2020年中考英語語法語法高頻考點(diǎn)提升訓(xùn)練專題6動(dòng)詞

1、專題6 動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)一、動(dòng)詞及其分類分類動(dòng)詞主要功能是充當(dāng)謂語，用來表示主語做什么（即行為動(dòng)詞），或表示主語是什么或怎么樣（即狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞）的詞，例如：the boy runs fast.（這個(gè)男孩跑得快。）runs表示主語的行為he is a boy.（他是個(gè)男孩。）is與后面的表語a boy表示主語的狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞系動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)助動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)系動(dòng)詞+表語情態(tài)動(dòng)+動(dòng)詞原形助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形獨(dú)立充當(dāng)謂語充當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞可以按照含義及它們?cè)诰渲械淖饔梅殖伤念?，即連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞（也稱實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）。考點(diǎn)二、系動(dòng)詞的用法連系動(dòng)詞是表示主語“是什么”或“怎么樣”的詞，它雖有詞義，但不完整，所以不能單獨(dú)作謂語

2、，必須跟表語一起構(gòu)成合成謂語。連系動(dòng)詞可具體分為三類：1、表示“是”的動(dòng)詞be。它在不同的主語后面和不同的時(shí)態(tài)中有不同的形式。如：he was a soldier two years ago.（兩年前他是個(gè)士兵。）we are chinese.（我們是中國(guó)人。）2、表示“變”、“變成”的意思的詞，如become, get, grow, turn,都解釋為“變”、“變得”，例如：she became a college student.（她成了一名大學(xué)生。）he feels sick. his face turns white.（他感到不舒服，他的臉色變蒼白了。）3、表示“感覺”的詞，如look

3、（看起來），smell（聞起來），sound（聽起來）等，例如：the story sounds interesting.（這個(gè)故事聽起來很有趣。）the flowers smell sweet.（這些花聞起來很香。）系動(dòng)詞be動(dòng)詞“保持”“變化”感官動(dòng)詞be+adv.+adj“如何是”become,seem,turn,grow,get,keep,staylook,sound,taste,smell,feel常接形容詞作表語主謂一致考點(diǎn)三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法這類詞本身雖有意義，但不完整。它們表示說話人的能力、說話人的語氣或情態(tài)，如“可能”、“應(yīng)當(dāng)”等。這類動(dòng)詞有can, may, must, ne

4、ed, dare, could, might等。它們沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，必須與行為動(dòng)詞（原形）一起作謂語，表示完整的意思。構(gòu)成疑問句時(shí)，通常放在主語前面；構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)，not放在這些情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后?？捎盟鼈兊目s寫形式（cant, cannot, mustnt等）。例如：i can dance.（我會(huì)跳舞。）can,能,會(huì)he cant walk because he is a baby.（因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)嬰兒，不會(huì)走路。）cant,不必may i come in？（我可以進(jìn)來嗎？）may,可以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞意思答語表示推測(cè)may答語:肯定certainly./sure./yes,you ca

5、n.否定sorry, but you cant/mustnt“一定”must“必須” must i？yes, you must.no, you neednt/dont have to.“不得不” do i have to.? yes, you must. no, you neednt/dont have to.“需要”實(shí)義動(dòng)詞：not need to do sth. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：neednt do sth.would you like to do?答語“id like to” “id like to, but.”had better “最好(不)做某事”youd better do/youd b

6、etter not do “可能”may,might,could“不可能”cant考點(diǎn)四、助動(dòng)詞助動(dòng)詞狹義概念：“贈(zèng)送的”擴(kuò)展概念：“自帶的”do,does,did凡謂語由兩部分構(gòu)成之前者句型操作及答語實(shí)義動(dòng)詞身份助動(dòng)詞身份/強(qiáng)調(diào)功能這類詞本身無詞義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，只能與主要?jiǎng)釉~一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示不同的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、表示句子的否定和疑問，例如：he does not speak english well.（他英語講得不好。）句中的does是助動(dòng)詞，既表示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，又與not一起構(gòu)成否定形式。did he have any milk and bread for his breakfast ?（

7、他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包嗎？）句中的did是助動(dòng)詞，既表示一般過去時(shí)，又和動(dòng)詞have一起構(gòu)成疑問?？键c(diǎn)五、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)名稱被動(dòng)：be+done及物動(dòng)詞必須跟賓語不及物動(dòng)詞不直跟賓語謂動(dòng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)do/doesdidbe+doingwas/were+doingwill+dowould+dohave/has+donehad+done一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)一般將來時(shí)含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞選項(xiàng)有無被動(dòng)只需考慮時(shí)態(tài)該而不:感官發(fā)生實(shí)現(xiàn)出版使役動(dòng)詞正常不帶to被動(dòng)則帶意思需要時(shí)間標(biāo)志意思平時(shí)經(jīng)常做某次過去做現(xiàn)在正在做過去正在做現(xiàn)在將要做過去

8、將要做到現(xiàn)在已做到過去已做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞又叫行為動(dòng)詞，是表示行為、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的詞。它的詞義完整，可以單獨(dú)作謂語，有人稱、數(shù)和時(shí)態(tài)的相應(yīng)變化。例如：i live inbeijingwith my mother.（我和我媽媽住在北京。）live，住it has a round face.（它有一張圓臉。）has，有考點(diǎn)六、動(dòng)詞詞形變化動(dòng)詞在句子中充當(dāng)謂語的同時(shí)，隨著時(shí)態(tài)或語態(tài)的變化，也有自己的特有變化。動(dòng)詞詞形變化第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞+ss,x,sh,ch,o+es輔+yi+es不規(guī)則+ing去e+ing雙寫+ing+ed輔+yi+ed雙寫+ed不規(guī)則輔元輔，且重讀，不忘雙寫尾字母（除組合外）過去式、過

9、去分詞iey+ing考點(diǎn)七、非謂語動(dòng)詞及其應(yīng)用。非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語被視為單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞doing過去分詞done不定式to do作主語常被形式主語it代替作主語have sth. done使被判定:后有謂動(dòng)be doing“正在做”作表語be+to do “是做”作賓語be done“被做”被形式賓語it代替作賓語省to或不省作賓補(bǔ)要后置，省介否作定語表目的，原因作狀語賓從省略式疑問詞+to do一、選擇填空1.there_lots of people at the restaurant when i got there. a.is b.was c.are d.were2.you _ eat th

10、e soup if you dont like it. a.shouldnt b.mustnt c.neednt d.cant3.this sentence _ right. please write it down.a.feels b.sounds c.tastes d.smells4.my sister wants a new dress. she _ it to the party.a.wears b.has worn c.wore d.is going to wear5.i didnt hear you because i _ the news on the radio.a.liste

11、n to b.am listening to c.listened to d.was listening to6.i _ my homework, i guess i cant join you.a.dont finish b.didnt finish c.havent finished d.wont finish7.-whose is the pencil box?-it _ be toms. look at his name on the cover!a. canb. mayc. mustd. need8. _ a book in the library, enter a key word

12、 into the computer.a. to findb. findc. to writed. write9. the clothing store _ a sale. the clothes there are very cheap.a. hasb. hadc. is havingd. was having10. miss zhang, the most beautiful teacher, _ many flowers these days.a. receivedb. will receive c. was receivingd. has received11. your sweate

13、r looks smart. where _ you _ it?a. do, get b. did, getc. will, getd. have, got12.we often hear her after class.a.sing b.to sing c.sings d.sang13. do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? yes, you _.a. must b. can c. may d. need14. id like you _ for a picnic with us.a. go b. to go c. going d

14、. went15. hong kong_ to be a good place for eating today.a. knows b. knew c. is known d. was known2、 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. nancy often goes_ (swim) with her friends in summer2.i want _ (go) to the shop.3.the little girl likes _ (play) basketball. she_ (play) on the playground now.4.the teacher _ (go) to

15、school on foot every day.5.lets _ (speak) english.6.-_ the man _ (open) the window? -no, he isnt. he is _ (close) the window.7. i _ (lend) her some cds the day before yesterday。8. im sorry _ (wake) you up.9.would you please_(not play) with the chalk?10.youd better_(pass) this book to her.三、根據(jù)所給漢語或首字

16、母提示寫出下列句中所缺的名詞1 look! a little girl _ (游泳) in the river(河).2.i dont have any pens. i think she _ (有) some.3.dont _ (讀) your books. please _ (聽) to me now.4.can you help me _ (搬運(yùn)) the box?5.can i _ (借) your bike?6.do you like _ (看電視)?7. my parents are busy _ (為做準(zhǔn)備) the visitors.8.i think youd better

17、not _ (出去) alone at night.9. do you mind my _ (聽音樂)? -never mind. 10.i am afraid of _(游泳), but tom often _(教) me_(游泳).11.what about _ (坐) here ? ok , let me _ (坐) here.12.tomorrow _ (是) my birthday. i want _ (舉行) a birthday party . would you _ (來) to my party?13. he mustnt _ (停放) his car here . _ (看

18、) at the sign no parking.14.you need _ (穿戴) warm clothes in winter.15.who _(教) you english last term?四、詞語運(yùn)用閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。say, do , work , believe, may, watch, see, be, think, eatcan animals be made to work for us ? some scientists _1_ that one day animals _2_ be t

19、aught to do a number of simple jobs .they _3_ that in a film or on tv we may _4_ elephants, monkeys ,dogs ,bears ,or other animals doing a lot of things .if you _5_ carefully , you may find that those animals are given something to eat in return for _6_ them. the scientists say that many different a

20、nimals may be taught to do a number of simple jobs if they will get something _7_. of course, as we know , dogs can be used to guard a house ,and elephants can be used to do some heavy jobs. and we can also teach animals _8_ in factories. apes ,for example have _9_ used in america to help make cars

21、and scientists _10_ that these monkeys may one day get in crops and even drive trains .五、完形填空mrs. green lives in the country, and she _1_ know london very well. one day, she goes to london, but she 2 find her way. just then, she 3 a man near the bus stop. “ i can ask him the way. ” she 4 . then she

22、goes over to the man and asks，“ excuse me, will you please 5 me the way to king street?” but the man doesnt say anything. he 6 cuba. he doesnt 7 english. he comes to london for a 8 . he takes out a book and 9 something on it. then he 10 it to mrs. green,“sorry, i cant speak english.”( )1. a. doesb. doesntc. dod. dont( )2. a. mayb. may notc. cantd. can( )3. a. looks atb. watchesc. seesd. looks(