高、葉面積、干物質(zhì)積累以及葉綠素和類黃酮含量的影響小于對(duì)菠菜的影響。 關(guān)鍵詞:UV-B輻射;小麥;菠菜;對(duì)比試驗(yàn),10,Comparison of the Effects of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on W

20、heat and Spinach Abstract： The influences of the intensified Ultraviolet radiation (UV-B radiation , 280320nm ) on wheat and spinach are compared and analyzed in the present article. The results indicate that the enhanced UV-B tends to restrict the growth of wheat and spinach, shorter their height a

21、nd smaller leaf area as well as the decreased dry substance accumulation and chlorophyll content while increase their flavonoid content. In addition, the experiment shows that the influence of spinach is more than wheat. Key words：UV-B radiation；wheat；spinach；contrast test,UV-B增強(qiáng)對(duì)冬小麥和菠菜影響的對(duì)比試驗(yàn) 摘要:通過

22、大田試驗(yàn)對(duì)比研究了紫外輻射UV-B增強(qiáng)對(duì)冬小麥和圓葉菠菜株高、葉面積指數(shù)、干物質(zhì)累積量的影響以及葉綠素和類黃酮的變化。結(jié)果表明:紫外輻射UV-B增強(qiáng)對(duì)冬小麥和圓葉菠菜株高、葉面積指數(shù)、干物質(zhì)累積有著明顯的抑制作用,同時(shí)還使葉綠素含量下降,類黃酮含量增加。對(duì)比可以看出,UV-B輻射對(duì)小麥株高、葉面積、干物質(zhì)積累以及葉綠素和類黃酮含量的影響小于對(duì)菠菜的影響。 關(guān)鍵詞:UV-B輻射;小麥;菠菜;對(duì)比試驗(yàn),(3),11,Contrast Experiments of Enhanced UV-B Radiation Effects on Wheat and Spinach Abstract: On th

23、e basis of field experiments comparison is conducted for the influences of enhanced Ultraviolet radiation (UV-B radiation, 280320nm) on the varied growth parameters of wheat and spinach. Results indicate that the enhanced UV-B tends to suppress the plants heights and dry matter accumulations, to red

24、uce the chlorophyll contents and leaf areas, and to raise the flavonoid contents. In addition, the enhanced UV-B seems to exerts more impacts on spinach than on wheat. Key words: UV-B radiation; wheat; spinach; contrast experiment,UV-B增強(qiáng)對(duì)冬小麥和菠菜影響的對(duì)比試驗(yàn) 摘要:通過大田試驗(yàn)對(duì)比研究了紫外輻射UV-B增強(qiáng)對(duì)冬小麥和圓葉菠菜株高、葉面積指數(shù)、干物質(zhì)累積量

25、的影響以及葉綠素和類黃酮的變化。結(jié)果表明:紫外輻射UV-B增強(qiáng)對(duì)冬小麥和圓葉菠菜株高、葉面積指數(shù)、干物質(zhì)累積有著明顯的抑制作用,同時(shí)還使葉綠素含量下降,類黃酮含量增加。對(duì)比可以看出,UV-B輻射對(duì)小麥株高、葉面積、干物質(zhì)積累以及葉綠素和類黃酮含量的影響小于對(duì)菠菜的影響。 關(guān)鍵詞:UV-B輻射;小麥;菠菜;對(duì)比試驗(yàn),(3),12,南寧市酸雨特征及來源分析 摘要:通過對(duì)酸雨觀測(cè)資料和污染源資料的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,并利用拉格朗日煙團(tuán)模式計(jì)算表明,南寧市酸雨的頻率較高,pH值較小;南寧市酸雨的來源構(gòu)成以外來源為主。運(yùn)用天氣學(xué)診斷方法,對(duì)氣象要素影響酸雨來源進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果表明,南寧市酸雨主要受東北方污染源影響

26、,且冬春兩季的影響最大,風(fēng)頻及逆溫對(duì)酸雨的影響較大。在上述分析的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)出近兩年大氣環(huán)流影響酸雨的幾種類型,其中以高空槽鋒面型為最多,酸雨影響程度也最嚴(yán)重。 關(guān)鍵詞:酸雨;污染來源;特征分析,(4),13,Analysis on the characteristics and origination of acid rain in Nanning City Abstract: The frequency of Nanning acid rain was quiet high and the value of pH was low with the analysis of observati

27、on acid rain data in this paper; pollution source of Nanning acid rain was mainly due to the external pollution source according the statistic analysis of pollution source data and the acid deposition model; as for meteorological factors, the cause of acid rain by employing synoptic diagnosis, was m

28、ainly affected by the northeast pollution source, especially in winter and spring. The wind frequency and temperature inversion were major cause of acid rain as well. Based on above analysis, we concluded several types of circulation that affecting acid rain,the aloft through-cold front is the main

29、type. Key words: acid rain ; pollution source; characteristics analysis,南寧市酸雨特征及來源分析 摘要:通過對(duì)酸雨觀測(cè)資料和污染源資料的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,并利用拉格朗日煙團(tuán)模式計(jì)算表明,南寧市酸雨的頻率較高,pH值較小;南寧市酸雨的來源構(gòu)成以外來源為主。運(yùn)用天氣學(xué)診斷方法,對(duì)氣象要素影響酸雨來源進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果表明,南寧市酸雨主要受東北方污染源影響,且冬春兩季的影響最大,風(fēng)頻及逆溫對(duì)酸雨的影響較大。在上述分析的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)出近兩年大氣環(huán)流影響酸雨的幾種類型,其中以高空槽鋒面型為最多,酸雨影響程度也最嚴(yán)重。 關(guān)鍵詞:酸雨;污染來源;

30、特征分析,(4),14,Characteristics and Origin of the Acid Rain in Nanning City Abstract: The statistical analysis and simulations of the acid rain in Nanning are conducted in terms of the observations as well as a Lagrange plume model. Evidence suggests that the acid rain in Nanning, most resulting from th

31、e external pollution sources, shows a low PH value and much high occurrence frequency. The synoptic diagnoses further indicate that the Nannings acid rain is mainly affected by the northeast pollution source, especially in winter and spring seasons, and two meteorological elements that also exert mu

32、ch influence are the wind frequency and temperature inversion. Based on above analyses, several types of circulations are classified in the end, among which, the upper trough cold front type is the dominant one that most account for the occurrence and severity of the acid rain in Nanning . Key words

33、: acid rain; pollution source; characteristics analysis,南寧市酸雨特征及來源分析 摘要:通過對(duì)酸雨觀測(cè)資料和污染源資料的統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,并利用拉格朗日煙團(tuán)模式計(jì)算表明,南寧市酸雨的頻率較高,pH值較小;南寧市酸雨的來源構(gòu)成以外來源為主。運(yùn)用天氣學(xué)診斷方法,對(duì)氣象要素影響酸雨來源進(jìn)行了分析,結(jié)果表明,南寧市酸雨主要受東北方污染源影響,且冬春兩季的影響最大,風(fēng)頻及逆溫對(duì)酸雨的影響較大。在上述分析的基礎(chǔ)上,總結(jié)出近兩年大氣環(huán)流影響酸雨的幾種類型,其中以高空槽鋒面型為最多,酸雨影響程度也最嚴(yán)重。 關(guān)鍵詞:酸雨;污染來源;特征分析,(4),15,一次強(qiáng)暴

34、雨形成的動(dòng)力機(jī)制 摘要:分析了1998年7月武漢強(qiáng)暴雨的天氣演變特征,并從理論上初步探討了強(qiáng)暴雨形成的動(dòng)力機(jī)制。結(jié)果表明:低空急流先于暴雨生成,暴雨最強(qiáng)時(shí)低空急流也最強(qiáng);高空急流入口區(qū)右側(cè)及低空急流左側(cè)非熱成風(fēng)梯度的存在,使得中尺度不穩(wěn)定波的波振幅出現(xiàn)空間不穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)象,高空急流右側(cè)不穩(wěn)定波的波振幅和低空急流左側(cè)不穩(wěn)定波的波振幅向暴雨區(qū)增加,暴雨區(qū)恰為這兩支波疊加后振幅最大的區(qū)域,高低空急流耦合下的非熱成風(fēng)、中尺度對(duì)流對(duì)稱不穩(wěn)定可能是這類強(qiáng)暴雨產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力原因之一。 關(guān)鍵詞:強(qiáng)暴雨;非地轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng);非熱成風(fēng);暴雨增幅,(5),16,Dynamic Analysis on Formation of Torr

35、ential Rain Abstract: The paper analyses the weather developing characteristic of torrential rain in Wuhan, and discusses the dynamic mechanism of the torrential rain theoretically. The results show that the low-level jet (LLJ) occurs before the torrential rain. When the torrential rain is the stron

36、gest, LLJ is also the strongest. The existence of non-thermal wind gradients, which are in the right side of entrance region of upper level jet (ULJ) and the left of LLJ, makes the amplitude of mesoscale instability waves appear spatial instability. When instability waves in the right of ULJ and in

37、the left of LLJ move to the region of the torrential rain, their amplitude is becoming bigger. Whats more, after superposing of two waves, the amplitude in the region of the torrential rain is the biggest one. Under non-thermal wind of coupling of upper and low level, mesoscale convection symmetric

38、instability must have been one of dynamic mechanism of producing torrential rain. Key words: torrential rain; ageostrophic; non-thermal wind; heavy rain increasing amplitude,一次強(qiáng)暴雨形成的動(dòng)力機(jī)制 摘要:分析了1998年7月武漢強(qiáng)暴雨的天氣演變特征,并從理論上初步探討了強(qiáng)暴雨形成的動(dòng)力機(jī)制。結(jié)果表明:低空急流先于暴雨生成,暴雨最強(qiáng)時(shí)低空急流也最強(qiáng);高空急流入口區(qū)右側(cè)及低空急流左側(cè)非熱成風(fēng)梯度的存在,使得中尺度不穩(wěn)定波的波振幅出現(xiàn)空間不穩(wěn)定現(xiàn)象,高空急流右側(cè)不穩(wěn)定波的波振幅和低空急流左側(cè)不穩(wěn)定波的波振幅向暴雨區(qū)增加,暴雨區(qū)恰為這兩支波疊加后振幅最大的區(qū)域,高低空急流耦合下的非熱成風(fēng)、中尺度對(duì)流對(duì)稱不穩(wěn)定可能是這類強(qiáng)暴雨產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)力原因之一。 關(guān)鍵詞:強(qiáng)暴雨;非地轉(zhuǎn)風(fēng);非熱成風(fēng);暴雨增幅,(5),1