高中英語語法總結(jié)

1、.高中英語語法簡單總結(jié)：高中語法難在復(fù)雜，要記憶的知識點(diǎn)太多、太雜，我結(jié)合高中的語法要求大綱簡單總結(jié)了我個人認(rèn)為比較主要的知識點(diǎn)。大體把握思路，知道都有哪些知識點(diǎn)，然后多看、多做題，總結(jié)經(jīng)常錯的知識點(diǎn)，其實(shí)知識點(diǎn)是有限的，只要多看幾遍，多過濾幾遍，就會發(fā)現(xiàn)漏網(wǎng)之魚已經(jīng)很少了。下文總結(jié)了十二個要點(diǎn)：1、主謂一致2、時態(tài)3、語態(tài)4、非謂語動詞5、情態(tài)動詞6、虛擬語氣7、句子種類8、名詞性從句9、狀語從句10、定語從句11、強(qiáng)調(diào)句12、倒裝句當(dāng)然以上并不是全部要點(diǎn)，還有一些比較基礎(chǔ)的，比如：祈使句、省略句、名詞等知識點(diǎn)比較簡單，在平時做題中自然而然就積累下來了，不需要刻意背誦。一、主謂一致 主謂一致

2、的關(guān)鍵在于，分條記清楚，不要混淆。1、 以動詞不定式短語，動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式；To study English well is not easy.（動詞不定式短語作主語）Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. （動名詞短語作主語） What he said is very important for us all. （從句作主語）2、 由連接詞and或bothand連接起來的主語后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語動詞。但若所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時，它后面的謂語就用單數(shù)形式。The writer and artist has

3、come.由and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。either, neither, each, every 或no+單數(shù)名詞和由some, any no, every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。Every student and every teach is in the classroom.Many a boy and many a girl likes it.No boy and no girl likes it.Each of us has a new

4、 book. Is everyone here today?Somebody is speaking in class. Everything around us is matter若none of 后面的名詞是不可數(shù)名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數(shù)。若它后面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)都可以。None of the sugar was left. None of us has (have) been to America.3、 在定語從句里，關(guān)系代詞that, who, which 等作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。（畫線為先行詞）Those who want to g

5、o please write their names on the blackboard.He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the (only) one of my friends who is working hard.4、 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分一致。It is I who am going to the cinema tonight.It is we who are going to the cinema tonight.5、 如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式； 如果它指的集體的成員，其謂語動詞用復(fù)

6、數(shù)形式。His family has moved to the south .(他的一家) His family are watching TV.（他的家人）6、由a lot of /lots of/ plenty of/ a heap of/ heaps of/ the rest of/the majority of+名詞構(gòu)成的短語以及由分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。There are a lot of people in the classroom. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is

7、 sea.50 percent of the students in our class are girls.此外，還有a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞有類似的用法（用復(fù)數(shù)），但the number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞的數(shù)就得依number 而定（用單數(shù)）。A number of students have gone to the farm to help the farmer pick apples.The number of pages in this book is three hundred.6、 在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。There comes the bus.Be

8、tween the two hills stands a monument.7、 表數(shù)量的短語“one and a half”后面接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.8、 一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾，如：mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works 等。都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞， 實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。I dont think physics is easy to study.9、“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一

9、類人動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；若表示某一類東西時，動詞用單數(shù)。The old are taken good care of there.（老人們）The beautiful gives pleasure to all.（美好的東西）10、there be 句型中be 動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and 連接的兩個主語，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個主語保持一致，即就近一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.There is a desk and two chairs in the room.11、主語后面跟有with, together with, ex

10、cept, but, like, as well as, no less than, rather than, more than, besides, along with, including, in addition to 等引起的短語， 謂語動詞要跟主語一致，即就遠(yuǎn)一致。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.A woman with a baby was on the bus.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you

11、and Tom, is very tall.The girls as well as the boy have learned to speak Japanese.No one except my teachers knows anything about it.二、動詞的時態(tài)動詞的時態(tài)是日?？谡Z、寫作都要用到的，并不僅僅局限于考試，所以是一個英語語法的基礎(chǔ)。對于應(yīng)用考試，時態(tài)的難點(diǎn)通常是過去完成時、過去進(jìn)行時、將來完成時，難在時間點(diǎn)、時間段的判別，通常會有關(guān)鍵詞比如agosince等等，如果沒有關(guān)鍵詞就要結(jié)合語境判斷時間的延續(xù)性和間斷性。1、 一般現(xiàn)在時：do/does,( 系動詞is/am

12、/are )（1）一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習(xí)慣性動作、客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。（2）主句是一般將來時,時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。Ill go there after I finish my work.If it rains tomorrow,I wont go there.（3）在以here,there開頭的句子里，go,come等少數(shù)動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。There goes the bell.（鈴響了。）There comes the bus.（汽車來了。）Here she comes.（她來了。）2、 一般過去時：did,( 系動

13、詞was/were)表達(dá)特定的過去時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或行為。3、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：is/am/are doing（1）表示正在進(jìn)行的動作。（2）表示按計(jì)劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。She is leaving for Beijing.（她要去北京。）（3）代替一般現(xiàn)在時，描繪更加生動。The sun is rising in the east.（太陽從東方冉冉升起。）4、 過去進(jìn)行時：was/were doing（1）表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動作（這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示）He was preparing his lecture a

14、ll day yesterday.（2）表示動作在另一過去動作發(fā)生時進(jìn)行They were still working when I left.（3）用在兩個過去進(jìn)行時動作同時發(fā)生I was writing while he was watching TV.（4）表示過去將來動作He said she was arriving the next day.5、 現(xiàn)在完成時：has/have done（1）表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，說話時已完成的動作。I have finished the report./ She has cleand the room.（2）表示從過去開始，待續(xù)

15、到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for.”, “since.”表述的一段時間狀語連用。He has learned English for six years.（3）表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地（人已回來）”用“have/has been to”，表示“到某地去了（還未回來）”用“have/has gone to”。 Where is Li Hua? He has gone to the reading-room.She knows a lot about Shanghai.She has been there.（4）短暫動詞（即瞬間動詞），join,lose,buy,borrow,leave,go,com

16、e,arrive,die,marry,finish,complete,begin,start,break out等，在完成時態(tài)中，其肯定式不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。不能說：He has joined the army for three years.要翻譯“他已參軍已經(jīng)三年了。”可采用“ago法”He joined the army three years ago.“延續(xù)法”He has been in the army for three years.“since法”It is/has been three years since he joined the army.6、 過去完成時：

17、had done（1）表示在過去某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。He had shut the door before the dog came up.（2）表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。He had been ill for a week when we learned about it.（3）常用hope,expect,think,intend,want,suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.7、 將來完成

18、時：will/shall have done用來表示在將來某個時刻（前）將完成的動作。常和by短語，when,before引起的時間狀語連用。We will have finished senior Book 2 by the end of this term.8、 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時：has/have been doing用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（還要繼續(xù)下去）的動作。He has been doing the math problems since 8:00.9、 過去完成進(jìn)行時：had been doing表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成，還將繼

19、續(xù)下去。Shehadbeenwaitingatthestationfor5hours.Shewasstillwaiting.(有表示一段時間的狀語)10、一般將來時：will/shall do；is/am/are going to do；is/am/are（about）to do一般將來時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。（1） be + doing 進(jìn)行時表將來：go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等詞可用進(jìn)行時表示按計(jì)劃即將發(fā)生的動作。He is moving to the south.Are they leaving for Europe?（2） be

20、 about to + 動詞原形：表示安排或計(jì)劃中的馬上就要發(fā)生的動作，后面一般不跟時間狀語。I was about to leave when the bell rang.The meeting is about to close.（3） be to + 動詞原形表示按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行或征求對方意見。Were to meet at the school gate at noon.（4） 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來：時刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的事情，可用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。The meeting starts at five oclock.三、動詞的語態(tài)（被動語態(tài)的句型）動詞的語態(tài)主要是被動語態(tài)的應(yīng)用，比較簡

21、單。1、常見句式是：主語（受動者）be過去分詞（by施動者）。He was scolded by the English teacher.2、主語get過去分詞其它成分。（使用這種結(jié)構(gòu)不能帶有“by施動者”）The boy got drowned last summer.3、帶有雙賓語（直接賓語和間接賓語）的主動句變?yōu)閯泳?，其主語可以是直接賓語，也可以是間接賓語。She lent me a bike.被動：I was lent a bike(by her). A bike was lent to me(by her).4、情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。This problem must be work

22、ed out in half an hour.5、雙重被動式：主語被動式謂語不定式的被動式其它成分。These magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room.四、非謂語動詞非謂語不是難點(diǎn)，但是一個比較復(fù)雜的知識點(diǎn)，要記要背的東西比較多，但用熟了以后就會脫口而出，沒有太大難度，主要在多用、熟悉。1、只接不定式做賓語的動詞：hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine,

23、 promise, happen.2、只接動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語：mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set abou

24、t, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to.3、意義不同的不定式：.stop to do 停止手中所做的事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do（指動作尚未發(fā)生）remember/forget/regret doing（指動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生）go on to do（接著做另外一件事）go on doing（接著做同一件事）try to do（設(shè)法，努力去做

25、，盡力）try doing（試試去做，看有何結(jié)果）mean to do（打算做，企圖做）mean doing （意思是，意味著）cant help （to） do（不能幫忙做）cant help doing（忍不住要做）be considered to have done被認(rèn)為已經(jīng)做了 considerto be認(rèn)為是 consider doing考慮做某事五、情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞通常是語氣的表示，雖然沒有實(shí)際意義，但卻常常在完形填空中出現(xiàn)。首先要區(qū)別各個情態(tài)動詞所表示的意思和語氣，然后注意對應(yīng)的文章和語境所需要的語氣。之后就是一些小點(diǎn)，比如shall的不同意義、情態(tài)動詞+have done的各種

26、特殊用法等。1、表示“能力、許可”的can和may：（1）表示能力的情態(tài)動詞用can/could。A computer cant think for itself; it must be told what to do.（2）表示許可時用may/might ,can/could 都可以，但在問句中用could?或might？ 以使口氣委婉客氣，其回答一定要用can或may，以使回答口氣明確（must表示一定，必須，mustnt表示禁止，不許可）。Johnny, you mustnt play with the knife, you may hurt yourself.（3）在肯定句中could

27、不可以用來表示過去某一特定場合的能力，而要用was/were able to。The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.2、表示“推斷、判斷”的can，may，must：（1）在肯定句中都可以用來表示可能。在含義上must語氣最肯定,may表示的是事實(shí)上的可能性。Peter may come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.（2）在否定句中只能用can和may。所以cant時用以代替mustnt，語氣比may更肯定。中文可以

28、翻譯為不可能。Michael cant be a policeman, for hes much too short.（3）在疑問句只能用can，不能用may和must。He may be very busy now. /Can he be very busy now?He must be very busy now. /Can he be very busy now?3、need作為情態(tài)動詞只有一種形式，只用于否定句和疑問句。4、dare作為情態(tài)動詞用時有兩種形式：dare和dared兩個詞形，除了可以用于否定句和疑問句外，還可以用于條件從句或表示懷疑的句子中。If he dare come

29、, I will kick him out. I dont know whether he dare say.He doesnt dare(to)answer the question.（否定句）Does she dare(to)enter the dark room?（疑問句）5、shall：（1）用于第一人稱：征求對方的意見。What shall we do this evening?（2）用于第二、三人稱：警告、命令、允諾、威脅等。You shall fail if you dont work harder. （警告）He shall have the book when I finis

30、h reading.（允諾）He shall be punished.（威脅）6、should勸告、建議、命令、應(yīng)該做、道義上的責(zé)任。You should(ought to) go to class right away.7、will/would：（1）請求、建議，would比will委婉客氣。Would you pass me the book?（2）表示意志、愿望和決心。I will never do that again.（3）would可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向。The wound would not heal.（傷口老是不能愈合）（5） would表示估計(jì)或猜想。What w

31、ould she be doing there?8、情態(tài)動詞+have done的用法：（1）could+have done：本可以做而實(shí)際上未能做。You could have done better, but you didnt try your best.（2）cannot+ have done：表示對現(xiàn)在或過去行為的否定推測。He cannot have been to that town.（3）can+主語+ have done：表示對過去行為的懷疑或不肯定（用在疑問句中）。Can he have got the book?（4）might(may)+ have done：對過去發(fā)生

32、的行為不太肯定的推測。He may not have finished the work.（6） must+ have done：對過去發(fā)生的行為肯定的推測。其否定式為：cannot have done。You must have seen the film.You cannot have seen the film.（7）neednt+ have done：本來不必要做的而實(shí)際上又做了。You neednt have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.區(qū)別于：didnt need to(have to)do：沒有必要做而實(shí)際上也沒有做I

33、 didnt need to clean the windows. My sister did it 2 hours ago.（8）should(ought to)+ have done：本來應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際上又沒有做。其否定形式表示某中行為不該發(fā)生卻發(fā)生了。You should have started earlier, but you didnt.She shouldnt have taken away my measuring tape,for I worked to use it.區(qū)別于：He should have finished the work by now.（表推測）六、虛擬語氣

34、虛擬語氣是重點(diǎn)也是難點(diǎn)，一定要詳細(xì)記憶，清楚地分辨各種用法，千萬不要混淆。If引導(dǎo)的條件句是基礎(chǔ)，在清除記憶了這個基礎(chǔ)之上，有幾個難點(diǎn)如下所列：省略if的虛擬條件句、混合虛擬條件句、含蓄虛擬條件句和其它狀語從句等。1、 If引導(dǎo)的條件從句：（1）與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反從句：過去式（was/were），主句：should/would/could/might +doIf he were here, he would help us.（2）與過去事實(shí)相反從句：had +done，主句：should/would/could/might +have +doneIf I had been free ,I woul

35、d have visited you.（3）與將來事實(shí)相反從句：過去式/should+動詞原形/were +to do，主句：should/would/could/might+動詞原形If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping.2、 省略if的虛擬條件句：將虛擬條件從句中的were，had，should放到主語之前，構(gòu)成主謂倒裝。Should he come ,tell him to ring me up.Were I you, I would not do it.Had I been free, I would have visit

36、ed you.3、 混合虛擬條件句：（1）不同時間的虛擬：各遵守各的規(guī)則。If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.（2）虛擬與陳述的混合：各遵守各的規(guī)則。He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough. You should ha

37、ve come earlier. The bus left a moment ago.4、 含蓄虛擬條件句：（1）but for+名詞表示虛擬條件But for your timely warning, we must have got into great trouble. -You know were friends.（2）without+名詞表示虛擬條件Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night would be freezing cold.（3）動詞不定式表示虛擬條件It would be only

38、 partly right to follow in this way.（如果用這種方式，僅僅對了一半。）（4）現(xiàn)在分詞表示虛擬條件Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident.（要是及時得知的話，我們也許能阻止這場事故。）（5）過去分詞表示虛擬條件Given more attention, the tree could have grown better.（如果多留心的話，這樹本來可以長的更好。）（7） 副詞otherwise表示虛擬條件I was too busy at that time. Otherwise, I

39、would have called you.（我當(dāng)時太忙，否則我就給你打電話了。）（8）連詞but連接的句子表示虛擬條件He would become fatter but he eats too little.5、 其它狀語從句：（1） as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用did或haddone或wouldcouldmightdo。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反He talks as if he knew where she was與過去事實(shí)相反He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.與將來事實(shí)相反He opened his mo

40、uth as if he would say something.注意：當(dāng)說話者認(rèn)為所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時，as if/as though引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中也可以用陳述語氣。It sounds as if it is raining聽起來像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk從他談話的樣子來看他是醉了。（2）in order that/so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中動詞用can/could/may/ might/ would等+do。Turn on the light so that we can see it clearly.6、賓語從句：（1）d

41、emand, suggest, order, insist后接的從句中動詞為should+ do。He suggested that we not change our mind.（2）wish后的從句中分別用過去式，過去完成式和should/would+ do表示與現(xiàn)在，過去和將來情況相反。I wish I could be a pop singer.I wish I would have gone to Shanghai last month.7、主語從句在It is necessary / important / strange thatIt is suggested / demande

42、d/ ordered / requested that等從句中，謂語動詞用should+ do。It is strange that such a person should be our friends.8、其它句型中（1）It is time that句型中動詞用過去式或should+ doIts high time that we left/should leave.（2）would rather所接的從句中動詞用過去式或者過去完成式I would rather you stayed at home now.（3）If only句型中動詞常用過去式或者過去完成式，表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望If on

43、ly our dream had come true!七、句子種類句子種類是比較簡單，考試也不會特殊單獨(dú)考到，在這里寫下主要是因?yàn)樗钦Z法學(xué)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)，有助于接下來高級語法的學(xué)習(xí)，所以簡單理解清楚即可。1、感嘆句：（1）what + 名詞What a fine day it is! （多好的天氣呀!）（2）how + 形容詞或副詞How hard they are working! （他們工作多努力呀?。?）how +句子How time flies! （時間過得多么快呀!）（4）How + adj. + a (an) + n.=What a(an)+adj.+nHow nice a boy

44、(he is) !=What a nice boy (he is)! （多好的孩子啊!）2、簡單句：（1）主+謂They disappeared. （他們消失了。）（2）主+謂+賓He likes swimming.（他喜歡游泳。）（3）主+謂+間接賓+直接賓I told my friend the good news. （我把好消息告訴了我的朋友。）（4）主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)They named the boy Jack. （他們給孩子起名叫杰克。）（5）主+系+表She is a university student. （她是一名大學(xué)生。）3、并列句：（1）并列關(guān)系and, not onlyb

45、ut also, neither nor, bothand, notbut。Eitheryoudoit,orIaskforsomebodyelsetodoit.（要么你來做，要么我請其他人來做。）NeitherTomnorJackhasfinishedthehomework.（湯姆和杰克都沒有完成作業(yè)。）Notcouldnttheycompletethetask,butthetaskwastootough.（不是他們完不成任務(wù)，而是任務(wù)太重了。）（2）轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but,while（而，盡管），nevertheless(然而；不過)。Johnlikesplayingbasketball,buthe

46、didntplayityesterday.（約翰喜歡打籃球，但他昨天沒打。）（3）選擇關(guān)系or, otherwise or else, eitheror。We must hurry, or well miss the train. （我們必須快點(diǎn)，否則會趕不上火車。） Either you come to my place or I go to yours. （或者你到我這兒來，或者我到你那去。）（4）因果關(guān)系for, so, thus, therefore, and so。We had better stay at home, for it was raining. （我們最好呆在家里，因?yàn)?/p>

47、天正在下雨。）He didnt work hard, therefore he failed in the examination.（他學(xué)習(xí)不努力，因此這次考試不及格。）4、復(fù)合句：由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。在復(fù)合句中主句是全句的主體，從句是全句的一個成分，不能獨(dú)立。從句有：（1）名詞性從句（主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句和同位語從句）；（2）狀語從句；（3）定語從句。八、名詞性從句名詞性從句是一個考試點(diǎn)，做題時經(jīng)常會遇到，但是高中語法階段不需要做太難的深究，只要弄清楚詳細(xì)的小知識點(diǎn)用于選擇、填空等即可，比如thatwhetherifwhichwhat等的應(yīng)用環(huán)境與辨別

48、。1、主語從句：（1）連詞：that（that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時不可省去），Whether（主語從句中只能用whether不可用if）。That he will come and help you is certain.（他來幫助你是確實(shí)無疑的。）Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. （月球上有沒有生命是個有趣的問題。）（2）連接代詞：who，what，which，whatever。What he wants to tell us is not clear. （他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。）Who will w

49、in the match is still unknown. （誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。）（3）連接副詞：when，where，why，how。It is known to us how he became a writer. （我們都知道他是如何成為一名作家的。）Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. （英語晚會將在哪里舉行，還沒有宣布。）注：主語從句放在句首，句子常顯得笨重，因此一般把它移到句子后面，前面用引導(dǎo)詞“it”來作形式主語。2、賓語從句：（1）陳述：that（that在句中不擔(dān)任任何

50、成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時,第二個分句前的that不可省）。I believe(that) he is honest. （我相信他是忠誠的。）（2）疑問：if，whether（whether常與or not連用，不能用if代替；作介詞賓語要用whether不能用if；從句是否定句時一般用if引導(dǎo)）。I wonder whether he will come or not. （我想知道他來還是不來。）Everything depends on whether we have enough money. （一切要看我們是否有足夠的錢。）I dont know if(w

51、hether) it is interesting. （我不知道它是否有意思。）He doesnt care if it isnt a fine day.（他不在乎天氣是否好。）（3）特殊疑問意義：who, whom,which,whose,what, when,where,why,how,whoever, whatever, whichever（賓語從句作及物動詞賓語也可做介詞的賓語）。Please tell me what you want.（請告訴我你需要什么？）She always thinks of how she can work well. （她總是在想怎樣能把工作做好。）She

52、 will give whoever needs help a warm support.（凡需要幫助的人，她都會給予熱情的支持。）（4）如果賓語從句后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式賓語，將從句后置。We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. （我們必須認(rèn)清無論誰違反了法律都要受到懲罰。）（5）think,believe,imagine,suppose等動詞引出的賓語從句，要將從句中的否定形式，移到主句中。We dont think you are right. （我們認(rèn)為你不對。）I dont

53、believe he will do so. （我相信他不會這樣做的。）3、表語從句：（1）連詞：that，whether，as if（在非正式的文體中that可以省去）。The problem is(that) they cant get here early enough. （問題是他們不能很早到達(dá)這里。）It looks as if its going to rain.（看起來天要下雨。）（2）連接代詞：who，what，which。Thats just what I want. （這正是我想要的。）The question is who(which of you) will be th

54、e next speaker. （問題是誰（你們哪一位）接著發(fā)言。）（3）連接副詞：when，where，why，how（表語從句位于主句系動詞之后）。This is where our problem lies.（這就是我們的問題所在。）That is why he didnt come to the meeting. （那就是他為什么不到會的原因。）4、同位語從句：由連詞that引導(dǎo)，不擔(dān)任成分，也可有when, how, where等引導(dǎo)（同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容，常用的名詞如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought, question, order,

55、 fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等）。The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world.（他曾在月球上登陸這個消息傳遍世界。）I have no idea when he will come back home. （我不知道他什么時候回來。）The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. （他想到可能瑪麗生病了。）He must answer the question whether he agr

56、ees to it or not.（他必須回答他是否同意此事這樣一個問題。）九、狀語從句狀語從句看著很多、很繁瑣，但是它的考點(diǎn)其實(shí)并不難，只要記清楚固定的知識點(diǎn)和固定的搭配應(yīng)用即可，在多做題的過程中自然就熟悉了。1、實(shí)踐狀語從句：（1）When，whenever（when指的是“某一具體的時間”，whenever指的是“在任何時間”）。When I came into the room, he was writing a letter.當(dāng)我進(jìn)屋時，他正在寫信。We shall go there whenever we are free.我們什么時間有空，我們就去那里。（2）when（when意為“這時”或“在那個時候”,可以看作是并列句,這種用法的when分句一般位于句末）。I was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走著，這時忽然有人從后面拍我的肩膀。（3）while（while指“在某一段時間里”，“在期間”，while引導(dǎo)的動作必須是持續(xù)性的）。Whil