帶超導(dǎo)磁儲能系統(tǒng)的微電網(wǎng)和用液態(tài)氫冷卻的超導(dǎo)電纜模塊原文及翻譯

1、課程名稱：專業(yè)外語課程設(shè)計設(shè)計題目：帶超導(dǎo)磁儲能系統(tǒng)的微電網(wǎng)和用液態(tài)氫冷卻的超導(dǎo)電纜模塊院系:電氣工程系專業(yè):電子信息工程年級:2009姓名:李郎指導(dǎo)教師：曾怡達西南交通大學(xué)峨眉校區(qū)2012年6月15日課程設(shè)計任務(wù)書專業(yè)電子信息工程姓名李郎學(xué) 號20098148開題日期：2012年3 月1日完成日期：2012年6月15 日題 目：帶超導(dǎo)磁儲能系統(tǒng)的微電網(wǎng)和用液態(tài)氫冷卻的超導(dǎo)電纜模塊一、設(shè)計的目的著重提高學(xué)生在運用外語解讀專業(yè)文獻方面的實踐技能，樹立嚴謹?shù)目茖W(xué)作風(fēng)，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生綜合運用理論知識解決實際問題的能力。學(xué)生通過對IEEE上有關(guān)電力電子論文資料查找、了解、翻譯、學(xué)習(xí)，初步掌握微型超導(dǎo)發(fā)電網(wǎng)的

2、國內(nèi)外 的最新進展，了解超導(dǎo)電網(wǎng)的組成模塊以及實現(xiàn)預(yù)想功能所必須的額外的條件， 明白整個工程中的各個框架間的基本關(guān)系及電能的變換、流動。掌握相關(guān)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的基本的專業(yè)術(shù)語。二、設(shè)計的內(nèi)容及要求本課程設(shè)計初步地列出了超導(dǎo)微電網(wǎng)的國際研究背景， 分析了超導(dǎo)微電網(wǎng)的 基本組成模塊，明晰每一個模塊的基本作用。了解各個模塊的核心部件的工作原 理及作用、功能實現(xiàn)的條件。通過對圖文對比、分析來對文獻作者的傳詞達意作 基本的猜測、推敲，提升自身的自我學(xué)習(xí)水平是本次專業(yè)外語的目的。三、指導(dǎo)教師評語四、成績指導(dǎo)教師（簽章）帶超導(dǎo)磁儲能系統(tǒng)的微電網(wǎng)和用液態(tài)氫冷卻的超導(dǎo)電纜模塊錯誤！未定義書簽。一、 介紹4二、DC MI

3、CRO GRID MODELING（ 直流微電網(wǎng)的建模）6A. Wind Turbine Generator Systems （風(fēng)力渦輪發(fā)電機系統(tǒng)） 7B. Energy Storage and Compensation Systems （能量儲存和補償系統(tǒng) ） 7C. Hybrid Energy Tran smission System（混合能量傳輸系統(tǒng)） 10D. Other Modules 12三、仿真及結(jié)果14四、總結(jié)15Micro Power Grid System With SMES and SuperconductingCable Modules Cooled by Liquid

4、 Hydrogen帶超導(dǎo)磁儲能系統(tǒng)的微電網(wǎng)和用液態(tài)氫冷卻的超導(dǎo)電纜模塊Abstract For future power system, a micro power grid system,which is mai nly composed of several power modules, such as superc on duct in g(SC)cable,superc onducting magn etic en ergy storage(SMES) system, hydroge n system, fuel cell (FC) system, renewable energy m

5、odules, and power converter modules, is expected .In the grid system, hydroge n mainly produced by renewable energy is liquefied for cooling down of the SC cable and SMES, and is stored in a tank for generation of the electric power through the FC.Since the SMES has quick response to | power fluctua

6、tion and the fuel cell with the hydroge n can supply con sta nt electric power for Ion ger time, the comb in ati on of the SMES and the FC can gen erate highly qualified electric power. The cable can simulta neously t|an sfer both electric power and hydroge n fuel with refrigerant energy.We investig

7、ate functions of various power modules and simulate the power bala nce of the micro grid to estimate the en ergy recovery rate. It is found that the proposed micro grid can reduce the en ergy tran sfer loss.摘要：對于未來電力系統(tǒng)，一種微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)，它主要由幾個電力模塊組成，如超 導(dǎo)電纜，超導(dǎo)磁儲能系統(tǒng)，氫系統(tǒng)，燃料電池系統(tǒng)，可再生能源模塊，和功率轉(zhuǎn) 換模塊，在電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)中，主要用可再生能源產(chǎn)生

8、的氫被液化后并冷卻超導(dǎo)電纜和 磁能儲存系統(tǒng)，(產(chǎn)生的氫)儲存在一個容器中，這個容器主要用來盛裝燃料電 池產(chǎn)生電能所需的燃料。由于磁儲能系統(tǒng)對電能的波動有很快的響應(yīng)速度，因此 用氫作為燃料的燃料電池可以提供恒定的、更長時間的高質(zhì)量的電能。該電纜可以同時傳輸電能和用于制冷作用的氫燃料。我們分析了各電力模塊的功能和并模擬了微電網(wǎng)功率平衡，并用此來估計（該種微電網(wǎng)）的能量回收率。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)， 該微電網(wǎng)可以減少能量傳遞損失。Index Terms Energy transmission, liquid hydrogen, micro grid, renewable en ergy sources.關(guān)鍵詞：

9、能量傳輸，液態(tài)氫，微電網(wǎng)，可再生能源亠、介紹HYDROGEN plays an importa nt role, since it reacts with oxyge n to form water and to produce electric power through fuel cell (FC) without exhausting (C02)a nd thereby it is frie ndly to global en vir onment. Liquid hydroge n( LH2) storage system is one of the most promising sy

10、stems among other storage systems such as compressed gas hydroge n( GH2) or stori ng in metal hydrides because of high volumetric density. (LH2)is available for a coolant of magn esium diboride (MgB2) and high temperature superc on ductors (HTS). It was found that stability of BSCCO-type HTS coils i

11、n LH2 aga inst disturba nces is higher than that in the liquid helium . The system combined With LH2 and superc on duct ing (SC) equipme nt allows SC mach ines to operate at high efficie ncy and the LH2 to store a large amount of en ergy in compact space . While thesuperc on duct ingmagn eticen ergy

12、storage(SMES)ca ninstantaneously deliver large power, it has a weak point for a long term operati on.氫演著重要的角色，因為它與氧氣反應(yīng)生成水，并且它是燃料電池產(chǎn)生電能的燃料，同時沒有排出（二氧化碳），從而氫是一種對環(huán)境友好的能源。由于氫（在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)氣壓下）所占的體積較大，液態(tài)氫存儲系統(tǒng)在所有氫儲存系統(tǒng)中是最有前途的系統(tǒng)，其他的存儲系統(tǒng)有壓縮氣體氫或儲存在金屬氫化物中。液態(tài)氫可以作為二硼化鎂和高溫超導(dǎo)的一種冷卻劑。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，在防干擾方面液態(tài)氫中的Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O1O 型高溫超導(dǎo)線圈的穩(wěn)定性

13、比在液態(tài)氦氣中線圈的穩(wěn)定性要高。該系統(tǒng)結(jié)合了液態(tài)氫和超導(dǎo)設(shè)備， 該系統(tǒng)允許超導(dǎo)裝置高效率運行， 也允許液態(tài)氫在緊湊空間內(nèi)儲存大量的能量。 雖然超導(dǎo)磁儲能可以瞬間提供大功率， 對于長期運行來說它有一個缺點 1“uf OC micro zrid system cojiibincd with Jiquid hydrufcjmid siipurconduclin equipment. 2 Vt : power Irom WT. J l ; power to jjcrienil 1oadT cooling load and 1 qiicting toad of T l 2. f 匕匚:power ta

14、i I ( electrolyses mes power ro/fretm SMES. /y： : Power from FC. ： Stored energy OHs, /jj= mass flow of ? H .On the other hand. The FC and LH2 system has large capacity and can gen erate bon sta nt power fqr a long time. Therefore, the comb in ati on of SMES with FC+H2 can satisfy various electric p

15、ower dema nds. In rece nt years, wind turb ines and PV cells using ren ewable en ergy sources have bee n inten sively developed because of global environmental protection.However, since windspeed and solar radiatio n fluctuate quickly or largely, it is difficult to ensure a stable supply of power. T

16、he power system gen erated by stochastic ren ewable en ergies has bee n studied in 5, 6. The micro grid with SMES and FC+H2 systems can compe nsate the fluctuatio n from the ren ewable en ergy sources and can maintain the power quality , and hence the ren ewable en ergies are got rid of installation

17、 limit. In this paper, we propose DC micro grid system with SMES and FC+H2, and investigate how the micro grid system absorbs the electric power fluctuati on from the wind turb ine gen erator system (WT) for the power quality. In addition, we study SMES adequate capacity under general power supply f

18、rom the wind farm and gen eral power dema nd in Japa n.另一方面，燃料電池和液態(tài)氫系統(tǒng)容量大，它能長時間產(chǎn)生恒定的電 能。因此，磁儲能系統(tǒng)、液態(tài)氫系統(tǒng)、燃料電池系統(tǒng)的結(jié)合能滿足各 種不同的電力需求。近年來由于環(huán)境保護，使用可再生能源的風(fēng)力渦 輪機和太陽能光伏電池已經(jīng)深入發(fā)展了。然而，由于風(fēng)速以及太陽輻射在很大范圍內(nèi)劇烈、迅速地波動，這很難確保穩(wěn)定的電力供應(yīng)。通過隨機的、不穩(wěn)定的可再生能源來發(fā)電的電力系統(tǒng)在文獻5， 6中作了研究。帶磁儲能系統(tǒng)、燃料電池和氫系統(tǒng)能補償來自再生能源的 波動，也能維持電能的質(zhì)量，因此這種可再生能源拜托了安裝的局限

19、性。在本文中，我們提出了帶磁儲能系統(tǒng)、燃料電池和氫系統(tǒng)的直流 微電網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)，并探討分析了風(fēng)力渦輪發(fā)電系統(tǒng)的電功率波動是如何對 微電網(wǎng)功率波動產(chǎn)生影響的。此外，我們不僅分析了用風(fēng)電場來實現(xiàn) 一般電能供應(yīng)時的大容量的磁儲能系統(tǒng)，也分析了日本總體上的電力需求。二、 DC MICRO GRID MODELING（ 直流微電網(wǎng)的建模）The schematic of LH2-SCDC micro grid is shown in Fig. 1. It is composed of the ren ewable en ergy power modules, the power con verter modu

20、les, the water electrolyser plants, the hydrogen liquefier plants, LH2 storage thermal in sulati on tan ks, GH2,O2 and the purified water tan ks, the superc on duct ing applicationssuch as SMES in the LH2 tank, and FC modules and theelectrical and chemical energies transportation system. The | hybri

21、d energy tran sportati on system is composed of LH2 the tran sportatio n pipeli ne with the direct curre nt superc on duct ing cable （DCSC cable）.| In this paper, the micro grid is in depe ndent ofthe power utility, n amely sta nd-al one system .In whatfollows,we design a micro grid maintaining stab

22、le power supply for a high tech ni cal in stitute.微電網(wǎng)的示意圖如圖1所示。它由可再生能源發(fā)電模塊，電能轉(zhuǎn)換模 塊，水電解裝置，氫液化裝置，隔熱的液態(tài)氫儲存箱，氣態(tài)的氫氣、 氧氣和水凈化裝置，使用了超導(dǎo)的系統(tǒng)，如液態(tài)氫中的磁儲能系統(tǒng)， 燃料電池模塊和電氣和化學(xué)方面的能量輸送系統(tǒng)。混合能源輸送系統(tǒng) 是由氫的運輸管道組成的，該管道帶有直流的超導(dǎo)電纜（dcsc電纜）。 在本文中，微電網(wǎng)是獨立的電力系統(tǒng)。接下來，我們設(shè)計了一個為高 科技機構(gòu)供電的微電網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定電力供應(yīng)的一種微電網(wǎng)。TABLE IParameters oh HTS SMESItemValue

23、rated current1350 Arated voltage3kVinductaiKc0 - 550 Hrated power10 MWstored energy0 - 50（） MJroundtrip efficiencies90%cooling methodimmersion in LH? 20.3 KA. Wind Turbine Generator Systems（風(fēng)力渦輪發(fā)電機系統(tǒng)）The ren ewable power such as WT is a kind of stochastic power source which varies according to weath

24、er. In this study, we assume that the rated power of wind farm is 60MWa nd rated gen erator voltage is DC-690 V. We simulate the power balanee considering the power fluctuation from an actual wind farm. It is not required that the stochastic renewable energy sources should always supply to the power

25、 dema nd. The en ergy man ageme nt tech no logy can con trol to store and to compe nsate the stochastic en ergy.A:風(fēng)力渦輪發(fā)電機所發(fā)出可再生能源是一種隨機電能源，隨天氣而變化。在這項研究，我們假定，風(fēng)電場的額定輸出功率為60MW，風(fēng)電場的額定輸出電壓為DC-690V.考慮實際風(fēng)電場功率波動，我們模擬了 功率平衡。總是要求風(fēng)電場所發(fā)出的（電能質(zhì)量）隨機的電能能夠滿 足用戶要求，這是不可能的。電能管理技術(shù)能夠儲存和補充這種隨機 的電能（使之滿足用戶的用電需求）B. Energy Sto

26、rage and Compensation Systems（能量儲存和補償系統(tǒng)）SMES has high resp onse and large power output, since SC coil stores en ergy in mag netic en ergy state. Rece ntly, 5 MVA-10 MJ class SMES was developed for instantaneous voltage dips. Moreover, SC coil wound HTS for SMES at LH2 boiling temperature (20 K) have

27、 been studied in 1 -3, 9. SMES compe nsates in sta ntan eous voltage dips and power shortage duri ng a period from start to rated power of the FC, or recovers surplus energy from FC modules after FC is tur ned off. We assume SMES parameters in Table I. The SMES capacity is changed from 0 to 500 MJ t

28、o survey the energy recovery rate in the micro grid. The relati on ship betwee n voltage and curre nt of SMES is described as follows:磁儲能系統(tǒng)具有較高的響應(yīng)和較大的輸出功率，因為超導(dǎo)線圈將能量存儲在磁能量狀態(tài)。最近為瞬間壓將，5MVA-10MJ級的磁儲能系統(tǒng)被開發(fā)出來。此外，為了儲能系統(tǒng)(正常運行)，高溫超導(dǎo)線圈在的 氫沸點溫度(20K )時線圈的損傷情況在參考文獻1、3 、 9作了 研究。磁儲能系統(tǒng)補償瞬時電壓下降和為燃料電池從開始工作到發(fā)出 額定功率的電能

29、這段時間提供電能供應(yīng)，或者磁儲能系統(tǒng)可以恢復(fù)燃料電池關(guān)閉后所留下的剩余能量。我們假設(shè)磁儲能系統(tǒng)的基本參數(shù)如 表一.為了研究微電網(wǎng)能量恢復(fù)速率，將磁儲能系統(tǒng)的容量從0變?yōu)?00MJ。磁儲能系統(tǒng)的電壓與電流之間的關(guān)系間的描述如下：dis(t) 一 Vsdt _ Lswhere Ls is SMES coil inductanee. Vs SMES coil voltage andis is current inSMES coils. The chemical en ergy of H2 is about 142 MJ/kg. It is possible to store huge en ergy

30、, since volumetric den sity becomes large through compressi on and liquefact ion of H2 gas. The surplus electric power producesH2 and O2 through electrolysis of water. H2 production rate mH 2 (g/s) through electrolysis of water is described as follows:Ls是磁儲能系統(tǒng)中的電感線圈，Vs是線圈電壓、is是線圈中的電流。 氫氣燃燒值是142焦耳/千克

31、。這是可能的儲存大量的能量，通過把氫 氣壓縮、液化后，其密度將增大，這就能大量地儲能。剩余的電能可 用來通過電解水來生產(chǎn)氫氣和氧氣。通過電解水所得到的表示氫氣產(chǎn)率(克/秒)是通過下面的式子來描述：m H 2 二一Pel t 1 - exp( -t/10 .0)丨一 (2)2VcFwhere MH2 =2.016g/mol is the molar mass of H2 ,Vc =1.6V is the electrolyser voltage, F=96485.6 C/mol is the Faraday con sta nt and PEL is in put power to the el

32、ectrolyser. The model of water electrolysers is based on descripti ons in 10.The efficiency of the electrolyser is about 70%.H2 reacts with 02 to produce water and electric power through FC. Moreover, it is possible to gen erate con sta nt power output for a long term as long as the H2 is stored.The

33、 warm-up period is shorten by starting operation, since a solid polymer membra ne-type FC (PEFC) is able to operate un der relatively low temperature(15 C to 85 C ).The output response of FC modules with rated power of 1 kWis approximated by follow ing equati on 11:When FC turn onMH2 =2.016g/mol是氫氣的

34、摩爾質(zhì)量，Vc是加在電解槽上的電壓， F=96485.6C/摩爾是法拉第常數(shù)和PEL是輸入到電解槽的功率。電解 水的模型是基于文獻10中的描述。電解槽的效率約為70%。氫氣和 氧氣反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生水并通過燃料電池產(chǎn)生電能。此外，只要有了氫的存儲，提供長時間、恒定的電能供應(yīng)就是可能的。因為基于一種固體聚合物 的燃料電池能夠運行在相對較低的溫度(15 C-85C),故通過啟動操作可以縮短系統(tǒng)啟動時間。額定功率為1KW的燃料電池模塊的輸出響應(yīng)可以近似地采用以下公式：Nfc當(dāng)燃料電池打開時：PFc(t)=1000 7 1-exp(-ti/46.8)i TN FC當(dāng)燃料電池關(guān)閉時：PFc(t)=1000 v e

35、xp(-tj/46.8)uWhere NFC is nu mber of operat ing FC un its. The FC output is con trolled through number of operating FC for the power balanee. In Table II, the FC system specificatio n is show n 。是燃料電池的運行單元的數(shù)目。為達到功率平衡，燃料電池的輸出功 率通過控制運行單元的數(shù)量來控制。 在表二中列出了燃料電池系統(tǒng)的基本參數(shù)C. Hybrid Energy Tran smissio n System(

36、混合能量傳輸系統(tǒng))We desig n detailed hybrid en ergy tran smissi on system to estimate the loss of LH2 transportation pipeline with the DCSC cable and necessary LH2 as chemical en ergy in the micro grid. Each eleme nt of the micro grid is conn ected with DCSC cable that is laid in LH2 transmission pipeline (

37、Fig. 2). The cross-section of LH2 transmission pipeline with DCSC cable is shown in Fig. 3.This pipeli ne has the multi-layer in sulator (MLI) and liquid n itroge n (LN 2)channel as thermal shield.The transmission amount of LH 2 is about 12.7 ton /day (equal to about Plh2 =20.8M HHV) which correspo

38、nds to one thousa nd FC vehicles with rated power output 100 kW for over 2 hours.The hydroge n for the tran smissi on is mainly gen erated and liquefied by excessive no ctur nal utility power. Power to gen erate hydroge n and to liquefy hydrogen is estimated at 27.8 MW and 8.6 MW . On the other han

39、d, hydroge n in the grid is produced by the surplus ren ewable en ergy. Th。micro grid is able to decrease number of transformers compared to the conventional powersystem since the DCSC cable can transmit the electric power which isoperated at low voltage and high current without loss.The DCSC cable

40、ismade by MgB2 tapes which has cross-secti on shape of w3.6x t0.65mm . Thecritical curre nt of MgB2 superco nductor tap es is 350 A under 0.1 T 14, and a total critical current of DCSC cable is 24.5 kA, since it is possible to wind 72 tapes from radial build in Fig. 3. When voltage to ground is 690

41、V, the DCSC cable rated power is 16.9 MW. However, refrigeration power to cool pipeline is requires. The thermal in comes on each refrigera nt are described as followi ng on e-dime nsional heat-c on ducti on and fracti on loss equatio n:我們設(shè)計了帶有直流超導(dǎo)電纜的液態(tài)氫傳輸管道并以必要的液態(tài)氫作為化學(xué)能的微電網(wǎng)的混合能量傳輸系統(tǒng)， 并以此來評估傳輸中的能 量損

42、失。微電網(wǎng)的每一個元素均與直流超導(dǎo)電纜進行連接，該直流超導(dǎo)電纜被安置在液態(tài)氫輸送管道中。圖3展示了帶超導(dǎo)直流電纜的十 字交叉的液態(tài)氫傳輸管道。這種輸送管道以液態(tài)氮作為熱屏蔽層并由多層絕緣層。一天的液態(tài)氫傳輸量有12.7噸，相當(dāng)于一千個額定輸出 功率為100KW的燃料電池（工作）兩個小時。傳輸?shù)臍渲饕^剩的 夜間有效的電能來產(chǎn)生和液化。用于產(chǎn)生和液化氫的電能估計分別為 27.8MW和8.6MW.另一方面，氫可以通過電網(wǎng)中過剩的可再生能源 來產(chǎn)生。微電網(wǎng)相比傳統(tǒng)的電網(wǎng)來說，它能夠減少變壓器的使用，因 為直流超導(dǎo)電纜能無損、低壓降地傳輸電能。直流超導(dǎo)電纜由橫截面 積為w3.6 t0.65mm的帶狀二

43、硼化鎂構(gòu)成。小于0.仃的二硼化鎂超導(dǎo) 帶的臨界電流為350A，因為可以沿著徑向纏繞72條超導(dǎo)帶，故直流 超導(dǎo)電纜的總臨界電流可達25.5KA,當(dāng)對地電壓是690伏，直流超導(dǎo) 電纜的額定功率為16.9兆瓦。然而，冷卻管道時要有必要的冷卻功率， 每個模塊所滿足的一維的熱傳導(dǎo)和熱損失方程如下：Q LN 2|LH 2LN 2|LH 21 In、jv kj-(Tout _ Tr e )1 v2 m -2 dmWhere Q(W) is the thermal in comes to each refrigera nt,二 0.1 (aro und 77 K)3or 0.02 (around 20 K)

44、is efficiency of cryocooler, l = 50 10 m is the pipeline dista nee, kj (W/m *K) is an equivale nt thermal con ductivity of each layer, dj is the outer diameter of each layer, Tout is outer side temperature (293 K or LN2 boiling temperature), Tref is refrigerant temperature (LH2 or LN2 boiling*temper

45、ature), m (kg/s) is the math flow of each refrigerant, is the friction coefficient of pipe, v (m/s) is velocity of fluid and dm is the hydraulic mean depth .In order to keep the SC cable stable and the refrigera nt at steady state,we assume the followi ng restricti ons:Pressure drop of LH2: less tha

46、n 0.3 MPa.Pressure drop of NH2: less than 0.5 MPa.Velocity of refrigerants: less than 10 m/s.Temperature rise of LH2: less tha n 1 K.Temperature rise ofLN2 : less than 5 K.We calculate the total thermal in come from MLI of 15 to 25 mm in thick ness. As a result, we obtain the total refrigerator powe

47、r of 589 kW, (This result leads to the loss rate( Q/(Pvr+Rh2 )=0.13) and LN2 mass flow (m = 1.43kg/s), and make an optimum radial build (Fig. 3).Q(W)是制冷劑吸收的熱能，是制冷劑的工作效率，是管道的長10 (mm)度，kj (W / m K)是每層等效導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)。d j是每層的外徑，Tout是外部 的溫度，Tref是制冷劑的溫度，m是制冷劑的流量，是管與制冷劑間 的摩擦系數(shù)，v是液體的流動速度，dm是流動的制冷劑的平均深度。 我們計算出ML1的厚度從

48、15mm變到25mm時所吸收的總熱量，結(jié)果 我們達到總的制冷功率為589kw，相應(yīng)的熱損失率為1.3%、液氮流 量為1.43kg/s,最佳的徑向布置如圖3所示IJ L channelLNjPrixeetorMLIC Urruylt亡d pjpeFig. 3. Cross-scciion Lind radius buHd diagrams of LH transmission pipeline with HTS electrical power cable.D. Other ModulesEach module is in terfaced to the DC bus through the p

49、ower conv erter. We assumed that AC-DC converter has the conversion efficiency of about 99%. DC-DC choppers have the conv ersi on efficie ncy of 95 to 98%.每個模塊均通過電力變換器與直流總線連接在一起，我們假設(shè)交流到 直流的變換效率可達到99%，直流斬波器的變換效率可達95%98%E. System Control Algorithm（系統(tǒng)控制算法）The con trol flow of en ergy man ageme nt on mi

50、cro grid is show n in Fig. 4. Si neeSMES has high responsible and roundtrip efficiencies, it is a first priority for operati on .It is impossible to operate SMES whe n stored en ergy in SMESES reaches maximum energy of SMES Ex or minimum energy of SMESEmin which is zero. We define two thresholds tha

51、t is upper line ValueE；p and lower line value E：ow . If stored energy of SMES runs over these thresholds,I/O is suppressed. But when there is rapid and large power fluctuation, the power fluctuatio n is absorbed by SMES.微電網(wǎng)能量管理的控制流圖如圖4所示。由于磁儲能系統(tǒng)在改圖中具 有重要的地位和較高能量往返效率，這是（系統(tǒng)）中優(yōu)先級最高的操作。當(dāng)其儲存的能量達到上限值或者磁儲能

52、系統(tǒng)中的能量達到最低的 下限值（為0）時，要控制磁儲能系統(tǒng)是不可能的。我們設(shè)置了上限 值和下限值，當(dāng)磁儲能系統(tǒng)中的能量超過這兩個閥值時，輸入、輸出 會被抑制，但又較為劇烈、快速的功率波動時，磁儲能系統(tǒng)能吸收或 者釋放劇烈波動的能量。Fig. Conlrol flow of micro ricl for energy mutiaefncnt. *加 is number of operated三、仿真及結(jié)果HI- SlMLTk/VTIOM AINO RESVkTSA . S ATC7etpm:ily cimi RmmwryWe si imilkkle the p iwei fill w mid I

53、uel jw Hy M ATTI .All/ Simuliiik. The slocliastic wind power Jtui1 the generalload _Tl are sliown in Fi. 5- There are some periods durinji Jv-! V OT at around 3600 sccond. 14400 second and 3QCXK) set?inl 500(0 xtcoiiii. Wu slutiy S VI FlS ciiipacrily !ind energy recovery factor within the voltage finctnation rangc of 士 鄉(xiāng);- We Ht (i ne Ike i_t!ve.ry Iacjtor- f iis ( jI 1roluGCl is .7 which cq uals to FEC electro I ysers efficiency, Tlic calculation resu If isI-ig. 5. Example oulpul power of wind turhincs generators from the wind farm and