PLC在冰蓄冷中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)控制中的應(yīng)用#中英文翻譯#外文翻譯匹配

外文翻譯資料 1 PLC in the ice storage central air-conditioning system of control PLC 在冰蓄冷中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)控制中的應(yīng)用 1 Introduction 引言 In PLC in 30 years which developed, it passes through develops unceasingly, already could unify simulates I/O, the network corresponds as well as uses new programming standard like IEC 61131-3. However, engineers only must use digital I/O and few simulations I/O number as well as simple programming skill on potential 80% industrial application 在 PLC 被開發(fā)出來的三十年里，它經(jīng)過不斷地發(fā)展，已經(jīng)能結(jié)合模擬I/O，網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信以及采用新的編程標(biāo) 準如 IEC 61131-3。然而，工程師們只需利用數(shù)字 I/O 和少量的模擬 I/O 數(shù)以及簡單的編程技巧就可開發(fā)出 80%的工業(yè)應(yīng)用 . PLC has been widely used in all industrial sectors. According to The United States market information World PLC and software market report, in 1995 the global software PLC and its economies of scale of about 5 billion US dollars 5. As electronic technology and the development of computer technology, PLC已經(jīng)廣泛的應(yīng)用在所有的工業(yè)部門。據(jù) “ 美國市場信息 ” 的世界 PLC以及軟件市場報告稱， 1995年全球 PLC及其軟件的市場經(jīng)濟規(guī)模約 50億美元 5。隨著電子技術(shù)和計算機技術(shù)的發(fā)展， PLC的功能得到大大的增強， Because uses traditional the tool to be possible to solve 80% industrial application, like this intensely needs to have low cost simple PLC; Thus promoted the low cost miniature PLC growth, it has the useful trapezoidal logical programming digital I/O. However, this has also created the discontinuity in the control technology, on the one hand 80% application need to use the simple low cost controller, but on the other hand other 20% application then have surpassed the function which the tradition control system can provide. Engineer is developing these 20% application to need to have the higher circulation speed, the senior control algorithm, the more simulations function as 外文翻譯資料 2 well as can well and the enterprise network integration. 由于采用傳統(tǒng)的工具可以解決 80%的工業(yè)應(yīng)用，這樣就強烈地需要有低成本簡單的 PLC；從而促進了低成本微型 PLC 的增 長，它帶有用梯形邏輯編程的數(shù)字I/O。然而，這也在控制技術(shù)上造成了不連續(xù)性，一方面 80%的應(yīng)用需要使用簡單的低成本控制器，而另一方面其它的 20%應(yīng)用則超出了傳統(tǒng)控制系統(tǒng)所能提供的功能。工程師在開發(fā)這些 20%的應(yīng)用需要有更高的循環(huán)速率，高級控制算法，更多模擬功能以及能更好地和企業(yè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)集成。 In 80 and the 90s, these must develop 20% application engineers had considered uses PC in the industry control. PC provides the software function may carry out the senior task, provides the rich programming and the user environment, and the PC COTS part enables control engineer the technology which develops unceasingly to use in other applications. These technologies including floating point processor; High speed I/O main line, like PCI and ethernet; Fixed data memory; software development kit. Moreover PC also can provide the incomparable flexibility, highly effective software as well as senior low cost hardware. 在八十和九十年代，那些要開發(fā) “20% 應(yīng)用 ” 的工程師們已考慮在工業(yè)控制中使用 PC。 PC 所提供的軟件功能可以執(zhí)行高級任務(wù)，提供豐富的圖形化編程和用戶環(huán)境，并且 PC 的 COTS 部件使控制工程師能把不斷發(fā)展的技術(shù)用于其它應(yīng)用。這些技術(shù)包括浮點處理器；高速 I/O 總線，如 PCI 和以太網(wǎng)；固定數(shù)據(jù)存儲器；圖形化軟件開發(fā)工具。而且 PC 還能提供無比的靈活性，高效的軟件以及高級的低成本硬件。 Ice thermal storage air conditioning is the central power grid could be redundant-night ice electricity in the form of cold storage, in the daytime peak hours of electricity to provide air-conditioning services melting ice. As most parts of our country at night than during the day much lower price, using ice cold storage central air-conditioning can greatly reduce user operating costs. 冰蓄冷中央空調(diào)是將電網(wǎng)夜間谷荷多余電力以冰的冷量形式儲存起來，在白天用電高峰時將冰融化提供空調(diào)服務(wù)。由于我國大部分地區(qū)夜間電價比白天低得多，所以采用冰儲冷中央空調(diào)能大大減少用戶的運行費用 Ice storage central air-conditioning system configuration of equipment 外文翻譯資料 3 than conventional air conditioning system to increase some, require a higher degree of automation, but it automatically to meet the requirements of the air-conditioned buildings all day every day under the conditions of the energy he has exhausted all, the biggest limits to save operating costs. 冰蓄冷中央空調(diào)是將電網(wǎng)夜間谷荷多余電力以冰的冷量形式儲存起來，在白天用電高峰時將冰融化提供空 調(diào)服務(wù)。由于我國大部分地區(qū)夜間電價比白天低得多，所以采用冰儲冷中央空調(diào)能大大減少用戶的運行費用 the PLC functions are greatly enhanced, with the following characteristics: 具有以下特點： (1) high reliability. PLC benefited from the high-reliability hardware and software on a series of anti-jamming measures and the cycle of its special scanning methods of work. 可靠性高。 PLC 的高可靠性得益于軟、硬件上一系列的抗干擾措施和它特殊的周期循環(huán)掃描工作方式。 (2) with rich I / O interface module. PLC for different industrial field signal and the corresponding I / O modules and industrial devices or equipment at the scene of a direct connection. In addition to improving performance, it also has a variety of man-machine dialogue interface modules to the industrial composition of local area networks, it also multiple communications network interface module. 具有豐富的 I/O 接口模塊。 PLC 針對不同的工業(yè)現(xiàn)場信號，有相應(yīng)的 I/O 模塊與工業(yè)現(xiàn)場的器件或設(shè)備直接連接。另外為了提高操作性能，它還有多種人機對話的接口模塊；為了組成工業(yè)局部網(wǎng)絡(luò)，它還有多種通訊聯(lián)網(wǎng)的接口模塊。 (3) modular structure. To meet the needs of various industrial control, in addition to a small PLC unit, the vast majority of PLC are modular structure. PLC various components, including the CPU, power supply, I / O, etc. is modular in design from the rack and cables will connect each module, the systems size and function in accordance with the needs of users of its own portfolio. 采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)。為了適應(yīng)各種工業(yè)控制需要，除了單元式 的小型 PLC 以外，外文翻譯資料 4 絕大多數(shù) PLC 均采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)。 PLC 的各個部件，包括 CPU、電源、 I/O 等均采用模塊化設(shè)計，由機架及電纜將各模塊連接起來，系統(tǒng)的規(guī)模和功能可根據(jù)用戶的需要自行組合。 (4) easy to learn programming. Most of the PLC programming relay control circuit similar to the ladder diagram form, the user, do not have computer expertise, it is easy to general engineering and technical personnel understand and master. 編程簡單易學(xué)。 PLC 的編程大多采用類似于繼電器控制線路的梯形圖形式，對使用者來說，不需要具備計算機的專門知識，因此很容易被一般工程技術(shù)人員所理解和掌握。 (5) Installation is simple and easy maintenance. PLC does not require specialized equipment room in a variety of industrial environments can be directly run. Various modules are run and fault indication devices, user-friendly understanding of the operation and find fault. The modular structure, so any failure of a module, users can replace the module, allowing the system to rapidly resume operation. 安裝簡單，維修方便。 PLC 不需要專門的機房，可以在各種工業(yè)環(huán)境下直接運行。各種模塊上均有運行和故障指示裝置，便于用戶了解運行情況和查找故障。由于采用模塊化結(jié)構(gòu)，因此一旦某模塊發(fā)生故障，用戶可以通過更換模塊的方法，使系統(tǒng)迅速恢復(fù)運行 2 control system 控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu) The control system consists of the crew (Floor Control Workstation) and PC (central management workstation), with the crew using programmable logic controller (PLC) with the touch screen, PC using industrial-grade computers and printers, system configuration necessary if the annex communications equipment interfaces, network interface cards, modems and so on, to achieve the parameters of the storage system and intelligent automatic operation. 控制系統(tǒng)由下位機（現(xiàn)場控制工作站）與上位機（中央管理工作站）組成，下位機采用可編程序控制器（ PLC）與觸摸屏，上位機采用工業(yè)級計算機與打印外文翻譯資料 5 機，系統(tǒng)配置必要的附件如通信設(shè)備接口、網(wǎng)卡、調(diào)制解調(diào)器等，實現(xiàn)蓄冷系統(tǒng)的參數(shù)化與全自動智能化運行。 Under the crew at the scene and touch-screen systems can control, parameter settings and data. PC remote management and print, it contains the crew and all of the features touch screen. Following the system as a whole crew of industrial programmable logic controller as the core, to achieve automatic control. Control equipment and devices including: detection sensor components, electric valves, converter, etc. 下位機和觸摸屏在現(xiàn)場可以進行系統(tǒng)控制、參數(shù)設(shè)置和數(shù)據(jù)顯示。上位機進行遠程管理和打印，它包含下位機和觸摸屏的所有功能。整個系統(tǒng)以下位機的工業(yè)級可編程序控制器為核心，實現(xiàn)自動化控制?？刂圃O(shè)備與器件包括：傳感檢測元件、電動閥、變頻器等。 Under the 2.1-Systems (Regional workstations) 下位機系統(tǒng)（區(qū)域工作站） 2.1.1 TP21 touch screen TP21觸摸屏 TP27 used as a color touch-screen operator panel, completely replace conventional button, lights device, the control cabinet interviewed more tidy. Moreover, TP27 touch screen at the scene showed that the state can be realized, system settings, mode selection, parameter setting, fault recording, record load, time-of-day, real-time data, load curve and reporting statistics, and other functions, Chinese intuitive and friendly user interface. 采用 TP27彩色觸摸屏作為操作面板，完全取代常規(guī)的開關(guān)按鈕、指示燈等器件，使控制柜面談得更整潔。并且， TP27觸摸屏在現(xiàn)場可實現(xiàn)狀態(tài)顯示、系統(tǒng)設(shè)置、模式選擇、參數(shù)設(shè)置、故障記錄、負荷記錄、時間日期、實時數(shù)據(jù)顯示、負荷曲線與報表統(tǒng)計等功能，中文操作界面直觀友好。 2.1.2 SIEMENS PLC SIEMENS 可編程序控制器 SIMATIC S7-300 Series PLC applied to all walks of life, all kinds of occasions in the detection, monitoring and control automation, its powerful features to both operate independently, or linked to a network able to achieve complex control functions. SIMATIC S7-300 系列 PLC 適用于各行各業(yè)、各種場合中的檢測、監(jiān)測及控外文翻譯資料 6 制的自動化，其強大功能使其無論在獨立運行中，或相連成網(wǎng)絡(luò)皆能實現(xiàn)復(fù)雜控制功能。 The product features photoelectric isolation, and high electromagnetic compatibility; high industrial applicability, allowing the ambient temperature of 60 ; has a strong anti-jamming and anti-vibration and impact resistance, in the harsh environment of the work has been widely applications. 該產(chǎn)品具有光電隔離，高電磁兼容；具有很高的工業(yè)適用性，允許的環(huán)境溫度達 60 ；具有很強的抗干擾、抗振動與抗沖擊性能，因此在嚴酷的工作環(huán)境中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。 I also means freedom of communications S7-300 PLC, a very unique features, it makes S7-300 PLC with any communication protocol can open other equipment, communications controller, or PLC S7-300 can be defined by the users themselves communications protocols (for example ASCII protocol), baud rate of 1.5 Mbit / s (adjustable). Thus the scope of the communications can be greatly increased, the control system configuration more flexible and convenient. Any serial interface with peripherals, such as: printer or bar code readers, the drive, a modem (Modem), the upper PC can be connected to the machine. Users can program to develop communication protocol to exchange data (such as: ASCII character code), RS232 interface with the equipment available PC / PPI free cable linking communications communication. 自由通訊口方式也是 S7-300 型 PLC 的一個很有特色的功能，它使 S7-300型 PLC 可以與任何通訊協(xié)議公開的其它設(shè)備、控制器進行通訊，即 S7- 300 型PLC 可以由用戶自己定義通訊協(xié)議（ 例 ASCII 協(xié)議），波特率為 1.5Mbit/s（可調(diào)整）。因此使可通訊的范圍大大增加，使控制系統(tǒng)配置更加靈活、方便。任何具有串行接口的外設(shè)，例如：打印機或條形碼閱讀器、變頻器、調(diào)制解調(diào)器（ Modem）、上位 PC 機等都可連接使用。用戶可通過編程來編制通訊協(xié)議、交換數(shù)據(jù)（例如： ASCII 碼字符），具有 RS232 接口的設(shè)備也可用 PC/PPI 電纜連接起來進行自由通訊方式通訊。 Chip and Chip Holders 芯片和芯片插座 lntegrated Circuis are usually called Ics orchips. Thay are complex circuits, 外文翻譯資料 7 which have benn etched onto tiny chips of semiconductor(silicon). The chip is packaged in a plastic holder with pins spaced on a 0.1(2.54mm)grid, whichwill fit the holes on stipboard. Very fine wires inisde the package link the chip to the pins. 集成電路是把復(fù)雜電路刻蝕到微小的半導(dǎo)體硅芯片上，故常稱做芯片，雙列直插式芯片是用塑料封裝且兩側(cè)帶有間隔為 0 1 英寸的引腳，這些引腳可以插在焊接電路板上或面包板上，封裝內(nèi)部有很細的線把這些引腳與芯片連接。 Pin numbers 引腳的數(shù)目 The pins are numbered anti-clockwise around the IC(chip) starting near the notch or dot. It shows the numbering for 8-pin and 14-pin Ics, but the principle is the same for all sizes. 引腳是用數(shù)字從一個缺口或一個圓孔開始逆時針編號的，如一個 8 腳和一個 14 腳的芯片的引腳編號，對所有的尺寸芯片都是這樣編號的 1) Chip holders(DIL sockets) 芯片插座 ICs(chip)are easily damageded by heat when soldering and their short pins cannot be protected with a heat sink. Instead we use a chip holder, strictly called a DIL socket(DIL=Dual In-Line), which can be safely soldered onto the circuit board. The chip is pushed into the holder when all solding is complete. 芯片焊接時受熱容易壞掉，它們短短的引腳也不能用散熱片保護，我們用新片插座來保護，嚴格上應(yīng)該稱為雙列直插插座，可以先把插座焊接到電路板上，再把芯片插入插座。 Chip holders are only nedded when solding so they are not used on breaboards. 只有當(dāng)需要焊接時才用芯片插座，用面包板搭電路時不用插座 。 Commercially produced circuit boards often have chips soldered directly to the board without a chip holder ,usually this is done by a machine which is able to work very quickly .Please donnot attemp to do this yourself because you are likely to destory the chip and it will be different to remove without damage by de-soldering 實際產(chǎn)品的電路中通常不用插座而是把芯片直接焊接在電路板上的，外文翻譯資料 8 因為實際產(chǎn)品是用機器焊接的，焊接速度很快（不會損壞芯片）。你 不要這樣做，因為可能會損壞芯片，而且在調(diào)試時要移去芯片，而焊住的芯片要取下且不損壞芯片是很難的。 2) Removing a chip from its holder 從插座上拔出芯片 If you need to remove a chip it can be gently prized out of the holder with a small flat-blade screwdriver. Carefully lever up each end by inserting the screwdriver blade between the chip and its holder and gently twisting the screwdrive. Take care to statre lifting at both ends before you attempt to remove the chip,otherwise you will bend and possibly break the pins. 如果你要取下一個芯片，你可以用一個小平口螺絲刀輕輕地把芯片從插座中拔出。仔細地在兩 端把平口螺絲刀插入芯片與插座之間，輕輕地翹起芯片，注意要分別在兩端口起翹，否則會把引腳弄彎甚至折斷 3） Bipolar Integrated Circuits MOS Integrated Circuits 雙集型（晶體管）集成電路和 MOS 集成電路 Historically, bipolar Integrated Circuits used to be much more popular than MOS Integrated Circuits,particularly for small-sace logic Circuits. There were two major reasons for this: first, bipolar-junction transistors originally could be manufactured more reliably than MOS transistors,and second , they were faster, As the reliabitity of MOS transistors improved, and as integrated Circuits became more complex , which made the lower power and small size of MOS logic more important, the popularity of BJT logic decreased, however, BJT technology is still popular for the highest frequency logic circuits. 歷史上，雙集型集成電路曾比 MOS 集成電路更普及，尤其是對小規(guī)模集成邏輯電路而言。主要有兩個 ，一個是最初雙晶體管（即三極管）要比 MOS 更可靠，其次是三極管速度比 MOS 管快。但隨著 MOS 管的可靠性的改進以及集成電路變的越來月復(fù)雜，使得 MOS 邏輯電路的體積小及損耗功率小的這兩個優(yōu)點顯得更重要了，雙極型邏輯電路的使用也減少了，然而雙極型晶體管集成電路技術(shù)在高頻邏輯電路中仍有用。 When the PC offline, under the control of the next crew, the entire 外文翻譯資料 9 system can operate normally. 當(dāng)上位機脫機時，在下位機控制下，整個系統(tǒng)能正常運行 PC System 2.2 (central management workstation) 2.2 上位機系統(tǒng)（中央管理工作站） PC 2.2.1 2.2.1 上位機 PC that is by control centre, mainly by the PC and laser printer components, SIMATIC WINCC software platform used by the entire Chinese user interface, friendly man-machine dialogue. Management and operation, can be observed by PC-display all kinds of information to understand the current and previous controlled the entire ice storage system and the operation of all parameters, and equipment through the mouse print management and the implementation of tasks. 上位機即圖文控制中心，主要由 PC機和激光打印機組成，采用SIMATIC WINCC軟件平臺，采用全中文操作界面，人機對話友好。管理人員和操作者，可以通過觀察 PC機所顯示的各種信息來了解當(dāng)前和以往整個冰蓄冷自控系統(tǒng)的運行情況和所有參數(shù)，并且通過鼠標(biāo)進行設(shè)備管理和執(zhí)行打印任務(wù)。 2.2.2 WINCC software platform 2.2.2 WINCC 軟件平臺 WINCC software in the field of automation can be used for all operator control and monitoring tasks. Process control can be in the events clearly show, can show that the current state records in accordance with the order, all the recorded data can be displayed or select summary form, or may be required for editing, and output print statements and trends . WINCC 軟件在自動化領(lǐng)域中可用于所有的操作員控制和監(jiān)控任務(wù)?？蓪⑦^程控制中發(fā)生的事件清楚地顯示出來，可顯示當(dāng)前狀態(tài)并按順序記錄，所記錄的數(shù)據(jù)可以全部顯示或選擇簡要形式顯示，可連續(xù)或按要求編輯，并可輸出打印報表和趨勢圖。 WINCC able to control the process of the critical early stages of the report, and the signal can be displayed on the screen, and can also use voice demonstrated. It support the use of on-line help and operational guidelines to eliminate fault. WINCC a specialized workstations can be used to control the process so that the important process information is not shielded. - Aided 外文翻譯資料 10 software strategy assurance process is not illegal access, and provide for the industrial environment no wrong in the operation. WINCC 能夠在控制過程中危急情況的初發(fā)階段進行報告，發(fā)出的信號既可以在屏幕上顯示出來，也可以用聲音表現(xiàn)出來。它支持用在線幫助和操作指南來消除故障。某一 WINCC 工作站可專門用于過程控制以使那些重要的過程信息不被屏蔽。軟件輔助操作策略保證過程不被非法訪問，并提供用于工業(yè)環(huán)境中的無錯操作 。 WINCC is MICRSOFT WINDOWS98 or WINDOWS NT4.0 operating system, running on a PC object-oriented class 32 applications, through Windows OLE and ODBC standard mechanism, as an ideal communications partners to enter WINDOWS world, and therefore can be easily WINCC to integrate a company-wide data processing system. WINCC 是 MICRSOFT WINDOWS98或 WINDOWS NT4.0操作系統(tǒng)下，在 PC機上運行的面向?qū)ο蟮囊涣?32位應(yīng)用軟件，通過 OLE和 ODBC視窗標(biāo)準機制，作為理想的通訊伙伴進入 WINDOWS世界，因此 WINCC可容易地結(jié)合到全公司的數(shù)據(jù)處理系統(tǒng)中。 3 ice storage system control 冰蓄冷系統(tǒng)的控制 3.1 control objectives, scope and mainly controlled equipment 控制目的、范圍及主要受控設(shè)備 Storage Control System control purposes: Through the refrigeration host, ice storage devices, plate heat exchanger, the system pumps, cooling towers, piping system regulating valve control, ice storage system adjustment of the status of the operation mode, in the most economical circumstances to the terminal to provide a stable water supply temperature. At the same time, improve the level of automation, improve the management efficiency and reduce labor intensity management. 蓄冷控制系統(tǒng)控制目的：通過對制冷主機、儲冰裝置、板式熱交換器、系統(tǒng)水泵、冷卻塔、系統(tǒng)管路調(diào)節(jié)閥進行控制，調(diào)整儲冰系統(tǒng)各應(yīng)用工況的運行模式，在最經(jīng)濟的情況下給末端提供一穩(wěn)定的供水溫度。同時，提高系統(tǒng)的自動化水平，提高系統(tǒng)的管理效率和降低管理勞動強度。 外文翻譯資料 11 Control of the ice storage system, including the entire state of the parameters, equipment status and control, the main control equipment: duplex status console, electric valves, cooling towers, cooling water pumps, ice storage devices, the primary glycol pump, plate heat exchanger , sub-glycol pumps. 控制范圍包括整個冰蓄冷系 統(tǒng)的參數(shù)狀態(tài)顯示、設(shè)備狀態(tài)及控制，主要控制設(shè)備有：雙工況主機、電動閥、冷卻塔、冷卻水泵、蓄冰裝置、初級乙二醇泵、板式換熱器、次級乙二醇泵等。 3.2 control 控制功能 Control functions include the ice storage system stability, and economic operation of the required functions. 控制功能包括整個冰蓄冷系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟運行所需的功能。 3.2.1 status of the conversion function 工況轉(zhuǎn)換功能 Depending on the season and machinery operation, automatic control system with the following conditions conversion functions: 根據(jù)季節(jié)和機器運行情況，自控系統(tǒng)具備以下工況轉(zhuǎn)換功能： a) duplex host ice conditions at the same time cooling mode; b) duplex status of a separate ice-making mainframe model; c) ice-storage devices and host joint cooling mode; d) of ice-melting separate cooling mode; e) for the console alone Cold model. a） 雙工況主機制冰同時供冷模式； b） 雙工況主機單獨制冰模式；c） 主機與蓄冰裝 置聯(lián)合供冷模式； d） 融冰單獨供冷模式； e） 主機單獨供冷模式。 3.2.2 The status of the start-up and shutdown, display and alarm functions Fault 工況的啟停、顯示和故障報警功能 Control system according to the chronological layout with load forecasting software, mainframe and external control refrigeration equipment start-up and shutdown of the surveillance equipment and the number of working conditions and operating parameters, such as: 控制系統(tǒng)按編排的時間順序，結(jié)合負荷預(yù)測軟件，控制制冷主機及外圍外文翻譯資料 12 設(shè)備的啟停數(shù)量及監(jiān)視各設(shè)備之工作狀況與運行參數(shù)，如： - Commitment refrigeration console, status and fault alarm - refrigeration mainframe operating parameters - the protection of water cooling host - host for refrigeration / return water temperature, pressure telemetry and display; - Commitment chilled water pumps, status and fault alarm - glycol pump start-up and shutdown, status and fault alarm - start-up and shutdown cooling pumps, status and fault alarm - bypass pipe pressure mea