開(kāi)放英語(yǔ)2教案【英語(yǔ)資料】

1、開(kāi)放英語(yǔ)（2）教案輔導(dǎo)教師 張業(yè)雀一、課程學(xué)習(xí)要求英語(yǔ)（2）是廣播電視大學(xué)公共英語(yǔ)系列課程第二學(xué)期的課程。本課程的教學(xué)目的是：通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)，學(xué)生應(yīng)能掌握一定的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能，具有一定的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)的能力，為下階段的學(xué)習(xí)打好基礎(chǔ)。本課程的重點(diǎn)是在加強(qiáng)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和基本技能訓(xùn)練的同時(shí)，重視培養(yǎng)學(xué)生實(shí)際使用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際的能力。本課程的學(xué)習(xí)要求和目標(biāo)主要體現(xiàn)在以下兩個(gè)方面： 1、語(yǔ)言知識(shí)語(yǔ)法與功能：學(xué)生應(yīng)能基本掌握并恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用所學(xué)的基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)和語(yǔ)言功能，具體內(nèi)容參見(jiàn)開(kāi)放英語(yǔ)2的“內(nèi)容概覽”。詞匯知識(shí)：學(xué)生應(yīng)能掌握1600個(gè)左右的常用詞匯（包括入學(xué)時(shí)要求掌握的600詞）和相關(guān)的常用詞組，具

2、體詞匯參見(jiàn)開(kāi)放教育2的單元詞匯表。2、語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用學(xué)生應(yīng)能聽(tīng)懂發(fā)音清楚、語(yǔ)速較慢的教學(xué)用語(yǔ)，日常用語(yǔ)和簡(jiǎn)單的日常交談；能夠讀懂與教材課文難度相當(dāng)?shù)亩涛呐c通知、便函等；能夠用便條傳達(dá)具體信息，寫(xiě)簡(jiǎn)短的私人信函。本課程的考核采取兩種形式：形成性考核和課程終結(jié)考試。課程總成績(jī)?yōu)榘俜种疲纬尚钥己苏?0%，課程終結(jié)考試占80%。形成性考核：包括對(duì)“形成性考核及學(xué)習(xí)檔案”中作業(yè)的完成情況，參加面授輔導(dǎo)的情況以及個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)記錄情況；課程終結(jié)考試：內(nèi)容包括大綱規(guī)定掌握的基本語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和技能。形式為閉卷，筆答?？荚嚂r(shí)間為120分鐘。終結(jié)考試滿分為100分，由中央電大統(tǒng)一命題，在同以時(shí)間全國(guó)統(tǒng)考。試卷分為四部分：聽(tīng)力、

3、英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用、閱讀理解、寫(xiě)作。試題結(jié)構(gòu)：聽(tīng)力理解有三種題型：a.判斷圖片，b.理解對(duì)話，c.理解段落，共20分；筆試部分由英語(yǔ)知識(shí)、閱讀理解、寫(xiě)作三個(gè)部分構(gòu)成。英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用的題型有：a.選擇填空b.完型填空，共40分；閱讀理解的題型有：a.詞匯匹配，b.短文理解，共20分；寫(xiě)作題型有：a.完成句子，b.書(shū)面表達(dá)，共20分。二、課程學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)a、各單元學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容： unit 19: a、一般過(guò)去時(shí) b.不定代詞unit 20: a、提出及回復(fù)建議 b.連詞although but because c. really 和very d.在餐廳點(diǎn)菜用語(yǔ)unit21: a、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 b.表示將來(lái) c.r

4、eturn. remt. hire等詞的用法unit22: a、動(dòng)賓搭配 b.表示頻度的詞語(yǔ) c.形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) d.動(dòng)詞+v-ing結(jié)構(gòu) e.副詞的用法 f.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)unit23: a、形容詞的順序 b.two和not enough c.one和ones d.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) e.形容詞性（名詞性）物主代詞，名詞+sunit25: a、使某人做某事：have/get sth done b.反身代詞 c.either, eitheror, either of, neither, either of, neithernor, both, both of, bothand的用法。 d、ask a

5、nd reyuest e.提出要求 f.短語(yǔ)close to, near to, surrounded by等用法。unit27: a、 take after, look like, used to, for, since, so的用法。 b、呆有if的真實(shí)條件句。unit28: a、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí) b.與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞 c.條件狀語(yǔ)從句unit29: a、描述地理位置 b.提出建議 c.特殊疑問(wèn)句 d.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)unit31: a、worry b.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 c.you用于泛指 d.介詞搭配unit32: a、動(dòng)詞不定式表示目的 b、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) c、to see sb

6、do sth see sb doing sth d、enough, instread of, e.間接引語(yǔ)unit33: a、與現(xiàn)在完成是連用的副詞 b、反意疑問(wèn)句 c、與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況相反的虛擬條件句 d、間接疑問(wèn)句 e、 to look, sound用作系動(dòng)詞 f、in spite of, apart from, except(for)unit34: a、must, have to, be allowed to 表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任 b、sure, certain, cant be, must be 表示確定性 c、表示方位的短語(yǔ) d、定語(yǔ)從句unit35: a、非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 b、動(dòng)詞的in

7、g形式 c、表示否定意義的前綴 d、over, under, about, noteither, neither, nor, so, too, indeed, certainly等詞的用法b各單元語(yǔ)法學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：unit19: 1、一般過(guò)去時(shí) （1）用法：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式表示，動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式可分為：a. 規(guī)則和不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，不隨人稱的變化而變化。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞原形加ed: askasked wantwanted以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，只加e: arrivearrived livelived只有一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重點(diǎn)閉音節(jié)，要先雙寫(xiě)輔音字母，再加ed:triptripp

8、ed planplanned輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的規(guī)則動(dòng)詞，先變y為i ,再加ed: trytried studystudied不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的變化是不規(guī)則的，需要在平時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)積累：dodid gowent bringbuought （2）一般過(guò)去式的肯定句：動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式表示 we waited for them for over an hour ast sunday. 上星期天我們等了他們一個(gè)多小時(shí)。 he played the piano in the class. 他在班上彈琴。（3）一般過(guò)去式的否定式a. 主語(yǔ)+didnt+v.+其他i didnt like swimming

9、when i was a child. 當(dāng)還是個(gè)孩子時(shí)，我不喜歡游泳。they didnt come to the party. 他們沒(méi)來(lái)參加聚會(huì)。 b. 主語(yǔ)+wasnt(werent)+其他he wasnt late. 他沒(méi)遲到。they werent at home yesterday. 他們昨天不在家。（4）一般疑問(wèn)句：did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 did you go swimming yesterday? yes,i did. 昨天你去游泳了嗎？ 是的。 did she watch tv last night? no,she didnt. 昨晚她去看電視了嗎？ 不，沒(méi)看。（5）特殊

10、疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他 how did she go there? 她怎么去那？ where were you born? 你在哪出生？2、不定代詞anything、something、nothing的用法。（1）something和nothing也可以用于肯定句。anything用于否定句。theyre got nothing to do. 他們無(wú)事可做。i havent got anything to do either. 我也沒(méi)事做。（2）形容詞修飾anything、something和nothing等不定代詞時(shí)要放在其后面： sometimes i like to

11、 watch something sad. 有時(shí)我喜歡看些傷感的東西。 why dont you write something sepecial? 為什么不寫(xiě)些點(diǎn)別的東西？unit 20: 1、連詞although、but和because的用法（1）although:雖然 although they tried to stop him,he decided to rescue her himself. although the plot is weak,the action is really fantastic. (2 ) but:但是 its very enjoyable,but its

12、 not a film to watch before bedtime! that cinema is very nice,but the ticket is quite expensive. (3 ) because:因?yàn)?because it was late,they did not go to the film. thats the easiest place to go to because its very near the tube.2、提出建議(1) how abouthow about seeing this one? 看這個(gè)怎樣？(2) what about what ab

13、out a cup of tea? 來(lái)杯茶怎樣？ (3) why dont why dont we have a rest? 為什么不休息一下呢？ (4) shall we shall we have a sandwich? 來(lái)份三明治好嗎？ (5) lets lets begin. 讓我們開(kāi)始吧。 (6) ok/ok then/thats a good idea/great 表示贊賞 (7) 如果不贊同他人建議，出于禮貌應(yīng)說(shuō)明理由或提出相反的建議： id rather id rather go home. 我寧愿回家。 id rather not.im quite sleepy. 還是別去了

14、。我挺困的。 (8) prefer sth./doing sth. 喜歡 would prefer to do sth. i prefer coffee. 我喜歡喝咖啡。 would you like to go to the cinema? 看電影嗎？ id prefer to go to the theatre. 我還是去看戲。（9）would rather+動(dòng)詞原形：更愿 would rather+not：不愿、不想 id rather have coffee. 我更愿意喝咖啡。3、very和really(1) 用法：a、都可修飾形容詞，但really語(yǔ)氣比very強(qiáng)； b、very可修

15、飾大多數(shù)形容詞，但不能與極限概念的形容詞搭配使用。 c、very and really都可修飾級(jí)別形容詞： a very good job (a really good job) a very funny film (a really funny film) d、極限形容詞只能用really修飾： really great a really perfect film a really excellent idea4、餐館點(diǎn)菜(1)could we have？could we have some fish and chicken? (2) ill haveill have an apple. (

16、3) for,pleasesalad for me,please. (4) id like:id like some milk and coffee.unit21：1、短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞+介詞（副詞）組成的固定結(jié)構(gòu)。a、 bring backhe brought the violin back. 他把小提琴帶回來(lái)。b、 take part inshe took part in a concert. 他參加了音樂(lè)會(huì)。c、 point outhe pointed out that she had made a mistake. 他指出她犯了一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。d、 find outwe found out th

17、at it was too hard for us to do it. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)要做這件事太難了。2、return等詞的用法（1）return和give back 返還，歸還；i lent her a book.she returned it last monday.我給她一本書(shū)，她上周一還了。she borrowed the book ,and gave it back on monday.她借了一本書(shū)，星期一就歸還了。（2）rent與hire:“租用”的意思，但“租用住的地方用rent”, “雇傭人做事”用“hire”im going to rent a flat. 我打算租一套間。i w

18、ill hire that company to organise the gig. 我要雇那家公司組織賽艇賽事。3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)（1）表示已做好的安排hes visiting her parents in beijing later this year.今年晚些時(shí)候他去看望在北京的父母。（2）be going to 表示計(jì)劃好的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)打算，計(jì)劃性。im going to finish my paper this may.今年5月我計(jì)劃寫(xiě)完我的論文。（3）will表示說(shuō)話時(shí)即時(shí)決定做的事情，預(yù)先設(shè)安排。im so tired. i think ill have a rest.我累了，

19、我得休息了。unit 22: 1、動(dòng)賓搭配：動(dòng)詞play, go 和do 都可以與表示運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目的詞匯搭配使用，表示從事某項(xiàng)體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。 （1）play與球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)搭配，也可指一切游戲類(lèi)活動(dòng)： play football (踢足球) play snooker (打臺(tái)球) play cards （打牌） play chess （下國(guó)際象棋）play mah-jong （玩麻將） （2）go與涉及身體移動(dòng)的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)搭配使用，通常為go+doing 的形式，例如：go running (跑步)go swimming （游泳）go rowing （劃船） （3）詢問(wèn)他人參加何種體育運(yùn)動(dòng)用動(dòng)詞do which

20、 sports do you ofter do ?你平時(shí)常參加什么運(yùn)動(dòng)？ （4）與do 搭配使用的還有下面這些運(yùn)動(dòng)do tai chi （練太級(jí)拳）do gymnastics （練體操）do the high jump (跳高) / kung fu (中國(guó)武術(shù))karate (空手道) / athletics (田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)) 2、表示頻度的副詞：下列副詞從左到右表示頻度增高never, accasionally, sometimes, often, usually, always(1)頻度副詞放行為動(dòng)詞之前：i sometimes go rowing on sundays.(2)在動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)之后：

21、my parents play cards occasionally on weekends.(3)在句首sometimes he plays basketball.(4)every+表示時(shí)間的名詞 every week (每周) every year （每年） every tuesday （每周二）(5)基數(shù)詞+times+a+表示時(shí)間的名詞：once an hour 一小時(shí)一次twice a week 一星期二次three times a month 一個(gè)月三次four times a year 一年四次 3、形容詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí) （1）用法：形容詞比較級(jí)用于兩者之間對(duì)比。結(jié)構(gòu)為：形容詞

22、比較級(jí)+than的結(jié)構(gòu)。最高級(jí)用于兩者以上的比較，結(jié)構(gòu)為：the+形容詞最高級(jí)。（2）形容詞比較級(jí)的構(gòu)成； a.一般加er: rich: richer: fast: fasterb.多音節(jié)詞前面加more.popular: more populardangerous: more dangerous c.有些形容詞的變化是不規(guī)則的； good: better many/much: more（3）形容詞最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：a.一般加est:rich: richest fast: fastestb.多音節(jié)詞前加most:difficult: most difficult popular: most pop

23、ularc.不規(guī)則變化：good: best bad:warst4、動(dòng)詞+v-ing結(jié)構(gòu)英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞后面可接動(dòng)詞的-ing形式，作賓語(yǔ)：they began reading the text.他們開(kāi)始朗讀課文。mary finished watering the flowers.瑪麗澆完花了。the students stopped talking when the teacher came to the classroom.當(dāng)老師到教師時(shí)，同學(xué)們停止了說(shuō)話。5、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）用法：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，也可表示某人的經(jīng)歷。（2）肯定句 ：主語(yǔ)+have(

24、has)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其它they have visited the tower of london.他們已參觀過(guò)倫敦塔了。she has been to the summer palace.她到過(guò)頤和園。（3）否定句：主語(yǔ)+havent (hasnt)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其它she hasnt been to the summer palsce.they havent visited the tower of london.（4）一般疑問(wèn)句：have(has)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞+其它+？has she been to the summer palace?yes,she has.(no,she

25、 hasnt)have they visited the tower of london?yes,they have .(no,they havent)unit 23: 1、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（1）用法：表示正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情（2）肯定句：主語(yǔ)+am(is、are)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞its raining 天正在下雨（3）否定句：主語(yǔ)+am not(isnt arent)+ 動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞。 they arent wearing long coats. 他們不穿長(zhǎng)大衣。（4）一般疑問(wèn)句：am (is, are)+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它+？are the boys running together?

26、yes,they are (no,they arent)男孩子們?cè)谝黄鹋懿絾?？是的。（不是?、形容詞的順序（1） 用法：多個(gè)形容詞修飾同一事物時(shí)，遵循一定的順序。（2） 長(zhǎng)度、高度、形狀等+顏色、性質(zhì)、式樣等+材料+物體my long black silk skirt(長(zhǎng)黑色絲綢裙子)a big red bus (一輛大的紅色公共汽車(chē))a little round wooden house (小的圓木屋)a long light brown wollen jacket.(一件長(zhǎng)淡褐色的羊毛夾克。)（3） 兩種顏色之間用 and 連結(jié)：blue and white shirt(藍(lán)白相同的襯衫。

27、)（4） 表示觀點(diǎn)，判斷的形容詞，常放最前面：nice, beautiful,lovely,terrible. a lovely blue dress.(一件可愛(ài)的藍(lán)衣服)a terrible black picture(一幅可怕的黑色畫(huà)) 3、物主代詞英語(yǔ)的物主代詞有形容詞性的和名詞性的。（1） 形容詞性的物主代詞放在名詞前，起限定作用：my book(我的書(shū)) their room(他們的房間)（2） 名詞性的物主代詞：代替前面提到的名詞my book is here .you can borrow mine.(我的書(shū)在這，你可借我的)各人稱的物主代詞在課本70頁(yè)，請(qǐng)同學(xué)們加強(qiáng)記憶。4、名

28、詞+s：表示所屬關(guān)系：marys dress(瑪麗的衣服) the cats food(貓食)unit 251、have /get sth done（1）用法：使人或安排人做某事，表示動(dòng)作并非由主語(yǔ)發(fā)出，而是讓別人來(lái)做的事情。i must get my hair cut.(該剪頭發(fā)了。)（2）這種結(jié)構(gòu)可使用不同的時(shí)態(tài)；i have the car painted every four months(每個(gè)月我把小車(chē)噴漆一次。)im having the tv repaired tommorrow(明天要修電視機(jī)。)they will get the bike fixed.(自行車(chē)要修了)2、反身

29、代詞單數(shù)： myself(我自己) yourself（你自己） himself（他自己） herself（她自己） itsself（它自己）復(fù)數(shù)： ourselves（我們自己） yourselves（你們自己） themselves（他們自己）（1）作狀語(yǔ)：we did it ourselves（這是我們自己做的。）will you paint the house yourselves?（你們粉刷房子的嗎？）（2）詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，不可省略：did he hurt himself?（他傷了自己?jiǎn)幔浚?）作介詞的賓語(yǔ)：he went out by himself.（他獨(dú)自走了）。3、either,

30、eitheror, either of的用法（1）用法：都表示兩者之間的選擇（2）例句：he is either in the classroom of in the library.（他不是在教室就是在圖書(shū)館）which city will you go?you can go either (of them)你想去哪座城市？你要去哪個(gè)都可以can either of you come to the meeting?你們倆誰(shuí)能來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)嗎？4、動(dòng)詞ask 和request的用法（1） ask:表示要求，請(qǐng)求they asked for tickets to guilin.(ask+for+sth)

31、i will ask tom for a list (ask+sb+for sth)my mother asked me to be careful. (ask sb+to do sth)（2）表示詢問(wèn)： theyve asked(me)about the price(ask sb+about sth)（3）request 表示“要求”，但比ask顯得更正式：i have requested early train (request +sth)5、neither, neither of,neithernor的用法（1） 表示“兩者都不”which of these two books do y

32、ou like?neither.(這兩本書(shū)你喜歡哪一本？?jī)杀径疾幌矚g。)which of the two boys would you like?neither of them.(這兩個(gè)男孩子你喜歡哪個(gè)？哪個(gè)都不喜歡。)neither the international hotel nor the guilin hotel has a swimming pool.國(guó)際大酒店和桂林賓館都沒(méi)有游泳池。6、both , both of, both and(1)表示兩者which of these two books do you like?i like both.which of the two b

33、oys would you like?i like both of them.both the international hotel and the guilin hotel have swimming pools.unit 261、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別。（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情影響到現(xiàn)在，著眼在現(xiàn)在。they have reserved rooms at the hotel so we can stay there tomorrow.他們已在賓館訂了房所以明天我們可以呆在那里。the old woman has wllected her visa.老婦人已拿到了簽證。（2

34、）在涉及具體時(shí)間內(nèi)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，如：lastnight , in(9)8 this morning等。i spoke to max in paris last might.he joined the army in (9)92、by 和 until/till的用法（1）by:不晚于，在之前they can finish the work by 3:00他們?cè)谌c(diǎn)鐘前可完成。he will get to the airport by 8 oclock.他會(huì)在17點(diǎn)前到機(jī)場(chǎng)。（2）until/till 到為止they ll be in beijing till friday.他們?cè)诒本┮恢贝舻叫?/p>

35、期五。i m in a meeting until one oclock.我開(kāi)會(huì)開(kāi)到一點(diǎn)種（2） until 常與否定句連用：“notuntil”意為“直到才”they didnt finish the work until last friday.直到上周五他們才干完活。3、tell 的用法（1）tell sb sth tell sb about sththe mother told the boy a long story.the old man told me about the trip.（2）tell sb to do sthtell him to be guiet（3）轉(zhuǎn)述他人的話

36、，引導(dǎo)間接引語(yǔ)?！癷 want to have a rest”i told him that i wanted to have a rest.4、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（1）可以表示推測(cè)：my parents could be at home.(可能)she cant be a teacher.（肯定）john must be busy. （確信）（2）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)。must have done 表示具有較大的可能性（一定，想必）；should have done表示應(yīng)該做的事而沒(méi)有做。he must have left the capt in the caf.他一定是將大衣丟

37、在咖啡館里。she should have put it in my room.她本應(yīng)將它放在我的房間里的。5、不定代詞：anything, everything, something. nothing anybody / anyone. everybody / everyone. somebody / someone. nobody no one.(1) any開(kāi)頭的不定代詞一般用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句。they didnt buy anything.can you see anybody?(2)其它的不定代詞一般用于肯定句：nobody can do it well.here is someth

38、ing wrong with my bike.(3)在下列問(wèn)句中，anything和something可以互換使用。do you want something to eat?do you want anything to eat?6、時(shí)間表示法：（1）用表示時(shí)間的名詞或名詞詞組：tomorrow morning; the day after tomorrow; the next day;two days later(兩天后)（2）用介詞和副詞來(lái)表達(dá)：in the morning(在早上)at night(在晚上)on mondy(在周一)7、表示移動(dòng)的介詞：英語(yǔ)中有些介詞表示動(dòng)作的移動(dòng)方向。t

39、owards the window（朝著窗戶）across the road （穿過(guò)馬路）along the beach（沿著海灘）down the street(沿著街道)unit 27:1、take after, look like, be like（1）take after(在家中年長(zhǎng)人的性格長(zhǎng)相像。he takes after his father. they are both wery musical.他像他父親，他們都很有音樂(lè)細(xì)胞。（2）look like (外表)長(zhǎng)得像she looks like her mum.they have the same eyes.她長(zhǎng)得像她母親，眼

40、睛都一樣。（3）be like ( 性格或行為上)像the daughter is like her mother, always rushing around.女兒很像媽媽，總是忙來(lái)忙去。2、used to 表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或常規(guī)。（1）肯定句：father used to smoke.（2）否定句：father didnt use to smoke, but he does now.（3）疑問(wèn)句：did you ues to stayl up late? yes,i did.3、for 和since 常用于完成時(shí)的時(shí)間（1）for 表示一段時(shí)間hes live in the

41、school for 20 years.（2）since:自從he has lived here since 1985.4、if 真實(shí)條件句（1） 用法：表示可能的條件及可能帶來(lái)的結(jié)果。（2） 結(jié)構(gòu)：if從句（現(xiàn)在時(shí)），主語(yǔ)（將來(lái)時(shí)）if it rains, i will not go.i will be much happier if he succeeds.if從句既可放句首，也可放句尾。5、so的不同表達(dá)（1）i find him so interesting （強(qiáng)調(diào)“如此”）（2）so if i do it ,you wont be able to come here.（結(jié)果“因此”）

42、（3）i like the film. yes , so do i .(倒裝“也”)（3） he reads more so that he can pass the exeme.(目的“這樣”)unit 281、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法（1）過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，經(jīng)歷，對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響。事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但著眼點(diǎn)在現(xiàn)在。we have discussed about the plan.（2）過(guò)去的經(jīng)歷對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。ive practised a lot.（3）與ever (曾經(jīng)) never(從不)連用時(shí)：heve you ever been to paris? 放在分詞前，一般在問(wèn)句中。he s nev

43、er been to mexico. 意為“從不”（4）have been to 和have gonexiao wang has been to wuzhou.(曾去過(guò))xiao wang has gone to wuzhou.(去了)2、與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的副詞：除了ever, never 還有just, yet , already.（1）just（剛剛）theyve just come in.放在助動(dòng)詞與分詞之前（2）yet表示要做的事情沒(méi)做。放句末，一般用于問(wèn)句或否定句。have you booked the ticked yet?no, i havent booked it yet.（3

44、）already:“已經(jīng)”用于肯定句，放在have(has)與分詞之間，也可放句尾。i ve already visited my teacher.ive visited my teacher already.unit 291、描述方位（1）一個(gè)地方在另一個(gè)地方的東（西、南、北）方向時(shí)：east(south,west,north) of chengdu is northwest of chongqing.成都位于重慶的西北。（2）一個(gè)地方在另一個(gè)地方范圍內(nèi)的某個(gè)方位：in the east(south, west, notth) ofkunming is in the southwest of

45、 china.昆明在中國(guó)的西南。（3）在某條河或者海岸線上，用介詞on:qingdao is on the coast.青島在海邊。（4）表示兩地之間的距離：數(shù)詞+距離單位+from:beiing is 1200 kilometers from shanghai.北京離上海有1200千米遠(yuǎn)。（5）離某地的旅途長(zhǎng)短：a+時(shí)間+旅行方式+from.nanning is a four-hour train journey from guilin. 坐火車(chē)到桂林用四個(gè)小時(shí)。2、提出建議why not go to the cinema?how about visiting our friend next

46、 week?why dont you go on with it?what about going to have a rest?you should visit dali ,it is so nice. if i were you ,id would go first.3、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)（1） 用法：表示過(guò)去某時(shí)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（2） 結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+was(were)+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞i was writing a letter at 4 yesterday.they were playing bsketball yesterday afternoon.（3） 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，前后兩個(gè)句子

47、可用when, while, as ,and 等連接。while i was having dinner, someone knocked the door.as i was watching tv,he called me .i was driving along the motorway when my car broke down.unit 311、 worry(1) be worried about 擔(dān)心he was worried about the test.（他為考試擔(dān)心）(2) worry+直接賓語(yǔ)：使煩惱，焦慮the new work worried him so much.

48、新的工作讓他挺操心。2、與動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞連用的介詞在疑問(wèn)句中的位置：在特殊疑問(wèn)句中，與動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞連用的介詞一般緊隨與其連用的相應(yīng)動(dòng)詞，名詞或形容詞之后：what are they interested in? (形容詞+介詞)他們對(duì)什么感興趣？what has he got experience in? （名詞+介詞）他在什么方面獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)？who were you talking about? （動(dòng)詞+介詞）你在談?wù)撜l(shuí)？what are you worried about? （動(dòng)詞+介詞）你擔(dān)心什么呢？unit 321、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（1）主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的實(shí)施對(duì)象，則用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。而主動(dòng)語(yǔ)

49、態(tài)指句子的主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者：the girls clean the room every day.(主語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài))the room is cleaned every day.(被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))（2）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞be的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式+過(guò)去分詞：the work has been done. （現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）this room is cleaned by the woman. (一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))the laptop was stolen by his neighbour. （一般過(guò)去時(shí)）the bike must be repaired by his father. （情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）the tru

50、th will be found out. （一般將來(lái)時(shí)）2、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)（1） 直接引語(yǔ)：引述別人的話時(shí)，不做任何改動(dòng)引用原話。將其放在引號(hào)內(nèi)；間接引語(yǔ)：用自己的話加以轉(zhuǎn)述，被轉(zhuǎn)述的話不放在引號(hào)內(nèi)；mary said,”i am very busy.”( 直接引語(yǔ))mary said that she was very busy.(間接引語(yǔ))（2）可以引述間接引語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般都是表示說(shuō)話的動(dòng)詞：say, tell, ask, report 等。（3）直接引語(yǔ)變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)中動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，形式，人稱代詞，時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)要有相應(yīng)的變化：jim said.”i like collect

51、ing stamps.”jim said that he liked collecting stamps (時(shí)態(tài)、人稱變化)the worker told me ,”ill finish the work today.”the worker tokd me that he would finish the work that day. (人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、時(shí)間變化)（4）如果直接引語(yǔ)是一般疑問(wèn)句或表示請(qǐng)求的陳述句，變成間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，需在引述動(dòng)詞ask后加if，然后將疑問(wèn)句改陳述語(yǔ)序：“can you talk to me?”the police office asked.the police offi

52、cer asked if she could talk to him.（5）如果直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，需要將疑問(wèn)句改成陳述句語(yǔ)序：susan asked,”how do you like the meeting?”susan asked how i liked the meeting.unit331、反意疑問(wèn)句（1）反意疑問(wèn)句中，若前一部分為肯定式后一部分用否定式；若前一部分為否定式，后一部分一般用肯定式。its snowing ,isnt it?it isnt raining.is it?（2）反意疑問(wèn)句前半部分陳述句中若使用了助動(dòng)詞。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后半部分先重復(fù)這些動(dòng)

53、詞，然后+（not）+主語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成簡(jiǎn)略問(wèn)句。a. to be:he isnt a teacher ,is he?they were in our school yesterday, werent they?b. to have / has:you have a daughter,havent you ?tom hasnt a computer, has he?c.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：you must turn off the light before you go ,musnt you ?she cant do it ,can she?d.助動(dòng)詞： we will be here tomorrow.wont we?you didnt order a cup of tea, did you ?（3）如反意疑問(wèn)句前半部分肯定句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，后半部分一般由dont/doesnt(一般現(xiàn)在時(shí))和didnt(一般過(guò)去時(shí))加主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。she looks like her mother, doesnt she?ther needed some rest, didnt they?（4）特殊情況的反意疑