工程類(lèi)專(zhuān)業(yè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文翻譯--淺談房屋建筑施工中的質(zhì)量管理

1 Building construction quality management Abstract： adhere to the quality first, improve the management level, improve the quality of construction is the key, only to meet the required quality standards and user requirements under the premise of quality, time limit for a project, cost, to meet the requirements, to provide more high-quality, safe, economical and applicable building products. Based on this, the building construction quality management of. Key words: housing construction building construction quality management 1 strengthen training, selection of construction personnel is laying the quality control personnel foundation Engineering quality were all participants in the project construction technology management, operating personnel coordination work results, so construction workers is to form the main factor of project quality. To control the engineering quality first is the training and selection of construction personnel, improving their comprehensive quality. We should improve their quality awareness, according to comprehensive quality regardless of idea construction personnel must establish five concepts: the concept of quality first, pre-control priority idea, talk with data concept and social benefit and enterprise benefit and comprehensive benefit idea. The second is the construction of the technical quality of personnel, management, construction personnel should have higher quality planning and management capacity, production personnel should have superb technical ability, be strict in ones demands of the style of work, strict implementation of quality standards and procedures of the legal concept, service personnel should do good technology and service life, can be with excellent service indirectly to ensure engineering quality. 2 give full play to QC quality control function According to the anti-seizure combination, prevention first principle is carried out actively tell, help, anti, card scientific examination method, and the construction personnel together, common to the owners of construction process, responsible, quality control personnel, users, the construction personnel to establish new relations of cooperation, quality inspection staff and the construction site operations personnel is 2 consistent, it is to provide users with high quality, satisfaction of building products. But the construction production is busy, to snatch the project schedule is loosen quality management tendency occurs. This led to check the quality of the project is checked with contradictions between. To give full play to the initiative of the staff to check the quality of the project, it is necessary to establish the authority of the quality inspection personnel, it is very necessary and important. 3 following a case analysis gradually quality management, engineering survey: The territory of Hechi a building for the underground layer, on the ground twenty-two, twenty-five buildings, covers an area of 2550.4 square meters, building a total height of 79.950 meters, construction area of 4008 square meters underground, on the ground 36855 square meters, balcony area is 1570.1 square meters; the main design reasonable service life is 50 years; building fire grade two, seismic fortification intensity is 7 degrees, frame aseismic grade two; the ground floor to the ground floor three layer 2-A axis 2-6 axis and 2-17 axis short limb shear wall seismic rating for a class, the rest of shear wall seismic grade two. The project uses the base form of prestressed high-strength concrete pipe pile, structure type for the cast-in-place reinforced concrete frame shear wall structure. 4 construction management On the construction quality management, mainly involves three aspects, one is about the design, survey and document review management. On design, reconnaissance unit quality behavior and results of the activities of the supervision, the emphasis is placed on the design, survey and document review supervisory control. If the violation of the relevant laws, regulations and mandatory standards for the design and survey documents, can be through direct economic penalties and legal sanctions, enabling direct responsibility assumed by the error caused by negligence or intentional quality responsibility. Two of the activities of the bidding management, focuses on the construction bidding supervision, market supervision and quality supervision the effective integration, through the quality supervision to promote the market competition and standardization of the benign operation, effectively through market operation, to ensure the validity of quality supervision. Three is the text of the contract supervision, is the focus of construction contract supervision, quality management standardization and legalization to fulfil the terms of the contract, the legal effect of contract binding the construction quality and results. By analyzing the three 3 aspects of examination and supervision, to achieve the governments construction quality of the implementation process control and supervision. Before the construction, in the final analysis is the emphasis of quality management for owners of quality behavior management, because the owner of all these activities of the organizers, decision makers, which is the standard construction owner quality behavior and results of the activities of the important measures. 5 construction management 5.1 Lraw materials quality control Material quality engineering construction quality is the key, use of raw materials does not meet the requirements of engineering, engineering quality can not meet the requirements. Therefore, in the construction quality control of stop before construction on material quality control, to ensure the quality of materials, in order to improve construction quality. For the control of materials, first of all to the common material supply necessary audit, select qualified suppliers for the supply of materials. Secondly, to approach the necessary inspection of raw materials, including: quality inspection report of the inspection, the inspection of appearance, physical and chemical inspection inspection. Through a series of tests to ensure the quality of the raw materials entering. 5.2 procedures and time limit control To implement the handover inspection system, on the procedures of unqualified shall enter into next working procedure construction. At the same time construction quality affected by seasons, the reasonable arrangement of construction schedule is to ensure the engineering quality are important measures, and blindly rush period will inevitably lead to serious consequences. Quality control step is to establish quality control, selected key and key technology to undertake the key is checked, the two is to strengthen the operation of the management, project quality is good or bad, depends to some extent on the construction of personnel operation level. 5.3 increase on-site inspections Quality management in the construction site should strive to grasp first-hand information, and strive to achieve the timely control, for the occurrence of the problem must accomplish early discovery, early correction of bad old practices die hard, avoid, avoid large loss. For example, in the masonry tie bar examination, if taken after the completion of a masonry opening examination, is not easy to check, and to identify the 4 problems are also difficult to remedy, but in the on-site inspection in a timely manner to solve, can avoid bigger loss, but also easy to get the cooperation. The entity quality inspection methods should adopt scientific monitoring instruments and equipment, to provide accurate, reliable and convincing data, strengthen the government engineering quality supervision and inspection of scientific and authoritative. Through the supervision, to ensure the implementation of mandatory standards, ensure the construction of law, regulations and standard carry out, from macroscopical overall grasp the construction project quality and structure safety. In addition, in strengthening program management at the same time, we must strengthen the technical control. Technology control method using standard evaluation method is better. Evaluation of standard methods are mainly as follows: one is the on site quality assurance condition examination and evaluation, two is the completion of the project the detection results of the examination and evaluation, three is on site quality assurance data examination and evaluation, four of engineering entity size deviation of the measured, five is for the completion of engineering the macro visual inspection evaluation. 5.4 after the completion of the management After the completion of the quality management of construction projects is put into use check management. First of all to ensure that do not meet the quality standards of the project can not be put into use, avoid inferior project to the state and public users cause direct harm and influence. The second is the decoration, repair and maintenance of quality supervision in construction project whole life quality management category : one is to eliminate or reduce due to renovation, maintenance process caused by irregularities on the construction engineering foundation, body structure and environmental quality, damage, cause quality accident. Two is prevented due to repair, maintenance quality is not up to the requirements to the state and public users production and living environment caused by direct damage. At this stage of the supervision should be emphasized good two close: it is strictly for its completion and acceptance review, supervision, to ensure that the registration of the reliability, authority and effectiveness. Two is to enhance the decoration, maintenance of quality management in the process, so that construction project whole life quality objectives are effective implementation, for users to create a safe, comfortable, healthy production, living environment, so that the construction quality and realizing the sustainable development. Advocating and implementing project quality insurance, the 5 project quality management into economic management category, to solve engineering after the delivery of quality problem tenants to find the responsible party for any menace from the rear. This phase is the project by construction to use or production of mark; is on engineering quality inspection the necessary link; is the guarantee contract task is finished in the round, improve project quality level of final checks. The unit after the completion of the project, must undertake the final inspection and test. Unit engineering technical person in charge should be prepared for the demands of information collected materials, equipment, component quality certificate of materials, a variety of material test data, record of concealed work, construction records records. By the technical director of project organization project technology, quality, production and other relevant professional and technical personnel to the scene inspection and evaluation. To identify the construction quality defects should be corrected, and should be corrected once again after the verification to demonstrate conformity. To ensure engineering quality accord with mandatory standard design documents and the requirements of the contract, the employer, the Ministry of supervision of the project completion report. Attended by the construction unit of the organization of the main parties involved in the completion of initial inspection, acceptance procedure. ending Project, quality, the quality of housing construction related to peoples daily life and the safety of life and property. In recent years, the housing quality problems have already become the focus of public attention, annual 3.15 consumer rights day, China Consumers Association published by consumer complaints the largest of the ten major categories of commodities, the housing quality problems at the front. Therefore, construction management in many aspects, quality management is the key and core. Only do a good job in building engineering construction quality planning and housing construction quality control, to create more quality engineering. Reference. 1 Building Engineering ( Construction Management ) J. Journal of Taizhou Polytechnic College. 6 2 Wang Yan. Paying attention to construction management two pieces of skins phenomenon J . Management of construction enterprises. 3 Lin Yihong, Li Yuanying. To improve construction quality several ponders J . Shanxi building, 2005, 31 ( 1): 127-128. 4 Bu Narui, Wang Liwen, Li Wanqin. Discussion on construction management J. Journal of Hebei Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering, 2002, ( 02). Hu Zhenghua 5. The era of knowledge economy the construction management J . Parathion design and powder engineering, 2005, ( 06). 6.Zheng Jingqiu.Infuluencing the contrcution qulity of Engineering five fsctorsJ . Shanxi building.2005,31( 1):135-136. 7 淺談房屋建筑施 工中的質(zhì)量管理 摘要： 堅(jiān)持質(zhì)量第一、提高管理水平 ,是提高建筑工程質(zhì)量關(guān)鍵之所在 ,只有在符合規(guī)定的質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和用戶(hù)要求的前提下 ,滿(mǎn)足質(zhì)量、工期、成本等要求 ,才能為社會(huì)提供更多的優(yōu)質(zhì)、安全、經(jīng)濟(jì)適用的建筑產(chǎn)品。本文基于此 ,對(duì)房屋建筑施工中的質(zhì)量管理進(jìn)行了相關(guān)探討。 關(guān)鍵詞： 房屋建筑 建筑施工 質(zhì)量管理 1 強(qiáng)化培訓(xùn)、優(yōu)選施工人員是奠定質(zhì)量控制的人才基礎(chǔ) 工程質(zhì)量是所有參加工程項(xiàng)目施工的技術(shù)管理干部、操作人員協(xié)調(diào)工作的結(jié)果，所以施工人員是形成工程質(zhì)量的主要因素。要控制工程質(zhì)量首先是培訓(xùn)和優(yōu)選施工人員，提高 他們的綜合素質(zhì)。首先應(yīng)提高他們的質(zhì)量意識(shí)，按照全面質(zhì)量不管的觀念施工人員必須樹(shù)立五大觀念：質(zhì)量第一的觀念、預(yù)控為主的觀念、用數(shù)據(jù)說(shuō)話的觀念以及社會(huì)效益與企業(yè)效益并重的綜合效益觀念。其次是施工人員的技術(shù)素質(zhì)，管理干部、施工人員都應(yīng)具有較高的進(jìn)行質(zhì)量規(guī)劃和目標(biāo)管理的能力，生產(chǎn)人員則應(yīng)具有精湛的技術(shù)能力，一絲不茍的工作作風(fēng)，嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和操作規(guī)程的法制觀念，服務(wù)人員則應(yīng)做好技術(shù)和生活服務(wù)，能以出色的服務(wù)間接地保證工程質(zhì)量。 2 充分發(fā)揮質(zhì)檢人員質(zhì)量檢查控制作用 按照“防檢結(jié)合，預(yù)防為主”的原則積極推行“講、幫 、防、卡”的科學(xué)檢查方法，與施工人員一道，共同對(duì)業(yè)主，對(duì)下道施工工序負(fù)責(zé)，質(zhì)檢人員、用戶(hù)、施工人員要建立新型的合作關(guān)系，質(zhì)量檢查人員和施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)作業(yè)人員目標(biāo)是一致的，都是為向用戶(hù)提供高質(zhì)量，滿(mǎn)意的建筑產(chǎn)品。但施工生產(chǎn)較忙的時(shí)候，為搶工程進(jìn)度就放松質(zhì)量管理的傾向時(shí)有發(fā)生。這導(dǎo)致了工程質(zhì)量檢查與被檢查之間產(chǎn)生矛盾。要充分發(fā)揮工程質(zhì)量檢查人員的積極性，就要樹(shù)立質(zhì)量檢查人員的權(quán)威性，這是十分必要和重要的。 3 以一案例逐步剖析質(zhì)量管理，工程概況 河池境內(nèi)某大廈工程為地下一層、地上二十二、二十五層建筑 ,占地面積為2550.4平方米 ,建筑總高度為 79.950米 ,建筑面積為地下 4008平方米 ,地上 36855平方米 ,陽(yáng)臺(tái)面積為 1570.1平方米 ;設(shè)計(jì)主體合理使用年限為 50年 ;建筑耐火等級(jí)二級(jí) ,抗震設(shè)防烈度為 7度 ,框架抗震等級(jí)二級(jí) ;地下一層至地上三層 2-A軸交 2-6軸及 2-17 8 軸上的短肢剪力墻抗震等級(jí)為一級(jí) ,其余剪力墻抗震等級(jí)為二級(jí)。該工程采用基礎(chǔ)形式為預(yù)應(yīng)力高強(qiáng)混凝土管樁 ,結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型為現(xiàn)澆鋼筋砼框架 -剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)。 4 施工前的管理 對(duì)施工前的質(zhì)量管理 ,主要涉及三個(gè)方面 ,一是對(duì)有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)、勘察文件審查的管理。對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)、勘察單位的質(zhì)量行 為和活動(dòng)結(jié)果的監(jiān)督 ,重點(diǎn)是放在對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)、勘察文件的審查監(jiān)督把關(guān)上。一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)其違犯有關(guān)法律、法規(guī)和強(qiáng)制性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的設(shè)計(jì)和勘察文件 ,可以通過(guò)直接的經(jīng)濟(jì)處罰和法律制裁 ,使直接責(zé)任主體承擔(dān)由其失誤疏忽或有意所造成的質(zhì)量責(zé)任。二是對(duì)招投標(biāo)活動(dòng)的管理 ,重點(diǎn)是施工招投標(biāo)的監(jiān)督 ,實(shí)現(xiàn)市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督與質(zhì)量監(jiān)督的有效結(jié)合 ,通過(guò)質(zhì)量監(jiān)督審查促進(jìn)市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的規(guī)范化和良性運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) ,通過(guò)市場(chǎng)有效運(yùn)作 ,保證質(zhì)量監(jiān)督的有效性。三是對(duì)合同文本的監(jiān)督 ,重點(diǎn)是施工合同的監(jiān)督 ,把質(zhì)量管理的規(guī)范化和法制化落實(shí)到合同條款中 ,以合同的法律效力約束各建設(shè)主體的質(zhì)量行為和活 動(dòng)結(jié)果。通過(guò)對(duì)這三方面的內(nèi)容的審查監(jiān)督 ,實(shí)現(xiàn)政府對(duì)建設(shè)工程質(zhì)量實(shí)施過(guò)程的預(yù)控監(jiān)督。施工前質(zhì)量管理的重點(diǎn)歸根到底是對(duì)業(yè)主質(zhì)量行為的管理 ,因?yàn)闃I(yè)主是所有這些活動(dòng)的組織者、決策者 ,這也是規(guī)范建設(shè)業(yè)主質(zhì)量行為和活動(dòng)結(jié)果的重要措施。 5 施工中的管理 5.1 原材料質(zhì)量控制 材料質(zhì)量是工程施工質(zhì)量的關(guān)鍵 ,工程使用原材料不符合規(guī)定 ,工程質(zhì)量不可能符合要求。因此 ,在工程施工質(zhì)量控制中不許再施工前對(duì)材料進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制 ,保證材料質(zhì)量 ,以此提高工程施工質(zhì)量。對(duì)于材料的控制 ,首先要對(duì)材料供應(yīng)常見(jiàn)進(jìn)行必要的審核 ,選擇具有資質(zhì)的供應(yīng) 廠家進(jìn)行材料的供應(yīng)。其次 ,要對(duì)進(jìn)場(chǎng)原料進(jìn)行必要的檢驗(yàn) ,包括 :質(zhì)量檢驗(yàn)報(bào)告單的檢查、外觀的檢查、理化檢驗(yàn)的檢查等等。通過(guò)一系列的檢驗(yàn)來(lái)保證進(jìn)場(chǎng)原料的質(zhì)量。 5.2 工序與工期控制 要落實(shí)交接檢制度 ,上道工序不合格不得進(jìn)入下一道工序施工。同時(shí)建筑工程質(zhì)量受季節(jié)影響 ,合理安排施工進(jìn)度是保證工程質(zhì)量的重要措施 ,而盲目搶工期必然造成嚴(yán)重后果。實(shí)現(xiàn)質(zhì)量控制步驟一是設(shè)立質(zhì)量控制點(diǎn) ,選定關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)和重點(diǎn)工藝進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)檢查 ,二是強(qiáng)化對(duì)操作人員的管理 ,工程質(zhì)量的好與壞 ,在一定程度上取決于施工人員的操作水平的高低。 5.3 加大現(xiàn)場(chǎng)巡 查力度 1） 質(zhì)量管理人