大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解模擬試題及答案詳解

1、大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解模擬試題及答案詳解1What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. Were 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情結(jié)) lie

2、s in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(經(jīng)濟作物) wasnt eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been

3、 one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nations food has come to be 5 by importspizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the countrys most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has

4、been a medium for the nations defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sitins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 6 .But strong opinions have not

5、brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. Its no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagi

6、nation in such bondage(束縛). Its what we eatand how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangersthat help define America as a community today.A. answer I. creativeB. result J. beliefC. share K. suspiciousD. guilty L. certaintyE. constant M. obsessedF. defined N. identifyG. vanish O. idealsH. adapted答

7、案及解析1. D feel是一個系動詞，可以判斷此處應(yīng)填入一個形容詞，通過上下文意思，以及后面介詞about, 可以確定選項為D項guilty, 短語feel guilty about sth. “對感到有愧”。全句的意思為“我們很愛吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有負(fù)罪感”。2.M be obsessed with 為固定搭配，原意為“被附上/纏住/迷住心竅”，放在本句表示“十分重視”。全句的意思為“我們很關(guān)心健康和減肥，但肥胖卻又空前地在蔓延”。3. A 本句缺一個名詞作主語，并且根據(jù)和介詞to的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項answer.4. I本句根據(jù)more和ways可以判斷出需要填入一個形容詞構(gòu)

8、成比較級，根據(jù)上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，卻激發(fā)了更多新奇的方法來酗酒”，可以確定I為正確選項。5. F 本題較難。根據(jù)be 和by 確定應(yīng)填入一個過去分詞。再根據(jù)上下文，上文表示“應(yīng)該吃典型的美國人吃的食物”，下文通過 but 轉(zhuǎn)折，表示實際上“美國的食物已經(jīng)被諸如比薩和熱狗這樣的舶來品所詮釋了”，因此可以確定F為正確選項。6.B政治結(jié)果，可根據(jù)宗教原因religious reasons來推斷此處填政治結(jié)果。7. L由于橫線后面沒有賓語，可以確定不是形成bring的短語，這樣本句所缺的為一名詞，做bring的賓語。根據(jù)下文解釋，“美國人對他們所吃的食物的態(tài)度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意

9、義為“堅定的觀點也不是確定不變的”。因此可以確定L為正確選項。8. K系動詞become后應(yīng)填入一個形容詞，和后面介詞of形成短語be/become suspicious of “對感到懷疑”。9. J本句缺一個名詞作主語，并且根據(jù)和介詞in的搭配，可以推斷出正確選項belief，(have)belief in sth.“ 相信”。10. C本句是一般現(xiàn)在時，缺一個動詞，且和with 搭配，確定選項為share, share sth. with sb., “與某人分享某事”。大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解模擬試題及答案詳解2Baekeland and Hartmann report that the “

10、short sleepers” had been more or less average in their sleep needs until the men were in their teens. But at about age 15 or so, the men voluntarily began cutting down their nightly sleep time because of pressures from school, work, and other activities. These men tended to view their nightly period

11、s of unconsciousness as bothersome interruptions in their daily routines.In general, these “short sleeps” appeared ambitious, active, energetic, cheerful, conformist(不動搖) in their opinions, and very sure about their career choices. They often held several jobs at once, or workers full-or part-time w

12、hile going to school. And many of them had a strong urge to appear “normal” or “acceptable” to their friends and associates.When asked to recall their dreams, the “short sleepers” did poorly. More than this, they seemed to prefer not remembering. In similar fashion, their usual way of dealing with p

13、sychological problems was to deny that the problem existed, and then to keep busy in the hope that the trouble would go away.The sleep patterns of the “short sleepers” were similar to, but less extreme than, sleep patterns shown by many mental patients categorized as manic(瘋?cè)?.The “l(fā)ong sleepers” we

14、re quite different indeed. Baekeland and Hartmann report that these young men had been lengthy sleeps since childhood. They seemed to enjoy their sleep, protected it, and were quite concerned when they were occasionally deprived of their desired 9 hours of nightly bed rest. They tended to recall the

15、ir dreams much better than did the “short sleepers.”Many of the “l(fā)ong sleepers” were shy, anxious, introverted (內(nèi)向), inhibited (壓抑), passive, mildly depressed, and unsure of themselves (particularly in social situations). Several openly states that sleep was an escape from their daily problems.1. Ac

16、cording to the report,_.A) many short sleepers need less sleep by natureB) many short sleepers are obliged to reduce their nightly sleep time because they are busy with their workC) long sleepers sleep a longer period of time during the dayD) many long sleepers preserve their sleeping habit formed d

17、uring their childhood2. Many “short sleepers” are likely to hold the view that _.A) sleep is a withdrawal from the realityB) sleep interferes with their sound judgementC) sleep is the least expensive item on their routine programD) sleep is the best way to deal with psychological troubles3. It is st

18、ated in the third paragraph that short sleepers _.A) are ideally vigorous even under the pressures of lifeB) often neglect the consequences of inadequate sleepC) do not know how to relax properlyD) are more unlikely to run into mental problems4. When sometimes they cannot enjoy adequate sleep, the l

19、ong sleepers might _.A) appear disturbedB) become energeticC) feel dissatisfiedD) be extremely depressed5. Which of the following is Not included in the passage?A) If one sleeps inadequately, his performance suffers and his memory is weakenedB) The sleep patterns of short sleepers are exactly the sa

20、ne as those shown by many mental patientsC) Long and short sleepers differ in their attitudes towards sleepD) Short sleepers would be better off with more rest答案：DCBAB 貝克爾和哈特曼報道說，“睡眠少的人”在未進入少年期之前，其正常睡眠時間大致與所需要的時間差不多。但到了15歲左右，由于學(xué)校、工作或其它活動的地壓力，他們就故意地減少了夜間睡眠的時間。這些人持有這樣的觀點：夜間睡眠是一件令人討厭的事情，打斷了日常事務(wù)。總的說來，這些

21、“睡眠少的人”表現(xiàn)得雄心勃勃、積極活躍、精力充沛、無意識樂觀豁達、立場堅定，對自己職業(yè)的選擇胸有成竹。他們往往同時從事幾項工作，或者一邊上學(xué)讀書，一邊從事專職或兼職工作。其中許多人有強烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表現(xiàn)得“正常”或“合群”。當(dāng)讓他們回憶夢境時，“睡眠少的人”回憶不起什么來。更有甚者，他們似乎情愿什么都記不住。類似的情況是他們通常處理心理問題的方式：不承認(rèn)問題的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻煩總會過去的?！八呱俚娜恕钡乃吣Ｊ脚c被劃入瘋子之類精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不過沒有那么嚴(yán)重而已。 “睡眠多的人”情形則大不相同。貝克爾和哈特曼報道說，這些年輕人從小的，有抱負(fù)的睡眠就一直很

22、長。他們好像注重睡眠，不讓睡眠受打攪。偶爾沒有所需的9個小時夜間臥床休息，他們便會十分不安。他們比“睡眠少的人”要更能回憶得起夢的內(nèi)容。許多“睡眠多的人”靦腆、焦躁、內(nèi)向、壓抑、消極和稍微有點兒沮喪，尤其在社交場合缺乏自信。好幾個人坦言，睡眠是擺脫每天煩惱的一種方式。 大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解模擬試題及答案詳解3Upon reaching an appropriate age (usually between 18 and 21 years), children are encouraged, but not forced, to “l(fā)eave the nest” and begin an ind

23、ependent life. After children leave home they often find social relationship and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in th

24、e United States; young adults meet their future spouses (配偶) through other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.In many families, parents feel that children should ma

25、ke major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide

26、not to go into his fathers business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his fathers workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the A

27、merican family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self reliance and independence.1. The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show which of the following?A) They enjoy the freedom of choosing their spouses.B) They want to win the permission of

28、 their parents.C) They have a strong desire to become independent.D) They want to challenge the authority of their parents.2. Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of _.A) loveB) financial concernC) their parentsD) family background3. Based on the passage, it can be assumed that _.A

29、) American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parentsB) most American people never make major decisions for their childrenC) American young adults possess cultural values of independenceD) once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently4. A son is unw

30、illing to work in his fathers business mainly because _.A) he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in schoolB) he wants to prove his independenceC) he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve ofD) he wants to show his love for his parents5. The subject matter of this selection

31、is _.A) family valuesB) marriage arrangementsC) the pursuit of a careerD) decision making答案：CACBA 子女一旦到適當(dāng)年齡（通常是18至21歲），要鼓勵而不是強迫他們“離開窩的，財政的巢”，開始獨立生活。小孩離開家后，往往在外能夠與人交往，并自謀出路。父母不為子女安排婚姻，子女結(jié)婚也通常無需獲得父母同意。在美國，浪漫的愛情往往是婚姻的基礎(chǔ)，青年人通過朋友在學(xué)校、單位、組織以及宗教團體認(rèn)識自己的，愛情的未來的伴侶。盡管子女自己擇偶，他們?nèi)匀幌Ｍ改改苷J(rèn)同他們的選擇。許多家庭的父母認(rèn)為，應(yīng)由子女自己來做他們

32、生活中的重大決定。家長可能會設(shè)法影響子女去從事某一職業(yè)，但子女也有選擇其它職業(yè)的自由。有時為了證實自己的獨立性，子女從事的工作正好與父母希望的相反。兒子可能執(zhí)意不去父親的企業(yè)工作，因為擔(dān)心在那里就不能獨立自主。這種不依靠父母的獨立性并不意味著父母與子女之間缺乏愛心。父母和子女之間普遍都有摯愛，美國家庭也毫不例外。只不過在美國家庭之中，還融合了自主、獨立的文化價值觀念。大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解模擬試題及答案詳解4Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in sho

33、rt, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span. The length of time ofr which the eyes stop -the duration of the fixation -varies considerably from person

34、 to person. It also vaies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes mov

35、e across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of

36、a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises

37、 are very clever, but its one thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question

38、 the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.Q: 1. The time of the recognition span can be affected by the following facts except _ .A. ones familiarity with the te

39、xtB. ones purpose in readingC. the length of a group of wordsD. lighting and tiredness2. The author may believe that reading _.A. requires a reader to take in more words at each fixationB. requires a reader to see words more quicklyC. demands an deeply-participating mindD. demands more mind than eye

40、s3 What does the author mean by saying “but its one thing to improve a persons ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently.” in the second parapraph?A. The ability to see words is not needed when an efficient reading is conducted.B. The reading exer

41、cises mentioned cant help to improve both the ability to see and to comprehend words.C. The reading exercises mentioned cant help to improve an efficient reading.D. The reading exercises mentioned has done a great job to improve ones ability to see words.4. Which of the following is NOT true?A. The

42、visual span is a word or a group of words we see each time.B. Many experts began to question the efficiency of eye training.C. The emphasis on the purely visual aspects is misleading.D.The eye training will help readers in reading a continuous text.5. The tune of the author in writing this article i

43、s _A criticalB neutralC prssimisticD optimistic答案：CCCDA 解題思路1 C。事實細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段提到了影響視幅的因素：不同的人，不同的閱讀目的，對材料的熟悉程度，光線，疲勞。C“一組詞的長度”不是能影響視幅的因素，是本題的答案。2 C。觀點態(tài)度題。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛訓(xùn)練課程只注重了閱讀的視覺因素。倒數(shù)第二句書哦，閱讀要求具備理解單詞間關(guān)系的能力。因此選項C“閱讀需要大腦的深度參與”正確。作者沒有否定閱讀的視覺因素的必要性，但是也沒有說讀者應(yīng)該練習(xí)拓寬視幅，加快閱讀速度。所以AB兩項都不正確。作者沒有對大腦和眼睛在閱讀過程中的重要性進行

44、對比，所以不選D3 C。 作者在這句話中先是肯定了那些閱讀練習(xí)提高看單詞的能力，然后提出了有效閱讀概念。后面句中還指出，有效閱讀需要的是理解單詞間的聯(lián)系的能力。所以作者的意思應(yīng)該是那些（訓(xùn)練眼睛的）閱讀練習(xí)對與有效的閱讀無益。B與文章相反。D句是蘊涵其中一個意思，卻不是作者想表達的方向。4 D。 第二段最后一句說，眼睛訓(xùn)練對于幫助讀者閱讀連貫文章無益，所以D是錯的，是本題答案。5 A。 參考前面的結(jié)構(gòu)剖析，作者寫本文的主要目的是對那些只關(guān)注閱讀的視覺因素的閱讀能力課程進行批判，所以答案應(yīng)該是A。大學(xué)英語四級閱讀理解模擬試題及答案詳解5Our quarrel with efficiency is

45、 not that it gets things done, but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves, and that it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly. In building bridges, American engineers calculate so finely and exactly as to make the two ends come together within

46、 one-tenth of an inch. But when two Chinese begin to dig a tunnel from both sides of a mountain both come out on the other side. -The Chineses firm belief is that it doesnt matter so long as a tunnel is dug through, and if we have two instead of one, why, we have a double track to boot.The pace of m

47、odern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. But, worse than that, it imposes upon us a different conception of time as measured by the clock and eventually turns the human being into a clock himself. (This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for in

48、stance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.)Nevertheless, such efficiency is what makes life so hard and full of excitement. A man who has to be pu

49、nctually at a certain place at five oclock has the whole afternoon from one to five ruined for him already. Every American adult is arranging his time on the pattern of the schoolboy - three oclock for this, five oclock for that, six-thirty for change of dress, six-fifty for entering the taxi, and s

50、even oclock for arriving at the destination. It just makes life not worth living.1. The writer objects to efficiency mainly on the grounds that it _.A) entitles us to too much leisure timeB) urges us to get things done punctuallyC) deprives us of leisure timeD) imposes on us a perfect concept of tim

51、e2. In the eyes of the author, the introduction of industrial life gives rise to _.A) the excitement of lifeB) magnificent idling of timeC) more emphasis on efficiencyD) terrifying schoolboy3. The passage tells us _.A) Chinese workers come to work when it is convenientB) all Americans are forced to

52、be efficient against their willC) Chinese engineers are on better terms with the managementD) Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency4. The author believes that relaxing the rule of punctuality in factories would lead to _.A) great confusionB) increased productionC) a hard and exciting li

53、feD) successful completion of a tunnel5. What is implied but NOT stated by the author is that _.A) every American is arranging his time in the pattern of a schoolboyB) every American is reluctant to be efficientC) every one should have some time to spend as he pleasesD) being punctual is an undesira

54、ble habit which should not be formed 答案：1.C)deprives us of leisure time對應(yīng)原文第一句but that it is a thief of time when it leaves us no leisure to enjoy ourselves. 選項A是與作者想法完全相反的; 選項B雖有章可循, 但要注意原文是it strains our nerves when we try to get things done perfectly, 而非it直接urges us to get things done punctually;

55、 選項D要看清, 原文是a different conception of time而非a perfect concept of time. 2.C)more emphasis on efficiency對應(yīng)原文第二段第一句The pace of modern industrial life forbids this kind of glorious and magnificent idling. 通過第一段可以看出, 與efficiency對立的是this kind of glorious and magnificent idling, 而industrial life又forbids, 自

56、然說明industrial life gives rise to more emphasis on efficiency.3.D)Americans ought not to work so hard for efficiency. 排除法: A)Chinese workers come to work when it is convenient不符合原文()中的內(nèi)容; B)all Americans are forced to be efficient against their will語氣太重, 不是被強迫講求效率, 也不是違背自己意愿, 只是為了適應(yīng)工業(yè)社會; C)Chinese en

57、gineers are on better terms with the management不屬于本文討論范疇。4.A)great confusion對應(yīng)原文(This sort of thing is bound to come to China, as is evident, for instance, in the case of a factory of twenty thousand worker. The luxurious prospect of twenty thousand workers coming in at their own sweet pleasure at all hours is, of course, somewhat terrifying.)5.C)every on should have some time to spend as he pleases, 這是4個選項中唯一一個符合is implied but NOT stated兩個條件的. A選項有被直接提及, B選項