英語句子成分[共35頁]

1、1 2 content CONTENTS 句子成分就是一個(gè)句子的各個(gè)組成部分。如果把一個(gè)句子 看成是一棵樹， 那么一顆樹的組成部分有樹干、樹枝、 樹葉；而一個(gè)句子的組成部分就有主語、謂語、賓語等。 英語中的句子成分主要有： 主語、謂語、表語、賓語、主語、謂語、表語、賓語、 定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語、同位語 3 一、主語（一、主語（subject）：）：句子說明的人或事物。主句子說明的人或事物。主 語一般位于語一般位于_ 。 主語的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化主語的主要類型包括：名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化 的形容詞或的形容詞或-ed-ed分詞、不定式、分詞、不定式、-in

2、g-ing分詞和分詞和( (主語主語) ) 從句等。從句等。 1名詞充當(dāng)主語。名詞充當(dāng)主語。 Young people love pop music Old people prefer classical music 句首句首 4 2代詞充當(dāng)主語。如：代詞充當(dāng)主語。如： It rains quite often in spring She was in a bad mood 3 數(shù)詞充當(dāng)主語。如：數(shù)詞充當(dāng)主語。如： Two plus two makes four Five will be enough 4名詞化的形容詞或名詞化的形容詞或-ed分詞充當(dāng)主語。分詞充當(dāng)主語。 如：如： The di

3、sabled are well taken care of 5 5不定式充當(dāng)主語。如：不定式充當(dāng)主語。如： To study hard is your duty Its not easy to look after a sick old man 6-ing分詞充當(dāng)主語。如：分詞充當(dāng)主語。如： Spitting in public is not allowed Being with you is terrific Its no use crying over the spilt milk (形式形式)主語主語 (真正的真正的)主語主語 6 7從句充當(dāng)主語從句充當(dāng)主語(該從句稱作主語從句該從句稱作

4、主語從句)。 That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us all 關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(從句從句) How the Cartoon became an instant hit is a long story 關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語關(guān)聯(lián)詞主語(從句從句) 7 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 二、謂語二、謂語 二、謂語二、謂語:說明主語說明主語做什么做什么或或怎么樣怎么樣。通常。通常 由由_ 充當(dāng)充當(dāng).動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞常分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞

5、,連系動(dòng)連系動(dòng) 詞詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞. 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞 8 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和和助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語, 必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語必須和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語. They can speak English well. They are playing over there. 9 三、賓語三、賓語 賓語賓語(object)表示動(dòng)作的承受者，在句中一表示動(dòng)作的承受者，在句中一 般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。 賓語的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不賓語的主要類型：名詞、代詞、副詞、不 定式、定式、-ing分詞、從句等。分詞、從句等。(能做主

6、語的詞能做主語的詞) 1名詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：名詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： Dry wood catches fire easily General questions cant puzzle the clever boy 2代詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：代詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： We can invite them to our party If you dont know the way，ask her 10 3副詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：副詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： The athletes left there just now 4不定式充當(dāng)賓語。如：不定式充當(dāng)賓語。如： Remember to bring your cell phon

7、e 5-ing分詞充當(dāng)賓語。如：分詞充當(dāng)賓語。如： You wont forget attending his farewell concert They stopped smoking at last 11 6從句充當(dāng)賓語。如：從句充當(dāng)賓語。如： Do you know how serious the situation is ? I dont understand what you mean 12 雙賓語雙賓語 有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語有些及物動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語: 直接賓語直接賓語 (Direct Object)和間接賓語和間接賓語(Indirect Object), 稱為雙賓語稱為雙賓

8、語.這兩個(gè)賓語往往這兩個(gè)賓語往往一個(gè)指人一個(gè)指人(一般為一般為 間接賓語間接賓語), 另另一個(gè)指物一個(gè)指物(一般為直接賓語一般為直接賓語). 間間 接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前接賓語一般放在直接賓語之前. He gave me a book. 間接賓語間接賓語直接賓語直接賓語 13 有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)間接賓語, 也可將間接賓也可將間接賓 語后置語后置, 并在其前加上介詞并在其前加上介詞to或或for. He gave a book to me. He bought this book for me. 注意注意: 如果直接賓語是人稱代詞如果直接賓語是人稱代詞, 則間則間 接賓語必須后

9、置接賓語必須后置, 并在其前加上介詞并在其前加上介詞to 或或for. Heres your report. Dont forget to show it to your parents. 14 15 系動(dòng)詞 Add your title表示狀態(tài)表示狀態(tài) Add your title Add your title Add your title感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞 變得變得 一直保持一直保持 看起來，似乎看起來，似乎 seem， appear 16 名詞名詞 His father is a teacher. b. 代詞代詞 This book is mine. c. 形容詞或分詞短語形容詞或分詞

10、短語 The leaves turn yellow in autumn. The teacher was satisfied with your work. The story is very interesting. 17 d. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 One plus one is two. e. 動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞短語動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞短語 My job is looking after her. What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest. 18 f. 副詞或介詞短語副詞或介詞短語 Sorry, my father isnt in. Tom is

11、 in Shanghai now. g. 從句從句 The question is why we should put off the meeting. 19 定語：修飾主語、賓語和表語定語：修飾主語、賓語和表語 在翻 譯時(shí)往往譯為 “的” 后置定語后置定語 前置定語前置定語 20 形容詞形容詞 Newton is a famous scientist. b. 名詞名詞 Lets listen to the weather forecast first. 21 c. 動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞 Our school is going to build a swimming pool. d. 分詞短語或動(dòng)詞不

12、定式短語分詞短語或動(dòng)詞不定式短語 She is reading an interesting book. I have no pen to write with. 22 e. 介詞短語或副詞介詞短語或副詞 I havent got the solution to the problem. I used to live in the room above. f. 從句從句 The man who is coming toward us is my English teacher. 23 24 副詞副詞 Who can write beautifully? b. 介詞短語介詞短語 Were goi

13、ng to spend the holiday at the seaside. c. 分詞短語分詞短語 Not knowing what to do, I decided to give up. 25 d. 動(dòng)詞不定式短語動(dòng)詞不定式短語 His mother often comes to see him. e. 名詞名詞 Please come this way. f. 從句從句 As soon as the teacher came in, all the students stood up. 26 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語賓補(bǔ)復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：賓語賓補(bǔ) n adj adv. 介詞 短語 分詞短語與 動(dòng)詞不定

14、式 27 I consider your brother a clever boy. I found the classroom empty. I saw him enter the room. I believe him to be honest. I heard the boy crying. He left the girl in the room. 28 八、八、 同位語同位語 在一個(gè)句子中在一個(gè)句子中, 一個(gè)名詞或一個(gè)名詞或 代詞代詞, 或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或或相當(dāng)于名詞的短語或 從句從句, 放在另一個(gè)名詞或代詞放在另一個(gè)名詞或代詞 之后之后, 用以說明它的性質(zhì)或情用以說明它的性質(zhì)或情

15、 況況, 被稱為同位語被稱為同位語(Appositive). 可作可作 同位語的通常有同位語的通常有: 29 名詞名詞 This is my best friend, Tom. b. 代詞代詞 We all got a surprise. c. 數(shù)詞數(shù)詞 This prize is for you two. d. 從句從句 I had no idea that you were here. 30 就是一個(gè)最簡單的句子構(gòu)就是一個(gè)最簡單的句子構(gòu) 成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當(dāng)于一棵樹的樹成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相當(dāng)于一棵樹的樹 干部分。并由此構(gòu)成了英語的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu)干部分。并由此構(gòu)成了英語的

16、五種基本結(jié)構(gòu) S+V 主語謂語主語謂語 S+V+P 主語系動(dòng)詞表語主語系動(dòng)詞表語 S+V+O 主語謂語賓語主語謂語賓語 S+V+o+O 主語謂語雙賓語主語謂語雙賓語 S+V+O+C 主語謂語賓語賓補(bǔ)主語謂語賓語賓補(bǔ) 31 content 1. S+V 主謂（不及物動(dòng)詞） 英語五種基本句型英語五種基本句型 The sun was shinning. The moon rose. We all breathe, eat and drink. Lucy gets up early every morning. He had slept for a long time when I came in.

17、His parents have worked in the factory for more than 10 years. 32 content 2. S+V+P 主系表 英語五種基本句型 This is an English dictionary. The dinner smells good. He fell asleep. His face turned red. The well has gone dry. He is growing tall and strong. 33 content 3. S+V+O 主謂賓 英語五種基本句型 Who knows the answer? He enjoys reading. He has refused to help them. He admits that he was wrong. 34 content 4. S+V+ o + O 主謂間賓直賓 英語五種基本句型 He brought you a dic