外文翻譯--發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)塑料進(jìn)氣歧管的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展趨勢(shì)

1 附 錄 Engine plastic intake manifold application and development trend Because plastic products unique advantages, plastic intake manifold will become aluminium alloy intake manifold alternative products. Since always, as the key components, domestic engine intake manifold are using aluminum alloy products. And according to understand, foreign plastic intake manifold application in a wide range, such as BMW, modern, nissan, which upscale automobile use plastic intake manifold. According to the auto air-intake system manufacturing company a technology expert introduction, compared with traditional aluminum alloy intake manifold, plastic intake manifold weighs just for aluminum manifold 1/2, its at low speed, low load power, torque increase was can reach above 10%. Meanwhile, the airway smooth plastic intake maifold, improve the engine performance, compared with aluminium alloy manifold fuel can reduce 6% to 8%, in addition, still can improve engine performance and emission function, reduce engine noise, and with the aluminum alloy intake manifold interchangeability strong. Domestic to automotive plastics intake manifold research startting evening, plastic intake manifold manufacturing and r&d technology is still in the blank, in this field technical level is low, its market share is less than 2%. Some of the countrys auto manufacturers have to import from abroad plastic intake manifold high. A technology expert says. Changan group technology development center of a personage thinks, along with the market competition, reduce automobile manufacturing costs into the central focus of automobile enterprise, new materials, new technology products are more valued and cheap plastic intake manifold replace traditional heavy metal intake manifold become an inevitable 2 trend. Meanwhile, plastic intake manifold demand, will accompany the increases production car increases, its market prospect synchronization is nottaken lightly. In recent years, functional plastic application in automobile engine has made breakthrough progress, more and more engine components to begin using a plastic material production, especially with plastic intake manifold replace metal intake manifold has become an inevitable trend of automobile engine. With the traditional metal intake manifold, plastic intake manifold compared with what strengths? Metal intake manifold generally USES is cast iron or alloy material. In order to satisfy the engine intake and efi system installation requirements, and in manufacturing complex metal intake manifold often faced manufacturing difficulties, its yield is very difficult to guarantee. In 1990, the German BMW company USES molten core method successfully produce plastic intake manifold. Later, plastic intake manifold with its light weight, low cost, performance is good wait for a characteristic quickly replaced the gold Belong to intake manifold, become the new engine of choice. In European and American countries, about 90% of the exhaust from the opposite side of naturally aspirated engines use plastic intake manifold. Specifically, the plastic intake manifold main With four advantages: (1) in weight, because plastic intake manifold generally USES the nylon PA66 material, the proportion is about 50% of aluminum alloy material. (2) in addition, the thickness of the plastic intake manifold for 2.5 3mm commonly, and aluminum alloy intake manifold wall thickness generally greater than 4mm. Therefore, plastic intake manifold weight relative to light many, usually only for aluminum alloy around 40% of the intake manifold. (3) in power, because plastic intake manifold wall smoother, therefore to improve air filling quantity. Compared with aluminium alloy the intake manifold, engine performance can improve the 3% 5%. (4) in the economic aspect, plastic intake manifold brings good airflow, thus helping to gasoline engine cylinder in full within the engine burn, the fuel consumption and emissions 3 could have been improved obviously. (5) in cost, although the intake manifold of plastic materials used with aluminum alloy material cost basic same, but because plastic intake manifold can once moldings, forming the rate of high, while the aluminum alloy casting and into the yield of inlet manifold blank much lower, and the machining cost is relatively high, therefore plastic intake manifold production usually cost more than aluminum alloy intake manifold low 20% 35%. At present, the plastic intake manifold preferred materials are nylon. Nylon is the advantage of high temperature resistant, chemical stability, but its shortcoming is larger, the percentage of ethylene glycol resistance performance also not too good, and its water is too strong, bibulous the strength will decline after nylon nearly 40%. Therefore, the widely-spreading use increased 25% 35% of PA6 or PA66 fiberglass reinforced polyamide. Nylon before joining fiberglass, its shrinkage after obviously improved. For internal including cooling channel intake manifold, suggest using special anti glycol nylon formula. Although the world many plastic material supplier in continuously develops new intake manifold plastic materials, plastic materials in order to enhance the various performance, but nylon material is still the best choice at present. Plastic intake manifold production process Currently the world what are the main types of plastic intake manifold production technology? What are the strengths and weaknesses of each? At present more mature plastic intake manifold processing technology is mainly molten core injection molding technology and vibration friction welding technology. The two technologies have different features. (1) molten core injection technology is the earliest, the most mature used plastic intake manifold production process. Its principle is: use the low melting point of solder alloy intake manifold inner cavity, and then the core nuclear assembly into a mold, again to mold to infuse nylon. Injection molding process is completed, a by nylon molding the shapes of the intake manifold in upcoming lumen core nuclear claddings inside. At this time, with internal metal core nuclear inlet manifold into melting in the pool, to make metal core nuclear melting. Because of the metal core nuclear melting point lower (generally), and nylon 110 the melting point of relatively high, so in internal core in the process of nuclear 4 melting plastic intake manifold Shape remain unchanged. Molten core method produce plastic intake manifold advantage is: intake manifold wall complete smooth, thereby improving the gas liquidity, can maximize the engine performance； Because be once the intake manifold injection molding, good air-tightness, high-yield； Molten core process can eliminate plastic intake manifold in injection molding process produces the residual stress, making intake manifold has better mechanical properties. Molten core method shortcoming is: in the metal core nuclear fusion molten core and core process, to consume large amounts of energy, thus make molten core method the cost of producing plastic intake manifold are relatively high. (2) vibration friction welding technology is also called more pieces of welding method. When the intake manifold in design plastic complex structure, can be in the intake manifold due to relatively simple, can a structure of the injection molding, then two or more pieces of each piece by friction welder welding up, to form a complete plastic intake manifold. At present, most plastic intake manifold manufacturers are using vibration friction welding technology. Its main advantage is: high production efficiency, low cost. Its defect is the weld seams low intensity, appearance is bad, gas liquidity are relatively poor. Plastic intake manifold domestic production status Plastic intake manifold of the nationalization process can be roughly divided into three stages: The first stage for imported stage. In the early 1990s, as some of the establishment of joint venture automobile enterprises, foreign advanced product line with the engine was introduced some introduction of domestic cars. In this one phase, plastic intake manifold as engine, its core of important component technology from foreign party control, imports cost is high. The second phase is mainly for some enterprises directly in domestic production. At this stage, the foreign-capital enterprise in foreign plastic intake manifold production line and complete mould to the home, use of domestic and cheap labor, for in the domestic provide matching the webuton of plastic intake manifold, and plastic intake manifold design 5 &development work still at abroad. The third stage, with the domestic automobile manufacturing technology advances, some domestic enterprise started plastic intake manifold research and development work. Plastic intake manifold is a kind of high-tech products, including many engine aspects of key technology. But at present domestic most plastic intake manifold production enterprise past just ordinary plastic products factory, most of them do not have design and production engine technical ability, it could only be modelled some have outdated plastic intake manifold, their technical level the good and bad are intermingled. Overall, the current domestic production of plastic intake manifold ubiquitous technology level is low, and can not meet the requirements engine. 6 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)塑料進(jìn)氣歧管 的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 由于塑料產(chǎn)品特有的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，塑料進(jìn)氣歧管將成為鋁合金進(jìn)氣歧管的替代產(chǎn)品。 一直以來，作為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的關(guān)鍵零部件，國(guó)內(nèi)的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)氣歧管都是采用鋁合金產(chǎn)品。而據(jù)了解，國(guó)外對(duì)塑料進(jìn)氣歧管的應(yīng)用較為廣泛，在寶馬、現(xiàn)代、日產(chǎn)等高檔汽車上，均使用了塑料進(jìn)氣歧管。 據(jù)汽車進(jìn)氣系統(tǒng)制造公司一位技術(shù)專家介紹，與傳統(tǒng)的鋁合金進(jìn)氣歧管比較，塑料進(jìn)氣歧管的重量?jī)H為鋁質(zhì)歧管的 1/2，其在低速低負(fù)荷時(shí)，功率、扭矩提高幅度可達(dá)10%以上。同時(shí)，塑料件的氣道光滑，提高了發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)性能，與鋁合金歧管相比油耗可降低 6%8%，此外 ，還能改善發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力性與排放功能，降低發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)噪聲，且與鋁合金進(jìn)氣歧管互換性強(qiáng)。 “ 國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)汽車塑料進(jìn)氣歧管的研發(fā)工作起步較晚，塑料進(jìn)氣歧管生產(chǎn)及研發(fā)技術(shù)方面尚屬空白，在此領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的技術(shù)水平較低，其市場(chǎng)占有率還不到 2%。國(guó)內(nèi)的一些汽車生產(chǎn)廠家不得不從國(guó)外高價(jià)進(jìn)口塑料進(jìn)氣歧管。 ” 一位技術(shù)專家介紹說。 長(zhǎng)安集團(tuán)技術(shù)開發(fā)中心的一位人士認(rèn)為，隨著市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)加劇，減少汽車制造成本成為整車企業(yè)關(guān)注的中心，新材料、新工藝的產(chǎn)品就更受重視，質(zhì)優(yōu)價(jià)廉的塑料進(jìn)氣歧管取代傳統(tǒng)笨重的金屬進(jìn)氣歧管成為必然趨勢(shì)。同時(shí)，塑料進(jìn)氣歧管的需求 量，也將伴隨汽車年產(chǎn)量的不斷增加而同步增大，其市場(chǎng)前景不可小視。 近年來，功能性塑料在汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)上的應(yīng)用已取得了突破性的進(jìn)展，越來越多的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)部件開始采用塑料材料制作，尤其是用塑料進(jìn)氣歧管取代金屬進(jìn)氣歧管已成為汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的必然趨勢(shì)。 同傳統(tǒng)的金屬進(jìn)氣歧管相比，塑料進(jìn)氣歧管具有哪些優(yōu)點(diǎn)？ 金屬進(jìn)氣歧管一般采用的是鑄鐵或鋁合金材料。為了滿足發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)進(jìn)氣和電噴系統(tǒng)安裝方面的要求，在制造結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的金屬進(jìn)氣歧管時(shí)常常面臨著制造工藝方面的困難，其成品率很難保證。 1990 年，德國(guó)寶馬公司采用熔芯法成功地生 產(chǎn)出塑料進(jìn)氣歧管。 之后，塑料進(jìn)氣歧管以其重量輕、成本低、性能好等特點(diǎn)迅速取代了金屬進(jìn)氣歧管，成為新型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的首選。在歐美國(guó)家，大約有 90% 的進(jìn)排氣異側(cè)的自然吸氣發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)都 7 使用了塑料進(jìn)氣歧管。具體而言，塑料進(jìn)氣歧管主要 具有 4 個(gè)方面的優(yōu)點(diǎn)： (1) 在重量方面，由于塑料進(jìn)氣歧管一般采用尼龍 PA66 材料，其比重約為鋁合金材料的 50%。 (2)另外，塑料進(jìn)氣歧管的管壁厚度一般為 2.53mm，而鋁合金進(jìn)氣歧管的壁厚一般大于 4mm。因此，塑料進(jìn)氣歧管的重量相對(duì)要輕很多，通常僅為鋁合金進(jìn)氣歧管的 40%左右。 (3) 在動(dòng)力性方面，由于塑料進(jìn)氣歧管的內(nèi)壁比較光滑，因此有利于提高進(jìn)氣充量。與鋁合金進(jìn)氣歧管相比，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力性可提高 3%5%。 (4)在經(jīng)濟(jì)性方面，塑料進(jìn)氣歧管能帶來良好的氣流，從而有助于汽油在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)缸內(nèi)的充分燃燒，使發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性和排放都能得到明顯改善。 (5) 在成本方面，雖然進(jìn)氣歧管所使用的塑料材料與鋁合金材料的成本基本相同，但由于塑料進(jìn)氣歧管能夠一次成型，成型后的合格率高，而鑄造而成的鋁合金進(jìn)氣歧管毛坯的成品率要低很多，且其機(jī)加工費(fèi)用也相對(duì)較高，因此塑料進(jìn)氣歧管的生產(chǎn)成本通常比鋁合金進(jìn) 氣歧管低 20%35%。 目前，塑料進(jìn)氣歧管的首選材料是尼龍。尼龍的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是耐高溫、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性好，但其缺點(diǎn)是收縮率較大，耐乙二醇的性能也不太好，并且其吸水性太強(qiáng)，吸水后尼龍的強(qiáng)度會(huì)下降近 40%。因此，人們普遍使用增加了 25%35% 玻纖的 PA6 或 PA66 增強(qiáng)尼龍。尼龍?jiān)诩尤氩＠w后，其收縮率得到了明顯改善。對(duì)于內(nèi)部含冷卻水道的