2016人教版初二上冊英語單詞詞組句型和語法知識點

1、八年級上冊英語知識點/單詞/語法/詞組Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?stay at home待在家里 go on vacation去度假 go to the mountains去爬山 go to the beach去海灘 visit museums 參觀博物館 quite a few相當多 go to summer camp去參觀夏令營 study for為而學習 go out出去 most of the time大部分時間 taste good嘗起來很好吃 of course當然 have a good time玩得高興 go shopping去購物f

2、eel like給的感覺；感受到 in the past在過去 walk around四處走走 because of因為 one bowl of 一碗 the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶 find out找出；查明 go on繼續(xù) take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down上上下下 come up出來buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth. 為某人買某物taste + adj. 嘗起來 look+adj. 看起來nothingbut+動詞原形 除了之外什么都沒有seem+（to be）+ adj.

3、 看起來arrive in+大地點 / arrive at+小地點 到達某地decide to do sth. 決定去做某事try doing sth.嘗試做某事 / try to do sth.盡力去做某事 forget doing sth.忘記做過某事/ forget to do sth.忘記做某事enjoy doing sth.喜歡做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事 start doing sth.開始做某事 stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜歡做某事 keep doing sth.繼續(xù)做某事Why not do. sth

4、.? 為什么不做呢？so+adj.+that+從句 如此以至于tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告訴某人（不要）做某事詞語辨析：1. anywhere 與 somewhere 兩者都是不定副詞。anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑問句中。I cant find it anywhere.somewhere 在某處，到某處，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.2. seem + 形容詞 看起來. You seem happy today.seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have

5、 a cold I seems / seemed + 從句 看起來好像；似乎. It seems that no one believe you. seem like .好像，似乎. It seems like a god idea. 3. decide to do sth.決定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.decide + 疑問詞 + 動詞不定式 He can not decide when to leave.4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 開始，可與begin 互換 。He started doing h

6、is homework. 但以下幾種情況不能用begin .1) 創(chuàng)辦，開辦： He started a new bllkshop last month.2) 機器開動： I cant start my car.3) 出發(fā)，動身： I will start tomorrow morning.5. over 介詞，多于，超過，在以上（表示數(shù)目、程度）= more thanMy father is over 40 years old.在之上，與物體垂直且不接觸，與 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.超過： I hear the news ov

7、er the radio. 遍及： I want to travel all over the world.6. too many 太多，后接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.too much 太多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾動詞作狀語。 We have too much work to do. Dont talk too much.much too 太，修飾形容詞或副詞。 The hat is much too big for me. Youre walking much too fast.分辨三者的口訣： too much, much t

8、oo, 用法區(qū)別看后頭： much 后接不可數(shù)， too 后修飾形或副。too many 要記住，后面名詞必復數(shù)。7. because of 介詞短語，因為，由于，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞，不能接句子。He cant take a walk because of the rain.because 連詞，因為，引導狀語從句，表示直接明確的原因或理由。I dont buy the shirt because it was too expensive. Unit2 How often do you exercise?help with housework幫助做家務 on weekends在周末 how

9、 often多久一次 hardly ever幾乎從不 once a week每周一次 twice a month每月兩次 every day每天 be free有空 go to the movies去看電影 use the Internet用互聯(lián)網(wǎng) swing dance搖擺舞 play tennis打網(wǎng)球stay up late熬夜；睡得很晚 at least至少 go to bed early早點睡覺 such as比如；諸如ave dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈課和鋼琴課 play sports進行體育活動 be good for對有好處 go camping去野

10、營 notat all一點兒也不 in ones free time在某人的業(yè)余時間 the most popular最受歡迎的 old habits die hard積習難改 go to the dentist去看牙醫(yī)morn than多于；超過 less than少于help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事 want sb. to do sth. 想讓某人做某事How about? .怎么樣？/ 好不好？How many+可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)+一般疑問句？ 有多少?主語+find+that從句. 發(fā)現(xiàn) by doing sth. 通過做某事spend time with sb. 和某人

11、一起度過時光 Its+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的的。 ask sb. about sth. 向某人詢問某事Whats your favorite? 你最喜愛的是什么？the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式語法要點：What do you usually do on weekends? I always exercise.What do they do on weekends? They often help with housework.What does she do on weekends? She sometimes goes shopping

12、.How often do you go to the movies? I go to the movies maybe once a month.How often does he watch TV? He hardly ever watches TV.Do you go shopping? No, I never go shopping.詞語辨析：1. how often 多久一次，用來提問動作發(fā)生的頻率?；卮鹩茫簅nce，twice, three times 等詞語。How often do you play sports? Three times a week.how long 多長，

13、用來詢問多長時間，也可詢問某物有多長。How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?how for 多遠， 用來詢問距離，指路程的遠近。 How far is it from here to the park? Its about 2 kilometers.2. free 空閑的，有空的， 反義詞為 busy. be free 有空，閑著，相當于 have time.Ill be free next week. = Ill have time next week. 還可作“免費的、自由的”解。

14、be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。The tickets are free. Youre free to go or to stay.3. How come？ 怎么會？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有點想不通；可單獨使用，也可引導一個問句， 相當于疑問句 why, 但 how come 開頭的特殊疑問句使用的仍然是陳述語序。How come Tom didnt come to the party? = Why didnt Tom come to the party?4. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，遲睡”。 Dont stay up late next tim

15、e. stay up 指“熬夜，不睡覺”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.5. go to bed 強調(diào)“上床睡覺”的動作及過程，但人不一定睡著。I went to bed at eleven last night.go to sleep 強調(diào)“入睡，睡著，進入夢鄉(xiāng)”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.6. find + 賓語 +名詞, 發(fā)現(xiàn) ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.find + 賓語 + 形容詞， 發(fā)現(xiàn)： He found th

16、e room dirty.find + 賓語 + 現(xiàn)在分詞， 發(fā)現(xiàn) ： I found her standing at the door.7. percent 百分數(shù)， 基數(shù)詞 + percent： percent 沒有復數(shù)形式，作主語時，根據(jù)所修飾的名詞來判斷謂語的單復數(shù)。 Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of time passed.8. more than 超過，多于，不僅僅， 相當于 over. 在句型轉(zhuǎn)換中考查兩者的同義替換。反義詞組為：less than. I lived in

17、 Shanghai for more than / over ten years.9. afraid 形容詞， 擔心的，害怕的，在句中作表語，不用在名詞前作定語。Im afraid we cant come here on time. be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。Some children are afraid of the dark. Dont be afraid of asking question.Im afraid + 從句， 恐怕， 擔心： Im afraid I have to go

18、now.10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的區(qū)別：sometimes 頻度副詞， 有時。表示動作發(fā)生的不經(jīng)常性，多與一般現(xiàn)在時連用，可位于句首、句中或句末。Sometimes I get up very early. -How often do you get up?sometime 副詞，某個時候。 表示不確切或不具體的時間，常用于過去時或?qū)頃r，對它用疑問詞when.I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. -When will you go to Shanghai next week

19、?some times 名詞詞組， 幾次，幾倍。其中time 是可數(shù)名詞，對它提問用how many times.I have read the story some times. -How many times have you read the story?some time 名詞短語， 一段時間. 表示“一段時間”時，句中謂語動詞常為延續(xù)性動詞，提問時用 How long.I ll stay here for some time. -How long will you stay here?Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.more outgoin

20、g更外向 asas與一樣 the singing competition唱歌比賽 be similar to與相像的/類似的 the same as和相同；與一致 be different from與不同care about關心；介意 be like a mirror像一面鏡子 the most important最重要的 as long as只要；既然 bring out使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出 get better grades取得更好的成績reach for伸手取 in fact事實上；實際上 make friends交朋友 the other其他的touch ones heart感動某人 be

21、 talented in music有音樂天賦be good at擅長 be good with善于與相處have fun doing sth.享受做某事的樂趣 be good at doing sth擅長做某事 make sb. do sth.讓某人做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 as+adj./adv.的原級+as 與一樣 Its+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 對某人來說，做某事的。形容詞和副詞的比較級、最高級 大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個等級：1）原級（不作比較），修飾詞very, so, too, pretty, really；2）比較級，表示“較”或

22、“更”的意思（兩者之間進行比較）, 標志詞than, A or B, of the two, 修飾詞much, a lot, a little；3）最高級，表示“最”的意思（三者或三者以上作比較），形容詞最高級前面一般要加定冠詞the，后面可帶in（of）短語來什么比較的范圍。形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級規(guī)則變化： 構 成 方 法 原 級 比 較 級最 高 級單音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞一般在詞尾加-er或-esthighshorthighershorter highestshortest以字母e詞尾的詞，加-r或-stlatefinelaterfinest latestfinest重讀閉音節(jié)詞詞尾

23、只有一個輔音字母時，先雙寫輔音字母，再加-er或-esthotbigthinfathotterbiggerthinnerfatterhottestbiggestthinnestfattest以“輔音字母+y”結尾的雙音節(jié)詞，先把“y”改為“i”，再加-er或-est funnyeasyearlyfunniereasierearlierfunniesteasiestearliest多音節(jié)詞和部分雙音節(jié)詞在詞前加more或mostbeautifulathleticoutgoingmore beautifulmore athleticmore outgoingmost beautifulmost a

24、thleticmost outgoing形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級不規(guī)則變化： 原 級 比較級 最高級 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther（更遠） further（更深遠） farthest(最遠) furthest（最深遠）as(原級)as與一樣 not as/soas不如Liming is as tall as Jim. Jack runs as fast as Tom.Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =L

25、ily is shorter than Lucy.語法知識：Is Tom smarter than Sam? No,he isnt. Sam is smarter than Tom.Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? No, she isnt. Tina is more outgoing than Tara.Are you a friendly as your sister? No, Im not. Im friendlier.Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Yes, she does.Whos more hardworking a

26、t school? Tina thinks she works harder than me.詞語辨析：laugh v. & n. 笑We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她說了個笑話，我們都大聲笑起來。We all laughed at his joke. 聽了他的笑話我們都笑起來。He laughs best who laughs last. 誰笑在最后，誰笑得最好。/不要高興得太早。（與at連用）嘲笑Dont laugh at him. 別嘲笑他。People have often laughed at stories told by s

27、eamen. 人們常常嘲笑海員所講的故事。Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那種愚蠢的滑稽動作。笑；笑聲 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我們被他的笑話逗得哈哈大笑。though conj. 雖然；縱然；即使；盡管 = althoughThough it was raining，he went there. 雖然當時正下著雨，他還是到那里去了。Though he was poor he was happy. 雖然他很窮卻很快樂。注意：不能受漢語的影響，在though引導的從句后使用but。如：Though

28、 he was poor，but he was happy.（誤）though adv. 不過，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗號隔開。Jim said that he would come, he didnt , though. Unit4 Whats the best movie theater?movie theater電影院 close to離近 clothes store服裝店 in town在鎮(zhèn)上 so far到目前為止 10 minutes by bus 坐公共汽車10分鐘的路程 talent show才藝表演 in common共同；共有 around the world世界各地；

29、全世界 more and more越來越and so on等等 all kinds of各種各樣的 for example例如 be up to是的職責；由決定 not everybody并不是每個人 make up編造（故事、謊言等） play a role in在方面發(fā)揮作用/有影響 takeseriously認真對待 give sb. sth.給某人某物 come true（夢想、希望）實現(xiàn)；達到Can I ask you some? 我能問你一些嗎？How do you like? 你認為怎么樣？Thanks for doing sth. 因做某事而感謝。What do you thi

30、nk of? 你認為怎么樣?much+ adj./adv.的比較級 得多watch sb. do sth. 觀看某人做某事play a role in doing sth. 發(fā)揮做某事是作用/在做某事方面扮演重要的角色one of+可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù) 之一語法：Whats the best movie theater to go to ? Town Cinema. Its the closest to home. And you can buy tickets the most quickly there?Which is the worst clothes store in town? Drea

31、m Clothes. Its worse than Blue Moon. It has the worst service.What do you think of 970 AM? I think 970 AM is pretty bad. It has worst music.語法：Do you want to watch the news? Yes, I do . / No, I dont.What can you plan to watch tonight? I plan to watch Days of Our Past.What do you expect to learn from

32、 sitcoms? You can learn some great jokes.Why do you like watching the news? Because I hope to find out whats going on around the world.What do you think of talk shows? I dont mind them./ I cant stand them!/ I love watching them!Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?think of認為 learn from從獲得；向?qū)W習 find

33、 out查明；弄清楚 talk show談話節(jié)目 game show游戲節(jié)目 soap opera肥皂劇 go on發(fā)生 watch a movie看電影 a pair of一雙；一對 try ones best盡某人最大努力 as famous as與一樣有名 have a discussion about就討論 one day有一天 such as例如dress up打扮；梳理 take sb.s place代替；替換do a good job干得好 something enjoyable令人愉快的東西 interesting information有趣的資料 one of之一 look

34、like看起來像 around the world全世界 a symbol of的象征let sb. do sth.讓某人做某事 plan to do sth.計劃/打算做某事 hope to do sth.希望做某事 happen to do sth.碰巧做某事 expect to do sth.盼望做某事 How about doing?做怎么樣？be ready to do sth.樂于做某事 try ones best to do sth.盡力做某事辨析1.the other, the others, other, others,another 辨析the other 表示特指兩個或者

35、兩部份中的另一個或另一部分，可直接單數(shù)名詞或復數(shù)名詞。表示兩個中的一個另一個時，常用one the other。例：He has two brothers, one is a teacher, the other is a doctor.There are forty students in our class. twenty-one are girls, the other nineteen are boys.the others 特指某一范圍內(nèi)的其他的（人或物），是the other的復數(shù)形式，相當于the other+復數(shù)名詞。the other + 復數(shù)名詞 = any other +

36、 名詞單數(shù)。例：You two stay here, the others go with me. Im different from Jeff because Im louder than the other kids (any other kid) in my class.other 作代詞或形容詞，可修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或復數(shù)。例：We learn Chinese, Maths, English and other subjects.others 作代詞，泛指“其他的人或物”。 例：Some students are doing homework,others are talking lou

37、dly.another 泛指同類事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一個”，只能代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。例：I dont like this one. Please show me another one. 3.find out 查明，弄清楚，find 找到 Please find out when Mrs Green will go to Beijing.4. go on 發(fā)生，與 take place 同義I wonder what was going on. 翻譯：隔壁發(fā)生了什么？ ？1. happen v.發(fā)生，一般指偶然發(fā)生，主語為事，不能為人。Sth + happens to sb. A

38、traffic accident happened to his elder brother yesterday.Sth + happens + 地點/時間，意為：某地/某時發(fā)生了某事An accident happened on Park Street.happen v，表示“碰巧”，主語可以是人，后常跟動詞不定式to,表示“碰巧”.Sb + happens to do sth.I happened to see my uncle on the street.5. take place 意為“發(fā)生，舉行，舉辦”，一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”，即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排。例：G

39、reat changes have taken place in China.The meeting will take place next Friday.6. expect v. 期待，盼望，預期，后常接四種結構：1)expect + 名詞/代詞，期待某事/某人，預計可能發(fā)生。Im expecting Li Lins letter.2)expect to do sth. 預計做某事Lily expects to come back next week.3)expect sb. to do sth.I expect my mother to come back early.4)expect

40、+ 從句 預計I expected that Ill come back next Monday.7. serious a. 嚴肅的，認真的。 He is a serious man.be serious about sb/sth. 對某人/某事當真Peter is serious about Jenny. He wants to get married to her.be serious about doing sth. 對某事當真 _Hes serious about selling his house.Unit6 Im going to study computer science.gr

41、ow up成長；長大 every day每天 be sure about對有把握 make sure確信；務必 sendto把送到 be able to能 the meaning of的意思 different kinds of不同種類的 write down寫下；記下 have to do with關于；與有關系 take up開始做；學著做 hardly ever幾乎不；很少 tooto太而不能/太以至于不能be going to+動詞原形 打算做某事 practice doing練習做某事 keep on doing sth.不斷地做某事 learn to do sth.學會做某事 fi

42、nish doing sth.做完某事 promise to do sth.許諾去做某事help sb. to do sth.幫助某人做某事 remember to do sth.記住做某事agree to do sth.同意做某事 love to do sth.喜愛做某事 want to do sth.想要做某事 be going to 的用法1） be going to + 動詞原形表示將來的打算、計劃或安排。常與表示將來的tomorrow, next year等時間狀語或when 引導的時間狀語從句連用。各種句式變換都借助be 動詞完成，be隨主語有am, is, are 的變換，goi

43、ng to 后接動詞原形?？隙ň洌?主語 + be going to + 動詞原形 + 其他。He is going to take the bus there.否定句： 主語 + be not going to + 動詞原形 + 其他 Im not going to see my friends this weekend.一般疑問句： Be + 主語 + going to + 動詞原形 + 其他肯定回答： Yes, 主語 + be. 否定回答： No, 主語 + be not.Are you going to see your friends this weekend? Yes ,I am.

44、 / No, Im not.特殊疑問句： 疑問詞 + be + 主語 + going to + 動詞原形 + 其他？What is he going to do this weekend? When are you going to see your friends?2) 如果表示計劃去某地，可直接用 be going to + 地點We are going to Beijing for a holiday.3) 表示位置移動的動詞，如go , come, leave 等常用進行時表示將來。The bus is coming. My aunt is leaving for Beijing ne

45、xt week.4) be going to 與 will 的區(qū)別： 對未來事情的預測用“ will + 動詞原形”表達，will 沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，變否定句要在will 后面加not, 也可用will 后面加 not,或者縮略式wont, 變一般疑問句將will 提至 句首。Will planes be large in the future? Yes, they will. / No, they wont.will 常表示說話人相信或希望要發(fā)生的事情，而be going to 指某事肯定發(fā)生，常表示事情很快就要發(fā)生。 I believe Lucy will be a great doct

46、or. 陳述將來的某個事實用will. I will ten years old next year.表示現(xiàn)在巨大將來要做的事情用 will.Im tired I will go to bed. 表示意愿用will.Ill tell you the truth. 表示計劃、打算要做的事情用 be going to, 而不用 will.Im going to buy a computer this month.-Lets discuss the plan, shall we? -Not now. I _ to an interview.A. go B. went C. am going D. w

47、as going -Jack is busy packing luggage. -Yes. He _for America on vacation.A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. has been away語法：What do you want to be when you grow up? I want to be an engineer.How are you going to do that? Im going to study math really hard.Where are you going to work? Im going to mov

48、e to Shanghai.When are you going to start? Im going to start when I finish high school and college.1 promise vt. 保證，許諾。有三種結構：1)promise to do sth. _My mother promised to buy a piano for me.2)promise sb. sth. _ My aunt promised me a bike.3)promise + that 從句_ Tom promises that he can return on mise n. 允諾， 諾言Lily is a dishonest girl. She never keeps a promise.2.when 與 while 的區(qū)別：when 表示“當時候”，既指時間點，又指一段時間，when 引導的時間狀語從句中的動詞可以是終止性的也可以是延續(xù)性的。When the teacher came in, the students were talk