(最新整理)英國文學史及選讀2017期末復(fù)習-名詞解釋(最新中英)

1、(完整)英國文學史及選讀 2017期末復(fù)習-名詞解釋(最新中英)(完整)英國文學史及選讀 2017期末復(fù)習-名詞解釋(最新中英) 編輯整理：尊敬的讀者朋友們：這里是精品文檔編輯中心，本文檔內(nèi)容是由我和我的同事精心編輯整理后發(fā)布的，發(fā)布之前我們對文中內(nèi)容進行仔細校對，但是難免會有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整)英國文學史及選讀 2017期末復(fù)習-名詞解釋(最新中英)）的內(nèi)容能夠給您的工作和學習帶來便利。同時也真誠的希望收到您的建議和反饋，這將是我們進步的源泉，前進的動力。本文可編輯可修改，如果覺得對您有幫助請收藏以便隨時查閱，最后祝您生活愉快 業(yè)績進步，以下為(完整)英國文學史及選讀 2017

2、期末復(fù)習-名詞解釋(最新中英)的全部內(nèi)容。11名詞解釋 english literaturedefinition of terms1 ballad（民謠）： 1）ballad is a story in poetic form to be sung or recited。 2) ballads were passed down from generation to generation. 3） robin hood is a famous ballad singing the goods of robin hood. coleridges the rime of the ancient mar

3、iner is a 19th century english ballad。2 critical realism（批判現(xiàn)實主義)1)the critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the beginning of fifties。2)the realists first and foremost set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint and delineated

4、the crying contradictions of bourgeois reality. but they did not find a way to eradicate social evils。3） charles dickens is the most important critical realist.3 enlightenment: with the advent of the 18th century, in england, as in other european countries， there sprang into life a public movement k

5、nown as the enlightenment. the enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. the social inequality， stagnation， prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. they attempted to place all branches of science at the service of man

6、kind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.啟蒙主義:啟蒙主義是在18世紀在英國發(fā)生的?？傮w上，啟蒙主義是當時的資產(chǎn)階級對封建主義，社會的不平等、死寂、偏見和其他的封建殘余的一種反對。通過將科學的各個分支與人民的日常生活和需要聯(lián)系起來，啟蒙主義者們努力將他們變成為人民大眾服務(wù)的工具4 stream of consciousness： “streamof-consciousness” or “interior monologue”, is one of the modern litera

7、ry techniques。 it is the style of writing that attempts to imitate the natural flow of a characters thoughts， feelings， reflections, memories, and mental images as the character experiences them. it was first used in 1922 by the irish novelist james joyce。 those novels broke through the bounds of ti

8、me and space， and depicted vividly and skillfully the unconscious activity of the mind fast changing and flowing incessantly, particularly the hesitant， misted, distracted and illusory psychology people had when they faced reality。 the modern american writer william faulkner successfully advanced th

9、is technique. in his stories, action and plots were less important than the reactions and inner musings of the narrators. time sequences were often dislocated。 the reader feels himself to be a participant in the stories， rather than an observer. a high degree of emotion can be achieved by this techn

10、ique. 意識流：“意識流”或“內(nèi)心獨白”是現(xiàn)代寫作技巧之一。它是像是人物親身經(jīng)歷的那樣來模仿人物思想、感覺、回憶、和頭腦中意象來寫作的一種手法。愛爾蘭作家詹姆斯喬伊斯于1922年首次使用這種方法。意識流小說打破了時間和空間的限制,生動地描寫人物不斷變化的潛意識活動，尤其是當人們面對現(xiàn)實時的猶豫和充滿困惑、幻覺和心不在焉的那種心理。美國作家?？思{對這種技巧做了進一步的發(fā)展，在他的故事中，行為和情節(jié)相比敘述者的反應(yīng)和內(nèi)心活動已經(jīng)不那么重要了，時間順序被打破，讀者仿佛置身于故事中而不僅僅是一個觀察者。5 epic: a long narrative poem telling about the

11、deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated.beowulf is the greatest national epic of the anglosaxons. john milton wrote three great epics: paradise lost, paradise regained and samson agonistes.6 sonnet（十四行詩）definition： a sonnet is a lyric poem consisting o

12、f a single stanza of fourteen iambic pentameter lines， restricted to a definite rhyme scheme。7 english romanticism:romanticism was an artistic,literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in europe，and gained strength in reaction to the industrial revolut

13、ion。 in part，it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the age of enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature。it was embodied most strongly in the visual arts，music，and literature，but had a major impact on historiography,education and natura

14、l history.浪漫主義 是一種藝術(shù)，文學和文化運動，起源于第十八世紀下半葉在歐洲,并獲得了力量 對工業(yè)革命的反應(yīng).在某種程度上,這是一個反對啟蒙和對自然的科學合理化反應(yīng)時代的貴族社會和政治規(guī)范的反抗 它在視覺藝術(shù)、音樂和文學中表現(xiàn)得最為強烈，但對史學、教育和自然史產(chǎn)生了重大影響。8 romance羅曼史/騎士文學: 1)romance is a popular literary form in the medieval england。 2） it sings knightly adventures or other heroic deeds. 3) chivalry （such as

15、bravery, honor， generosity, loyalty and kindness to the weak and poor） is the spirit of romance。9 renaissancemeans“rebirth”.itmeantthereintroductionintowesterneuropeofthefullculturalheritageofgreeceandrome.theessenceoftherenaissanceishumanism.therealmainstreamoftheenglishrenaissanceistheelizabethand

16、rama。10 neo-classicism新古典主義 it is an english tendency in the enlightenment period when the classical works of ancient greek and roman writers and those of the contemporary french ones were worshipped。 the neoclassicists believe that the artistic ideals should be order， logic，restrained emotion and a

17、ccuracy and the literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.11 metaphysical poetry玄學派詩歌： the poetry of john donne and other 17th century poets who wrote in a similar style。 metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit and excess， ingenious structure， irregular meter, colloq

18、uial language, elaborate imagery， and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas。 the imagery is drawn from actual life。 玄學詩：約翰多恩的詩或17世紀其他詩人寫的相同風格的詩。玄學詩多使用巧智，結(jié)構(gòu)精巧，韻律多變，語言口語化，意象奇特,把不同的事物進行并置.12 dramatic monologuedramaticmonologueisapieceofspokenversethatoffersinsightintothefeelingsofthespeaker.aformpract

19、icedberobertbrowning。戲劇獨白是一種通過劇中一角色的話語以揭示劇中的中心人物的性格特點的詩體，簡言之戲劇獨白就是以人之口吻以戲劇性的表現(xiàn)形式闡述微妙的人物關(guān)系從而凸顯詩中各個人物的性格特點.featureofdramaticmonologue1。asingleperson，whoispatentlynotthepoet,uttersthespeechthatmakesupthewholeofthepoem,inaspecificsituationatacriticalmoment.2。thispersonaddressesandinteractswithoneormoreo

20、therpeople.3.themainprinciplecontrollingthepoetschoiceandformulationofwhatthelyricspeakersaysistorevealtothereader，inawaythatenhancesitsinterest,thespeakerstemperamentandcharacter.13 heroic couplet(英雄雙韻體） heroic couplet refers to the rhymed couplet in iambic pentameterheroic couplets are lines of ia

21、mbic pentameter that rhyme in pairs （aa, bb, cc).the heroic couplet： 1） it means a pair of lines of a type once common in english poetry， in other words， it means iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines. 2） the rhyme is masculine. 3) use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by geoffrey chaucer.14

22、 university wits（大學才子） university wits refer to a group of scholars during the elizabethan age who graduated from either oxford or cambridge. they came to london with the ambition to become professional writers。 some of them later became famous poets and playwrights. they were called university wits

23、”15 beowulf（貝奧武甫) 1beowulf， a typical example of old english poetry， is regarded as the greatest national epic of the anglo-saxons。 2 the epic describes the exploits of a scandinavian hero， beowulf, in fighting against the monster grendel， his revengeful bother, and a firebreathing dragon in his dec

24、lining years. while fight against the dragon, beowulf was mortally wounded, however， he killed the dragon at the cost of his life, beowulf is shown not only as a glorious hero but also as a protector of the people.16 paradise lostis anepic poeminblank verseby the 17thcentury english poetjohn milton。

25、 it is considered by critics to be miltons major work, and it helped solidify his reputation as one of the greatest english poets of his time。 the poem concerns thebiblicalstory of thefall of man: the temptation ofadam and eveby thefallen angelsatanand their expulsion from thegarden of eden. miltons

26、 purpose， stated in book i, is to ”justify the ways of god to men。17 utopia moore wrote the books name。described in a island called utopia， political and social system is very perfect, because of the abolition of private property, the public ownership， not evil， everyone is engaged in the work， and

27、have plenty of time to rest， entertainment， or for scientific research。due to represent fantasy realm。莫爾所寫的書名。書中描寫在一個叫烏托邦的小島上，政治、社會制度十分完美,由于廢除了私有財產(chǎn)，實行公有制，沒有罪惡，人人從事勞動,又有充裕的時間休息、娛樂或進行科學研究。因以代表不著邊際的空想境界.utopia intended for ”no place” or good place”.extension of ideal， cant be done a good thing， the chi

28、nese translation can also be interpreted as black” is not， ”is on， state is a country, the unification of the meaning of ”utopia three word is ”dream country”烏托邦(utopia)本意為“沒有的地方”或者“好地方”。延伸為還有理想，不可能完成的好事情，其中文翻譯也可以理解為“烏”是沒有，“托”是寄托，“邦是國家，“烏托邦”三個字合起來的意思即為“空想的國家”18 macbeth 麥克白full title the tragedy of m

29、acbeth， is a tragedy by william shakespeare； it dramatises the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power for its own sake. of all the plays that shakespeare wrote during the reign of james i, who was patron of shakespeares acting company, macbeth most

30、clearly reflects the playwrights relationship with his sovereign。and is his shortest tragedy. macbeth was a marshal of king dunken of scotland， one day,he met 3 witches ，they told him some crazy words， and his wife mrs macbeth roused him againsted king dunken,and became a king himself.macbeth obey，a

31、nd did it. then ，son of dunken wanted to revenge，he lead the army from england and destroyed his enemys country，and put macbeths head chop off 。 and the most beautiful mrs macbeth killed herself to stop the shame。 19 othello 奧賽羅(the tragedy of othello, the moor of venice） is a tragedy by william sha

32、kespeare, believed to have been written in 1603。 it is based on the story un capitano moro （”a moorish captain） by cinthio, a disciple of boccaccio。 the story revolves around four central characters： othello, a moorish general in the venetian army； his beloved wife, desdemona； his loyal lieutenant， cassio； and his trusted but ultimately unfaithful ensign， iago。 given its varied and enduring themes of racism, love， jealousy， betrayal， revenge and repentance， othello is still often performed in professional and community theater alike， and has been t