李開復(fù)講如何成為成功的演說(shuō)家（全英文ppt，附帶語(yǔ)音材料）

How to Become A Good Speaker Kai-Fu Lee Corporate Vice President Microsoft Corporation Why Be a Good Speaker? “ The man who can think and does not know how to express what he thinks is at the level of him who cannot think.” Pericles Not just “presentation”, but also “ persuasion” Get peoples “mindshare” Influence a friend, colleague, or boss Tell people what you did, and why it matters Learn Speaking Skills What Youll Learn Today: Develop Key Point Organize Story Design Graphics Practice Talk Q&A Delivery Learn Speaking Skills First Topic: Learn Speaking Skills Develop Key Point Organize Story Design Graphics Practice Talk Q&A Delivery What Are Speaking Skills? Verbal (words spoken) Vocal (tone, range, appeal, credibility of voice) Visual (physical appearance, gestures, eye contact) 7% 38% 55% Delivery Skills Can be learned Most Important: Enthusiasm “ There is just one sure cure for bad speeches Get truly excited on the subject, and 99 percent of the faults of your speaking will disappear.” Robert Montgomery Dont accept a talk without enthusiasm Could be from interest, experience, environment Example: Martin Luther King I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up; live out the true meaning to its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal. Not how loud, but how sincere Verbal Skills Be Simple & Clear Be simple and clear! Dont ramble Stop to think if you need to Example one: Dan Quayle celebrates democracy Example two: Dan Quayle trying to say “A mind is a terrible thing to waste” Verbal Skills Use simple words Speaking is not like writing! Use simple words Dont use complex sentences Can you understand this: Text: The development of this frightful means of destruction was ardently demanded by the perils of the time and situation. Simultaneously, however, a new paradoxical situation has been. is upon us continually. One cannot defend oneself effectively any more. - Albert Einstein Vocal Skills : Play your voice Project & resonate your voice No “UM”s and “ER”s. (Pause instead) Tools: silence, loudness, intonation, speed “You are right. I am wrong.” Stalin to Trotsky “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” - John F. Kennedy “I welcome this kind of examination, because people have to know whether their president is a crook. Well, Im not a crook.” - Richard M. Nixon Dont overdo it! Vocal+Verbal : Words+Intonation John Kennedy: “You need to contribute to your country” “Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country”. Quayle vs. Benson Debate: Quayle: I have as much experience in the Congress as Jack Kennedy did when he sought the presidency. Answer 1: “Jack Kennedy is better than you.” Answer 2: Senator, I served with Jack Kennedy. I knew Jack Kennedy. Jack Kennedy was a friend of mine. Senator, youre no Jack Kennedy.“ Visual Skills US Election 1960 was won on visual skills Components of Visual Skills: Eyes Body Hands Face Visual Skills Eyes Look forward at audience (trust) Dont shift eyeballs; dont look in corner Dont look too much at computer screen or notes Look at peoples faces (not eyes) 3-6 seconds per person Shift randomly Nod, smile, use facial expression Visual Skills Body Stand up when talking Walk around = informal Dont: Rock, shake Lean too much Visual Skills Hands Gesture complements talk Should come naturally, without thinking Make sure they match! Need to exaggerate a little Especially with large audience Dont fidget or put in pocket Videotape whole talk & watch Can improve hand gesturing! Visual Skills Face Show emotion! Most of the time: “I care a lot about this.” “I really believe in this.” “I love my work.” Sometimes (in response to questions). “This is the most outrageous thing Ive ever heard.” “I will have nothing to do with this.” Learn Speaking Skills Next Topic: Develop the talk Develop Key Point Organize Story Design Graphics Practice Talk Q&A Delivery The Key Point: the Goal of the Talk The ONE clear walk-away message. The answer to the question: “How was the talk?” The one thing people remember in 3 months The Origin Point (Where the audience was) The Key Point (Where you took them) Persuasion Must Have Audience Benefit Put audience needs at heart “Whats in it for you?” Has to be their reason, not yours Must consider feeling, not just reaction Must have right “you” Good phrases to know: “This is important to you because” “Why am I telling you this? Because” “What does this mean for you? Let me tell you” Know your audience Experience, knowledge, attitude Learn Speaking Skills Next Topic: Develop Key Point Organize Story Design Graphics Practice Talk Q&A Delivery Organizing the Story Youre the salesman First lesson for salesmen: Tell them what youre going to say Say it Tell them what you said Opening Body Ending The Opening You never get a second chance to make a first impression Jerry Weissman The opening A question Factoid Anecdote Quotation Analogy Joke (make it relevant!) Customize the opening Lead to the Key Point Give a (very short) outline/overview The Body Brainstorming into data dump Connect the ideas into “main themes” Connect the teams using one logic flow Ready to write the slides? DONT! Data Dump Key point “How was the talk? Remember in 3 months Whats in it for you? Right you Audience benefit Audience feeling Good phrases to use 3-step salesman Opening Joke Relevant Quote Analogy Data dump brainstorming Connect to main themes Clusters Research background Transitions Repeat KP Issue / Action Problem / Solution Feature Benefit Chronological Flow Form / Function Opportunity / Leverage Everything a good idea main themes Ending & Main Themes The Flow Possible flows: Convincing logic & order Smooth transitions Keep repeating the Key Point! Spatial Numerical Chronological Compare / Contrast Problem / Solution Feature / Benefit (See “Presenting to Win” by Jerry Weissman for more examples) The Ending End with a BANG! “Tonight, we are a country awakened to danger and called to defend freedom. Our grief has turned to anger, and anger to resolution. Whether we bring our enemies to justice or bring justice to our enemies, justice will be served.” George W. Bush Repeat the Key Point “If you remember only one thing from this talk, then you should remember XXX” Say thank you Review of Organizing Your Story Opening Key Point Closing Key Point Flow Main Themes Theme 1 Issue Action Theme 2 Issue Action Data Dump Main Themes Body (Repeat Key Point) Tell them what youre going to say Say it Tell them what you said Learn Speaking Skills Next Topic: Develop Key Point Organize Story Design Graphics Practice Talk Q&A Delivery Design Graphics PowerPoint only supports your talk Spend more time on organization & delivery! Design principles Keep it simple Apply psychology Make it easy to follow Make it attractive Your titles should tell your story Why “Keep It Simple”? Aim to develop a consistent style, using the standard stylesheet whenever possible. One concept per slide. The font that is being used should be very large 24 point or larger. I will now use smaller fonts to prove to you that it is a major strain to your eyes to read small fonts. The color of the font and the background should be in sharp contrast. If one is light, then the other should be dark. Otherwise it will be very hard to read. The use of bullets should be simple. Too many bullets distracts the user from listening to you. 3 big sub-ideas (or bullets) is the most you should have. The entire slide should have fewer than 8 bullets and sub-bullets. I will add a few more bullets to show this is not a good idea And one more And one more Keep the language used simple, so that the user doesnt have to “think” to understand your point. Each bullet should fit in one line, because the idea of a bullet is to convey idea, headline, and server as a reminder (or cue) for you to describe and amplify. Parallel wording means the bullets are roughly parallel, and contain similar grammatical constructs. This can save the user a lot of time trying to “understand” what you said. Keep It Simple Consistent look One concept per slide Readable 20 point Avoid abbreviation Use shadow outline fonts Contrast font & background Dont leave too much blank space Keep It Simple : Bullets Headline, not sentence Reminder for you Concise 4 top-level bullets 10 total bullets & sub-bullets Simple language One line per bullet Parallel wording Whats wrong with this? A good speech Clear point Understands what audience wants Organization based on logic Powerful opening Ending that people remember Instead, do this. A good speech Clear point Appealing audience benefit Logical flow Powerful opening Strong close Apply Psychology to Design Dont fight natural eye movements Move left to right Return to upper left corner Sweep to lower right corner Subliminal hints Graphics to match your key point Anticipation Requirement Fast speed Low cost Easy to use Our Solution Apply Psychology to Design Dont fight natural eye movements Move left to right Return to upper left corner Sweep to lower right corner Subliminal hints Graphics to match your key point Anticipation Avoid bad signs Whats Wrong With This? Great financial results - Revenue reached $1,000,000 - Growth passed 20% - Profit exceeded $200,000 Instead, do this Great financial results Revenue reached $1,000,000 Growth passed 20% Profit exceeded $200,000 Whats Wrong With This? 0102030405060708090A c m e I B M D e l l HP A c e rRevenue Instead, do this 0102030405060708090A c e r HP D e l l I B M A c m eRevenue Make it Easy to Follow Use outline Highlight upcoming section Use builds Remind where you are General goal: Dont make the audience think (Other than what youre saying) Make It Attractive 20 hours on preparation 10 hours on practice Why not spend 1 hour on attractive design? Instead of doing this Cost Satisfaction Productivity Revenue Why not do this Instead of doing this Bill Gates Brilliant Technologist Steve Ballmer Powerful Salesman Steve Jobs Passionate Evangelist Lou Gerstner Logical Businessman Why not do this Bill Gates Steve Ballmer Steve Jobs Lou Gerstner Brilliant technologist Powerful salesman Passionate evangelist Logical Businessman Your Titles Should Tell the Story Body & hands Eyes Visual skills Play your voice Enthusiasm Vocal skills: Simple & Clear Verbal skills What are speaking skills? Speaking skills are important Learn speaking skills What youll learn today Why be a good speaker? Use simple words Words + intonation “ The man who can think and does not know how to express what he thinks is at the level of him who cannot think.” Pericles Not just “presentation”, but “persuasion” Influence a friend, colleague, or boss. Tell people what you did, and why it matters. Get peoples “mindshare”. Apply psychology to design Keep it simple PowerPoint only supports talk Design graphics The ending The flow Data dump & main themes The body Organizing the story Must have audience benefit Key point = Goal of the talk Develop Key Point Face The opening Review of organizing story Show emotion! Most of the time: “I care a lot about this.” “I really believe in this.” “I love my work.” Sometimes (in response to questions). “This is the most outrageous thing Ive ever heard.” “I will have nothing to do with this.” Conclusion Giving a good answer Opportunity to amplify Be yourself Audience participation Humor Overcoming nervousness Confidence & passion Delivery Rehearsing your delivery Practice your talk Make it attractive Make it easy to follow Overcoming language barrier Q&A Use outline Highlight upcoming section Use builds Remind where you are General goal: Dont make the audience think (Other than what youre saying) Learn Speaking Skills Next Topic: Develop Key Point Organize Story Design Graphics Practice Talk Q&A Delivery Rehearsing Your Content Prepare, prepare, prepare Customize the talk Within-talk references Repeat key point Repeat main themes Repeat your company (university) name Practice to use same word(s) per concept Practice transitions between slides Rehearsing Your Delivery Record & listen to every talk at least twice! Best : PowerPoint features OK : Tape recorder Get the timing right Running out of time is a disaster Practice to an audience or record video Ask experienced speaker to critique Record video for critique Learn Speaking Skills Next Topic: Develop Key Point Organize Story Design Graphics Practice Talk Q&A Delivery Delivering the Talk Confidence & passion Overcoming language barrier Overcoming nervousness Humor Audience participation Be yourself Confidence & Passion Make sure youre not too tired: Get enough sleep the previous night Drink (up to) 3 cups of coffee! No milk Stand on left side of screen Confidence & Passion Make sure youre not too tired: Get enough sleep the previous night Drink (up to) 3 cups of coffee! No milk Stand on left side of screen During your talk, do not apologize “Sorry Im behind on time” “Sorry this slide is so hard to read” Overcoming Language Barrier Know your limitations Dont use fancy words, complex sentences Dont take any chance of looking silly Prepare an outline/script Rehearse before the talk Dont have to use it Not OK to read your bullets But OK to read or memorize your speech Practice still required Proper vocal & visual skills still required Overcoming Nervousness “ Do the thing you fear and the death of fear is certain.” - Ralph Waldo Emerson It is possible to hide nervousness! Dont let the shaking show! Make a fist; hold the lectern Speak loudly Take a deep breath Dont have to