外文翻譯--什么是燃油檢測

黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 附 錄 A What are fuel mapping computers? Before we can get into a discussion about fuel mapping, you have to have to know a bit about electronic fuel injection (EFI). Whats that? To put it simply, its a computerized system that takes over where your old carburetor left off, regulating the mix of air and fuel in your engine to keep it running smoothly. Too much fuel, and youre wasting gas. Too little, and you could damage your engine. For decades, fuel regulation was handled by the carburetor. In the late 1950s, cars with optional electronic fuel injection came on the scene, and by the 1990s, EFI was common. Today, almost all new cars have EFI systems instead of carburetors. The fuel map is the EFI systems setting for regulating the air/fuel mix. The map has three goals: Optimize performance - for better speed and acceleration Optimize fuel economy - to get the best gas mileage Optimize emissions - to eliminate as many waste particles from the tailpipe as possible Next, well map out the parts that make up this intricate computerized system. Understanding fuel mapping technology is much easier if you know the territory. The center of the whole EFI system, which controls the fuel map, is the engine control unit (ECU). Think of this component as the cars brain. Sensors located in the engine and throughout the rest of the vehicle send information to the ECU. The ECU interprets this information and uses it to keep the car working at its best. The ECU looks like a black plastic box with the electronic brains inside. Its location varies wildly by manufacturer. Some put the ECU in the engine compartment near the battery, some put it near the glove box or steering column in the passenger compartment. Some even put it under one of the seats. The ECU, though, is useless without its sensors, just like our brains wouldnt be much good at interpreting the world around us without our senses. While there are dozens of sensors in a car that feed information to the ECU like the one that triggers that annoying Check Engine light, well just list the ones that create the fuel map. 黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 Mass Air Flow (MAF) Sensor: This sensor measures the amount of air coming into the engine. Less air is drawn into the engine when its idling, so less fuel is needed. More air is drawn into the engine once the cars in motion, so more fuel is needed from the injectors. Oxygen (O2) Sensors: Located in the exhaust system, these sensors detect the amount of unburned oxygen and fuel coming from the engine. The ECU can adjust the amount of fuel injected into the engine to increase efficiency. Throttle Position Sensor (TPS): This sensor tells the computer how hard and how quickly the driver pushes on the gas pedal. The farther and faster the pedal is pushed, the wider open the throttle moves, increasing the amount of fuel that needs to be added to the engine for speed. Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) Sensor: This sensor measures changes in the engines manifold pressure, which tells the ECU how much load the engine needs to bear (towing or going uphill) and how fast it needs to happen (speeding up or slowing down). If the sensor reads high pressure, the ECU will lower the engine vacuum and add more fuel. If there is low pressure, the ECU will raise the vacuum and dial down the fuel injection. Vehicle Speed Sensor (VSS): This tells the ECU how fast the car is moving and adjusts the fuel accordingly. This sensor also sends signals to the speedometer and the cruise control computer. These are the parts, but where is the map? Thats what were going to talk about next, so get out your graph paper. Would you like to know what a fuel map looks like? Start here. While the cars ECU doesnt need to visualize the fuel map, its helpful for us humans to picture how this computer comes to its conclusions. You dont need a physical piece of graph paper, but imagining one will make it easier. The fuel map looks a lot like something youd learn in a junior high school math class. Imagine that piece of graph paper and draw a simple X-Y axis on it: one line going across (the X) and one line going up and down (the Y). The numbers along the X axis represent the engines revolutions per minute (rpm). Thats how fast the engines internal components are turning to do whatever the driver needs - speeding up, slowing down, waiting at a red light or even towing a boat. The Y axis represents the load on the engine, or the energy required by the engine to do the task at hand. 黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 Now imagine points scattered all along that graph paper that represent different driving situations. Thats the fuel map. At each point - and there are hundreds of possible combinations - the ECU decides what to tell the fuel injectors to do. Pulling a fifth-wheel camper up the Rocky Mountains at highway speed, for example, puts the engine under a huge load and requires a lot of energy. The ECU gets input from all of the sensors on vehicle speed, air intake, pressure, and temperature and plots a specific point on the imaginary graph. The computer is programmed to tell the fuel injectors what to do at that very point on the fuel map, and it sends out the appropriate message - without any more input from the driver. Once the ECU has received the information from the sensors and figured out what to do based on the fuel map, it can change three basic things to make the engine run at its best - the fuel flow rate, spark timing, and idle speed. But what can you, the car owner, do to change these things? Change the ECU and sensors, of course. Well look at improvements and troubleshooting for the fuel mapping system on the next page. Youll need your ECU to regulate the air/fuel mix in your engine to make this job easier. There are basically two types of people whod want to make changes to the fuel map: Performance hounds and fuel misers. Performance-minded people who are interested in eking every last hundredth of a second from their cars can reprogram the ECUs fuel map to deliver more fuel. There may be some fuel wasted and a lot more unburned fuel in the exhaust, but thats the price you pay for a win at the Saturday night drag races. On the opposite end of the scale are those drivers who are willing to sacrifice performance for fuel economy. A leaner fuel/air mixture is going to sap some power from the engine, but burning less fuel means higher miles per gallon and less fuel wasted in the process. There are even adjustable MAP sensors on the market specifically aimed at the fuel-saving crowd. Which brings us to one last point: You must remember that the information in the vehicles brain is only as good as what the sensors are telling it. If a sensor is bad and sending faulty information, the ECU will not adjust the fuel injectors correctly. Failure usually occurs due to a dusty sensor or a corroded or loose electrical connection. 黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 Occasionally, the sensor itself will just go bad and send incorrect signals. To stick with our earlier example of an engine under very heavy load - the camper on the highway in the Rockies - lets think about what would happen if one of those sensors were bad. If the Mass Air Flow (MAF) sensor, for example, wasnt working correctly, it might tell the ECU that there wasnt a lot of air moving into the engine. This would move the point on the fuel map, and the ECU wouldnt know to send a signal to the fuel injectors to increase the amount of fuel in the mix to make up for all that air. The engine would seem sluggish, since it wasnt getting the energy it needed to do such a difficult job. The fuel map inside the ECU is able to adjust the air/fuel mix for maximum efficiency and performance in any condition - that is, as long as the sensors are giving it the right information.黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 附 錄 B 什么是燃油檢測？ 在我們能夠很容易就進入了討論燃料 檢測 ，你必須要知道一點的電子燃油噴射（電噴）。那是什么？簡單地說，這是一個電腦系統(tǒng)，在那里 取代 您的舊化油器，調(diào)節(jié)空氣的混合燃 料在您的引擎保持平穩(wěn)運行。過多的燃料，你浪費 燃油 。太少，而且您可能會損害您的 發(fā)動機 。 幾十年來，燃料 的混合都是靠 化油器。在 1950 年末，電噴 汽車問世 ，和 在上世紀(jì) 90 年代，電噴 車與化油器汽車是 共同 存在 的。今天，幾乎所有新車型都由 電噴系統(tǒng)取代化油器。 該 檢測 是燃料電噴系統(tǒng)的設(shè)置，調(diào)節(jié)空氣 /燃料混合。該 檢測 有三個目標(biāo)： 優(yōu)化性能 -更好的速度和加速度 ； 優(yōu)化燃油經(jīng)濟性 -以獲得最佳的油耗 ； 優(yōu)化排放量 -以從排氣管盡可能 多 消除廢物顆粒。 下一步，我們將 檢測 的部分， 用 這項復(fù)雜的計算機系統(tǒng)。 了解 燃油檢測 技 術(shù)要容易得多，如果你知道的 領(lǐng)域 。中心的整個電噴系統(tǒng)，控制燃料 檢測 ，是發(fā)動機控制單元（ ECU）。認(rèn)為這部分作為汽車的大腦。傳感器位于發(fā)動機和全 部 其他地方的車輛將信息發(fā)送到 ECU 的。 ECU 的 處理 這一信息，并用它來保持汽車的工作處于最佳狀態(tài)。 ECU 看起來像一個黑色塑料盒 裝的 電子大腦。其 安裝位置被不同的制造商裝在不同的位置 。有些 設(shè)計者把 ECU 安 在發(fā)動機附近的 蓄 電池 旁 ，有的把它 裝到手套箱或駕駛 員與 乘客 之間的位置 。有 的 甚至把它 放到座位下邊 。 ECU 如果沒有傳感器的話 它是毫無用處的，就像我們的大腦 如果沒有感覺器官將 不會處理我們周圍的事物 。 因為 有幾十個傳感器的信息， 汽車的 ECU，如一個 發(fā)出 “ 檢測 引擎 ” 信號 ，我們就會 得 出那些 燃油消耗檢測值 。 大 量的 氣流（ MAF） 經(jīng)過 傳感器：該傳感器 檢測 空氣進入發(fā)動機。更少的空氣是卷入發(fā)動機時的空轉(zhuǎn)， 消耗 較少的燃料，是必要的。更多的空氣抽進發(fā)動機后，汽車的運動，因此需要更多的燃料是從 噴射 。 氧氣（ O2）傳感器： 位于 排氣系統(tǒng)中，這些傳感器探測未燃盡氧氣 數(shù)值 和黑龍江工程學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計 燃料來自引擎。 ECU 的可以調(diào)整為燃料 噴入 發(fā)動機，以提高效率。 節(jié)氣門位置傳感器（ TPS）：該傳感器告訴計算機如何努力，如何迅速地 把握駕駛員 的油門。更 多 ，更快的 踩 踏板，更廣泛地打開油門動作，增加了燃 油的量 ，需要加以補充的引擎 轉(zhuǎn)速 。 進氣壓力 （ MAP）傳感器：該傳感器 采集 發(fā)動機的多方面的壓力，告訴多少負(fù)荷的 ECU 引擎需要承擔(dān)（拖曳或 爬坡 ）和以多快的速度，需要發(fā)生（加快或減慢）。如果傳感器讀取高壓力下， ECU 將降低發(fā)動機的真空和 提供 更多的燃料。如果有低的壓力， ECU 將提高真空和 發(fā)送 降低燃油噴射 信號 。 車速傳感器（ VSS）： 它 告訴 ECU 汽車 的速度 是多快 以及調(diào)整相應(yīng)的燃料。該傳感器還發(fā)送 速度 信號和巡航控制系統(tǒng) 信號到 ECU。 這些零件， 但哪一個 檢測 ？這就是我們 接下來 要談?wù)?的 ，因此，擺脫您的圖形文件。 你想知道什么是燃料 檢測 ？從這里開始。 雖然汽車的電控單元并不需要形象化燃料 檢測 ，這有助于我們?nèi)祟愡@臺電腦 檢測 如何 得 來的結(jié)論。您不需要 一塊 物理方格紙，但想象一個更容易。燃料 檢測 看上去就像你想了解在初中數(shù)學(xué)課。 想象一塊圖形文件，并 有 一個簡單的 坐標(biāo) 軸線上：一條線將跨越（ X）和 1個行會向上和向下（ Y）。這些數(shù)字沿 X 軸代表了引擎 每分鐘 的 運轉(zhuǎn) （每分鐘轉(zhuǎn)速）。這就是快速發(fā)動機的內(nèi)部部件正在 運轉(zhuǎn)在駕駛員 需要加快，放緩，等待紅燈，甚至拖著一艘船。 y 軸 代表的引擎負(fù)載，或引擎做手頭的任務(wù)所需的能量。 現(xiàn)在想象點分散沿著這圖形