大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題部分閱讀答案及解析.doc

2010年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the U.S. has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be 47. G） incredibly wasteful to tear them all down and 48. K） replace them with greener versions. An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the 49. J） reduced carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest 50. L） sense, the greenest home is the one that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of U. S. carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and 51. H） powering our homes, offices and other buildings. You cant deal with climate change without dealing with existing buildings, says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some 52. D） exceptions, the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that 53. E） expand over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a 54. O） vast number of relatively simple changes that can green older homes, from 55. F） historic ones like Lincolns Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升級(jí)) can save more than just the earth; they can help 56. I） protect property owners from rising power costs.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A) accommodations B) clumsy C) doubtful D) exceptions E) expand F) historic G) incredibly H) powering I) protect J) reduced K) replace L) sense M) shifted N) supplying O) vast2011年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.The popular notion that older people need less sleep than younger adults is a myth, scientists said yesterday.While elderly people 47 N） tend to sleep for fewer hours than they did when they were younger, this has a(n) 48 L） negative effect on their brains performance and they would benefit from getting more, according to research.Sean Drummond, a. psychiatrist (心理醫(yī)生) at the University of California, San Diego, said older people are more likely to suffer from broken sleep, while younger people are better at sleeping 49 H） efficiently straight through the night.More sleep in old age, however, is 50 B） associated with better health, and most older people would feel better and more 51 A） alert if they slept for longer periods, he said.“The ability to sleep in one chunk (整塊時(shí)間) overnight goes down as we age but the amount of sleep we need to 52 J） function well does not change,” Dr Drummond told the American Association for the Advancement of Science conference in San Diego.“Its 53 F） definitely a myth that older people need less sleep. The more healthy an older adult is, the more they sleep like they did when they were 54 O） younger. Our data suggests that older adults would benefit from 55 E） continuing to get as much sleep as they did in their 30s. Thats 56 G） different from person to person, but the amount of sleep we had at 35 is probably the same amount as we need at 75.”注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A) alert I) formallyB) associated J) functionC) attracting K) mixedD) cling L) negativeE) continuing M) sufficientF) definitely N) tendG) different O) younger47. tend to 固定搭配；表示“傾向于；”符合句意；48. 空格后是effect， 前面是a(n)， 由此可見(jiàn)，該處需要填入一個(gè)形容詞；題目給出的形容詞有negative, sufficient, younger；根據(jù)前后語(yǔ)意，填入negative最為恰當(dāng)，表示“少的睡眠時(shí)間對(duì)大腦的活動(dòng)有負(fù)面的影響?！?9. 根據(jù)推測(cè)，該處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)副詞，題目給出的副詞有efficiently, definitely, formally；前面提到，老年人在睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候更容易被打斷，而后面用while提出一個(gè)對(duì)比的概念，年輕人相比起來(lái)能獲得更_ 的睡眠；綜合起來(lái)，選用efficiently（最有效率的）最為準(zhǔn)確。50. be associated with 固定搭配；表示“與聯(lián)系在一起”；本句話表示“更多的睡眠通常都與健康度聯(lián)系在一起”；51. 先看整句話的含義，“如果他們能睡更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，他們的感覺(jué)應(yīng)該會(huì)更好以及”那么，該處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)褒義詞，選擇alert比較恰當(dāng)，表示“更加警覺(jué)，機(jī)靈”；52. 根據(jù)判斷，此處應(yīng)該填入一個(gè)動(dòng)詞，剩下的動(dòng)詞有cling, function；整句話的意思是“當(dāng)我們上了年紀(jì)的時(shí)候，我們一覺(jué)睡到天亮的能力下降了，但是，我們需要的睡眠量并沒(méi)有改變；”空格后的單詞是well， cling 在這里并不合適，一般與to連用；選用function 最為適合；53. 作者在首段已經(jīng)提出這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是一個(gè)myth，那么顯而易見(jiàn)最后一段中出現(xiàn)的myth是作為一種強(qiáng)調(diào)手段，應(yīng)填入definitely；54. 空格的前面是 when they were， “當(dāng)他們年輕的時(shí)候”；應(yīng)填入younger；55. 本句的意思是“我們的數(shù)據(jù)顯示老年人將從獲益；”空格的后面是“得到和他們?cè)谌鄽q的時(shí)候能得到的睡眠一樣多”；根據(jù)上下文意思，該處應(yīng)填入“continuing”；56. different from 固定搭配；表示“和不同”；2010年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were 47. M) raised . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence 48. L) psychological activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important 49. E) contributions to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.Any research that suggests that 50. A) abilities to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can 51. B) achieve based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? It is easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how 52. N) smart they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the 53. I) extent to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture(養(yǎng)育), by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science 54. J) indicates that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born 55. G) essentially like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it 56. H) eventually appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。A abilities I extentB achieve J indicatesC appeal K proceedsD complaints L psychologicalE contributions M raisedF displayed N smartG essentially O standardH eventually47. raise在這里的意思是“養(yǎng)育”，the environment in which you were raised 意思是“你成長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境”。48. psychological activity意思是“心理活動(dòng)”，全句意思是“研究基因和外部環(huán)境如何相互作用影響人心理活動(dòng)的學(xué)科被稱(chēng)為行為遺傳學(xué)”。49. “make contributions to”為固定搭配，意為“為做貢獻(xiàn)”。50. “ability to ”意思是“做某事的能力”，在此處，全句意思是“任何一篇宣稱(chēng)人類(lèi)做出某種行為的能力是基于生物學(xué)的研究都是有爭(zhēng)議的”。51. limitations to what you can achieve意思是“對(duì)你所能達(dá)到的水平的限制”。52. 此處需填一個(gè)形容詞，而且用來(lái)形容人，根據(jù)題意，smart符合題意，表示“機(jī)靈，可愛(ài)”。53. 此處填extent，主要是因?yàn)楹竺嬗衪o，“to the extent ”譯為“的程度”。54. indicate 意思是“表明，顯示”。全句意為“越來(lái)越多的科學(xué)(現(xiàn)象)表明基因?qū)θ祟?lèi)很多特征有基礎(chǔ)作用”。55. essentially 的意思是“實(shí)際上，本質(zhì)上”。全句意為“從這個(gè)角度來(lái)講，人一出生，本質(zhì)上就像是還沒(méi)洗出來(lái)的照片：相已經(jīng)照了，但是最終會(huì)呈現(xiàn)多少就在于顯影的過(guò)程了”。56. eventually 副詞，意思是“最終，最后”。2011年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題Passage OneBoys schools are the perfect place to teach young men to express their emotions and are more likely to get involved in activities such as art, dance and music, according to research released today.Far from the traditional image of a culture of aggressive masculinity in which students either sink or swim, the absence of girls gives boys the chance to develop without pressure to conform to a stereotype, the US study says.Boys at single sex schools were said to be more likely to get involved in cultural and artistic activities that helped develop their emotional expressiveness, rather than feeling they had to conform to the boy code of hiding their emotions to be a real man.The findings of the study go against received wisdom that boys do better when taught alongside girls.Tony Little, headmaster of Eton, warned that boys were being failed by the British education system because it had become too focused on girls. He criticized teachers for failing to recognize that boys are actually more emotional than girls.The research argued that boys often perform badly in mixed schools because they become discouraged when their female peers do better earlier in speaking and reading skills.But in single-sex schools teachers can tailor lessons to boys learning style, letting them move around the classroom and getting them to compete in teams to prevent boredom, wrote the studys author, Abigail James, of the University of Virginia.Teachers could encourage boys to enjoy reading and writing with specifically boy-focused approaches such as themes and characters that appeal to them. Because boys generally have more acute vision, learn best through touch, and are physically more active, they need to be given hands-on lessons where they are allowed to walk around. Boys in mixed schools view classical music as feminine and prefer the modern genre in which violence and sexism are major themes, James wrote.Single-sex education also made it less likely that boys would feel they had to conform to a stereotype that men should be masterful and in charge in relationships. In mixed schools, boys feel compelled to act like men before they understand themselves well enough to know what that means, the study reported.57. The author believes that a single-sex school would _.A force boys to hide their emotions to be “real man”B help to cultivate masculine aggressiveness in boysC encourage boys to express their emotions more freelyD naturally reinforce in boys that traditional image of a man58. It is commonly believed that in a mixed schools boys _.A perform relatively better B grow up more healthilyC behave more responsibly D receive a better education59. What does Tony Little say about the British education system?A It fails more boys than girls academically B It focuses more on mixed school educationC It fails to give boys the attention they needD It places more pressure on boys than on girls60. According to Abigail James, one of the advantages of single-sex schools is _.A teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boysB boys can focus on their lessons without being distractedC boys can choose to learn whatever they are interested inD teaching can be designed to promote boys team spirit61. Which of the following is characteristic of boys according to Abigail James report?A They enjoy being in charge B They conform to stereotypesC They have sharper vision D They are violent and sexistSection BPassage One57, C encourage boys to express their emotions freely58, A perform relatively better59, C It fails to give boys the attention they need60, A teaching can be tailored to suit the characteristics of boys61, C They have sharper vision【解析】這篇文章針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的男女生一起上學(xué)，一起接受教育提出了質(zhì)疑。作者從文章一開(kāi)頭就表明了自己的看法：對(duì)于男生而言，單性教育，即男生們一起上學(xué)會(huì)對(duì)男生的身心發(fā)展更為有利。文中出現(xiàn)一個(gè)短語(yǔ)，received wisdom，即是“人們普遍的看法，公認(rèn)的看法”。也是作者所批判的一種觀點(diǎn)。傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，男生和女生混合教育會(huì)對(duì)男生發(fā)展更有利。但是作者認(rèn)為單性教育對(duì)男生有以下幾個(gè)好處：可以讓男生們更自由地表達(dá)自己的情感，可以學(xué)習(xí)自己感興趣的藝術(shù)，舞蹈，音樂(lè)等學(xué)科。不用去遵守人們?cè)趥鹘y(tǒng)印象中對(duì)男生的期盼。而且單性教育可以針對(duì)男生的身心發(fā)展特點(diǎn)而制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。并且作者覺(jué)得，目前英國(guó)教育把女生當(dāng)做關(guān)注重點(diǎn)，忽視了對(duì)男生的重視。2011年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題Passage TwoIts an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My partner says no because the boiler could go, or the roof fall off, and we have no savings to save us. I say that you only live once and we work hard and whats the point if you cant go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year we just wont go.Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday. A YouGov poll of 2,000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. Whats less clear is whether divorce and separation rates rise in a recession financial pressures mean couples argue more but make splitting up less affordable. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples. Disputes were characterized by intense verbal aggression, tended to be repeated and not resolved, and made men, more than women, extremely angry.Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes, which may be different things to men and women. People can say the same things about money but have different conceptions of what it is for, he explains. They will say its to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that theyve achieved something.The biggest problem is that couples assume each other knows what is going on with their finances, but they dont. There seems to be more of a taboo about talking about money than talking about death. But you both need to know what you are doing, who is paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship you dont have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.62. What does the author say about vacationing?A People enjoy it all the more during a recessionB Few people can afford it without working hardC It makes all the hard work worthwhileD It is the chief cause of family disputes63. What does the author mean by saying “money is known to bring a relationship to its knees” (Line1 Para. 2)？A Money is considered to be the root of all evilsB Some people sacrifice their dignity for moneyC Few people can resist the temptation of moneyD Disputes over money may ruin a relationship64. The YouGov poll of 2000 people indicates that in a recession _.A conflicts between couples tend to riseB it is more expensive for couples to split upC couples show more concern for each otherD divorce and separation rates increase65. What does Kim Stephenson believe?A Money is often a symbol of a persons statusB Money means a great deal to both men and womenC Men and women spend money on different thingsD Men and women view money in different ways66. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should _A put their money together instead of keeping it separatelyB make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgetsC discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationshipD avoid arguing about money matters to remain romanticPassage Two62. C . It makes all the hard work worthwhile.63. D. Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.64. A. conflicts between couples tend to rise65. D. men and women view money in different ways.66. C. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationship.【解析】這是一篇關(guān)于金錢(qián)對(duì)夫妻關(guān)系的影響的文章。文中第一段主要通過(guò)度假這件事來(lái)體現(xiàn)不同人對(duì)待金錢(qián)的不同態(tài)度。作者認(rèn)為人只能活一次，如果不能去度假的話，那么工作再努力也沒(méi)有意義。第二段主要談到了大蕭條時(shí)期，不太良好的經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況常常會(huì)影響夫妻關(guān)系，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致?tīng)?zhēng)吵，甚至?xí)?dǎo)致離婚或者分居的成本增加，對(duì)夫妻感情造成傷害。第三段講了Kim Stephenson，一個(gè)心理學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，即男人和女人對(duì)待金錢(qián)的態(tài)度是不一樣的，男人把金錢(qián)看作是得到社會(huì)地位的途徑，看作向父母展現(xiàn)自己成功的一種方式。第四段，作者建議夫妻可以對(duì)金錢(qián)持有不同的觀點(diǎn)，但是不可以對(duì)它采取回避的態(tài)度，避而不談。相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)，這篇文章的難度比較大。文章看懂并不難，但是題目中，推理題和大意題比較多，需要在充分理解作者意圖，了解文章主旨的基礎(chǔ)上，才能選出正確答案。2011年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday, analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economic trends. It found that human-influenced climate change was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition (營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良) and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forums report was a methodological embarrassment because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human-driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable (易受傷害的) regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention.” But the report, he said, will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed (有瑕疵的).However, Soren Andreasen, a social scientist at Dalberg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards while still curbing the emissions of the heat-trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.62. What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?A) Global temperatures affect the rate of economic development.B) Rates of death from illnesses have risen due to global warming.C) Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countries.D) Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters.63. What do we learn about the Forums report from the passage?A) It was challenged by some climate and risk experts.B) It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circles.C) It was warmly