初中英語簡單句基本類型及句子成分.doc

英語句子成分及簡單句的基本類型句子成分意義及位置充當(dāng)詞類例句主語表示句子說的是“什么人”或“什么事”。通常在句子前部。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、短語或句子。We study in No. 17 middle school.Jim is an American boy.Two heads are better than one.謂語e說明主語“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。通常在主語后（除疑問、倒裝句外）。由動詞或動詞詞組充當(dāng)。Time tries all thing.(時間檢驗一切）Lucy is dancing under the tree.Her parents are both workers.賓語表示動作、行為的對象。在及物動詞或介詞后。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、短語或句子。Love me, love my dog. (愛屋及烏）These girls like English.Did you see him yesterday?表語與系動詞連用，一起構(gòu)成謂語部分、說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征。常在系動詞之后。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、短語或句子。His father is a bus driver.My car is white.We were at school yesterday.Health is wealth. (健康就是財富。）定語用來修飾名詞或代詞。單個詞常在修飾的詞前，短語或句子在被修飾的詞之后。形、代、數(shù)、名、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語。The red one is mine.What is his name?A friend in need is a friend indeed.(患難見真情。）狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，表示動作發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式等。位置較靈活。通常由副詞、介詞短語或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語來表示。Our teacher works very hard.She often helps Mike.They had a meeting in Shanghai.賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語的補(bǔ)足語，邏輯上與賓語是“主謂”關(guān)系。在賓語后。由形容詞、名詞、介詞短語等充當(dāng)。We named the baby Lily.She made the room clean.同位語重復(fù)指代并進(jìn)一步說明名詞及名詞性詞語。在被修飾詞后。名詞、名詞性短語、從句等。They all work hard.John, a friend of hers, has gone.句子成分 學(xué)記口訣：主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補(bǔ)輔助。 賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無。簡單句的六種基本句型一、主系表結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V + P ）：主語系動詞表語（狀語）系動詞通常與表語一起構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，用來說明主語的性質(zhì)、特點或狀態(tài)等。常見的系動詞有be, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, get, grow, turn, become, stay, seem等。 主語系動詞表語狀語These booksaregreat.This kind of foodtastesdeliciousAll her friendsareoutside the doornow.The milkturnedsour. The musicsoundsniceTom isvery happytoday.【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】翻譯下面的漢語句子。1. 他感到有點累。_2. 這聽起來是個好主意。_3. 我的電腦在書房里。_4. 我最喜歡的運動是游泳。_5. 那個女孩是我的妹妹。_二、主謂結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V）： 主語不及物動詞（狀語）這種句型中的動詞大多是不及物動詞，不及物動詞是指那些本身意義已完整，后面不需要接賓語的動詞，常見的動詞：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。狀語 主語不及物動詞狀語（In 2003,)The first bookcame outin 2003We didnt goto the cinema yesterday.Li Mingworksvery hard.The little girlworkseven harder.The accidenthappenedyesterday afternoon.Last week,I wentto Guilin for my holiday.【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】根據(jù)漢語完成下列英語句子，每空一詞。1. 他在聽。He _ _.2. 昨晚你睡得好嗎？Did you _ _ last night?3. 這場雨持續(xù)了兩個小時。The rain _ _ two hours. 4. 事物總是變化的。Things always _.5. 他來中國的夢想實現(xiàn)了。 His dream to China _ _ _. 三、主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V + O）：主語及物動詞賓語這種句型中的動詞一般為及物動詞。及物動詞后面必須接賓語才能表達(dá)一個完整的意思。賓語是動作的承受者，一般由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞等充當(dāng)。狀語主語及物動詞賓語狀語（Yesterday)Iboughta very good bookyesterday.My fatherlovespictures of cars.Every morningmy motherpreparesbreakfastfor meHeis havinglunch.Sheplansto travelin May Day.Ipreferstanding. Idont knowwhat I should donext【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】找出下列句子的賓語。1. He handed in his homework this morning. 2. Help yourself to some soup, Jim. 3. He forgot which way to go. 4. Would you mind waiting for a few minutes? 5. Ill do what I can. 四、主謂雙賓： （主語及物動詞間接賓語直接賓語）1. 主語+及物動詞+間接賓語（人）+直接賓語（事物）2. 及物動詞+直接賓語（事物）+to / for+間接賓語（人）狀語主語及物動詞間賓直賓狀語His hobbyhas broughthimenjoyment.My fatherboughtmea very good bikeOn my birthday.Last week,my auntsentmea box of chocolate.狀語主語及物動詞直賓(tofor)+間賓狀語His hobbyhas broughtenjoymentto him.My fatherboughta very good bikefor meOn my birthday.Last week,my auntsenta box of chocolate.to me【溫馨提示】1.與to搭配的動詞有g(shù)ive, hand, show, send, bring, pass, lend, teach, tell, write, throw, sell, email等。如：Can you lend us your car? =Can you lend your car to us? He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me.2.與for搭配的動詞有buy, play, get, make, order, choose, sing, pay等。如：My uncle bought me a watch.=My uncle bought a watch for me. Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】. 找出下列句子中的直接賓語。1. She gave me her telephone number. 2. Bring me some water, please. 3. Ill make you some fresh tea.4. He sang us a folk song. _5. She showed me her paintings. _. 將下列句子改為同義句。6. Tom gave me a nice pen. = Tom _ a nice pen _ me. 7. My mother bought my little sister a pink skirt. = My mother _ a pink skirt _ my little sister.8. She cooked us a delicious meal.=She _ a delicious meal _ us. 9. Tim showed me his nice T-shirt. =Tim _ his nice T-shirt _ me. 10. She made me a cup of coffee.=She _ a cup of coffee _ me. 五、主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)（S + V + O + OC）：主語及物動詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語的主要作用或者是補(bǔ)充、說明賓語怎么樣的，擔(dān)任補(bǔ)語常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。主語及物動詞賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語狀語We can help youdevelop new skills.I dont wantyouto worktoo hard.Youshould keepthe roomclean and tidy.Ifoundthe boxemptyin the streetHis fathertoldhimnot to playThe teachertoldusto do some exercisesWemadehimour monitor.The newsmadeeveryonehappy.【溫馨提示】常見的不定式作補(bǔ)語的動詞有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow + sb(not)to do sth. 等。注意：動詞have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面的動詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)時，不帶to。1) The boss made him do the work all day.2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.【練習(xí)導(dǎo)航】找出下列句子中的賓語補(bǔ)足語。1. They call their daughter Mary. 2. Dont leave me behind. 3. I wish you to be happy. 4. I saw her chatting with Nancy. 5. Good food keeps you healthy. 六、There be句型： There be +主語+(狀語) There be句型主要用來表示“某地有某物或某人”。 主語一般位于there be 之后。如果be動詞后面有兩個或兩個以上的主語，be動詞選用需要遵循“就近原則”一般和最近的一個保持一致：。如： There is a dictionary, three books and a pen on the desk. =There are three books，a dictionary, and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有一本字典，三本書和一支鋼筆?！揪毩?xí)導(dǎo)航】. 單項選擇( ) 1. There _ ice on the road last week.A. was B. were C. will be D. are( ) 2. There _ a football match on the playground this afternoon.A. will have B. is going to have C. is have D. is going to be ( ) 3. There will be enough food for everybody, _?A. wont it B. wont there C. isnt it D. arent th