形容詞和副詞教案

1、形容詞和副詞【2013高考考綱解讀】形容詞與副詞是高考考查的熱點, 高考英語中單項填空、完形填空、書面表達，任何一項題目中都有可能涉及到形容詞等級、辨析和在句中的位置。關(guān)于形容詞與副詞這一考點，主要考查以下幾個方面：在具體的語境中考查不同形容詞意義的區(qū)別；考查形容詞做狀語；考查比較級的用法尤其是隱性比較；考查一些習語搭配；與形容詞同形的副詞與形容詞后加ly構(gòu)成的副詞的區(qū)別；多個形容詞作定語時的排列順序等?！局攸c知識整合】一、 形容詞，副詞的主要功能 形容詞在句中主要作定語、表語和補語，但有時也作狀語，表示伴隨原因等。 We find the boy considerate. (賓補)He wa

2、lked in the snow, cold and hungry . （伴隨狀語）Afraid of difficulties, they took the easy road. （原因狀語）副詞作狀語主要是用作修飾性狀語、評注性狀語及連接性狀語。其中后兩種狀語是現(xiàn)在考查的重點。 He speak English fairly fluently (修飾性狀語). Fortunately， none of the them was hurt. (評注性狀語)His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind

3、. (連接性狀語) 注意：形容詞作狀語是形容主語的性質(zhì)，而副詞作狀語則修飾動詞。如： He walked home slowly. He arrived home safe.二、形容詞的位置：1形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置： 1修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞時nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后the best book available, the only solution possible3Afraid

4、, ashamed, alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等表語形容詞作定語要后置the only person awake4和空間、時間、單位連用時a bridge 50 meters long5形容詞短語一般后置a man difficult to get on with6個別形容詞前置和后置意義不同the members present(在場的，出席的) the present situation(現(xiàn)在的)the concerned parents (焦慮的)the students concerned(有關(guān)的)2多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序：多個形容詞

5、作定語排列的順序口訣巧記：限定描繪大長高，形狀年齡和新老，顏色國籍跟材料，作用類別往后靠。即：限定語（The、A）+ 描繪性形容詞 + size（小）+ shape（形狀）+ age（年齡、時間）+ color（顏色）+ origin（國籍、來源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名詞。如：the mans first tow interesting little red French oil paintings.a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirta famous German

6、 medical school an expensive Japanese sports car多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞時，要從以下幾個方面把握其順序。（1）表示不定、泛指意義的多類形容詞修飾同一中心詞的順序為： 限定詞 + 一般描繪性形容詞 + 大?。ㄩL短、高低）類 + 形狀（新舊、年 齡）類 + 顏色類 + 來源（國籍、地區(qū)、出處）類 + 物質(zhì)（材料、質(zhì)地） 類 + 用途（類別、功能、作用）類 + 中心名詞。例如:a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study room.口訣記憶: 美小圓舊黃 法國木書房（2）限定詞分類： 前位

7、限定：all, both, half, double,倍數(shù)，分數(shù) 中位限定：冠詞、指示代詞、所有格及some, any, no, every, each, either, much, whose等 后位限定：基數(shù)、序數(shù)及l(fā)ittle, few, last, next, other, another, more, less, several 等（3）限定詞順序:：前位 + 中位 + 后位 + 中心詞。例如: all these last few days； some beautiful little red flowers注：前位、中位限定詞不能兩個或兩個以上同時修飾同一中心詞，但后位限定詞可以

8、，位置較固定。體會: the first two chapters; the next few weeks ; another two boys; three other girls; any (no, few, three) such books3ly結(jié)尾的形容詞ly是副詞的后綴，但有些形容詞以ly結(jié)尾。friendly友好的； sisterly姐妹般的； lovely可愛的； womanly像女人的； silly傻的； ugly丑陋的； elderly較老的； oily多油的； lonely孤獨的。三、副詞 1)副詞的分類：1時間副詞soon, now, early, finally, o

9、nce, recently5頻度副詞always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地點副詞here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑問副詞how, where, when, why3方式副詞hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, 7連接副詞how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副詞almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8關(guān)系副詞when, where, why 2)副詞作狀語

10、（1）有些副詞像fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等做評注性狀語往往修飾整個句子，對整個句子進行說明或解釋，表示說話人對話語的態(tài)度與看法。通常位于句首，常用逗號與句子分開。如： Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem. Personally, I dont think he will interview you.注：連接副詞圖表及運用（2）還有些副詞其連接作用，使前后句構(gòu)成某種邏輯上的銜接。常見的有： 意義詞匯表示

11、列舉和順序First(ly),second(ly), then, next, finally ,last表示意義增補和引申Also, besides, furthermore, moreover表示意義等同Equally, similarly 表示結(jié)果therefore, thus, consequently表示推論Otherwise表示換個說法Rather, alternatively 表示意義轉(zhuǎn)折Instead, still, though, yet, however,表示讓步Anyhow, anyway表示時間過度Meanwhile, meantime I am wrong. Simil

12、arly, you are to blame. 我錯了. 同樣地,你也該受到譴責。He was down with the flu, and therefore couldn't come to the party. Seize the chance. Otherwise you'll regret it. 抓住這個機會，否則你會后悔的。They are enjoying themselves. (Or) Rather, they appear to be enjoying themselves. He forgot to turn on the radio and thus

13、missed the program.It may snow, but anyhow I will go to town. 可能下雪,但我無論如何要進城。He said he would come, he didn't, though. Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the house.四、兼有兩種形式的副詞 （1）不加ly表示具體概念，加ly表示抽象概念。 high空間高度 Do you see that butterfly flying high above the street? highly表示高程度 The d

14、istinguished guests were highly praised.貴賓們受到了高度贊揚deep空間深度 They had to dig deep to reach water.他們挖得很深才挖到水。deeply深深地 You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不輕。close 接近地，緊緊地 She stood close against the wall.她緊挨著墻站著。closely 仔細地，嚴密地The police were watching him closely.警察在密切監(jiān)視他?！綾lose; closely】close意為“靠近；挨近；接

15、近”。如： He lives close to the school. 他住得靠近學校。closely意為“緊密地；嚴密地；緊緊地；仔細地”。如： She is following the matter closely.【deep; deeply】deep多用于具體的、有形的場合。如： They had to dig deep to find water. 注意以下幾個搭配： deep into the night到深夜 deep in reading a book專心致志地讀書 deep in work (study, thought)埋頭工作（學習，沉思）deeply多用于抽象的或比喻的場

16、合，意為“深刻地；強烈地”。如： We love our motherland deeply. 我們深深地熱愛我們的祖國。【free freely】free常用在動詞后面，意為“免費地；自由地”。如： You can eat free in my restaurant. freely意為“隨意地；直率地；不受限制地；不受阻礙地”。如： You can speak freely in front of me.【hard; hardly】hard意為“努力地；猛烈地；費力地；用功地；拼命地”。如： It rained hard yesterday.hardly意為“幾乎不；簡直沒有”。如： I c

17、an hardly recognize him.【fair; fairly】fair用作副詞，意為“公平地；正面地”，常出現(xiàn)在以下短語中。 play fair公平地比賽 hit fair正面打過去 fair and square正大光明地fairly意為“公正地；公平地；誠實地”，與形容詞fair相對應(yīng)。如： We should treat everybody fairly.fairly還可用作表示程度的副詞，意為“相當?shù)亍?。如?She plays the piano fairly well.【high; highly】high作副詞用時，指的是具體的“高”。如： We flew high

18、in the sky. highly作副詞用時，表示的是抽象的“高度”，意思相當于very much。如： He is highly paid. 注意一些固定詞組： aim high向高處瞄準，心懷大志 live high過奢侈的生活【just; justly】just作副詞用時，意為“正是；就是；剛才；簡直太”。如： This is just what I want. justly作副詞用時，意為“公正地；合理地；公平地”。如： He was justly punished for his crimes. 【late; lately】late用作副詞時，意為“遲到地；過晚地”。如： We a

19、lways work late at night. lately用作副詞，意為“最近，不久之前”，相當于recently或not long ago。如： He hasnt seen Jim lately. 注意：as late as與as lately as都有“近到；直到”的意思，用法相同。如： I saw him as late (lately) as yesterday. 【most; mostly】most是much的最高級，也可構(gòu)成形容詞和副詞的最高級。如： Which part of the concert did you like most? 在較正式的文體里，most用于加強語

20、氣，前面可以加不定冠詞，意為“非常；極其”。 Hangzhou is a most beautiful city. 杭州是一個非常美麗的城市。mostly意為“主要地；幾乎全部；在大多數(shù)場合”。如： This drink is mostly sugar and water. 【near; nearly】near作為副詞，意為“離不遠；近鄰”。如： The train came nearer and nearer. nearly作為副詞，意為“幾乎；差不多；將近”。如： The child slipped and nearly fell. 【pretty; prettily】pretty作為副詞

21、，意為“十分地；相當?shù)亍保crather的意思相近。如： A girl aged 25 is pretty old to take up ballet dancing. prettily作為副詞，意為“漂亮地”。如： Sometimes Miss Zhao is prettily dressed.【wide; widely】wide作為副詞，意為“廣大地；張得很大、寬；充分地；全部地；完全 地”，表示狀態(tài)和結(jié)果。如： “Open your mouth wide,” said the doctor. 大夫說：“張大嘴?！眞idely作為副詞，意為“廣泛地；大大地；廣博地；在許多地方”，表示 程度

22、和范圍。如： English is widely used all over the world. 英語在全世界 被廣泛使用?！緀asy; easily】easy 作為副詞，只出現(xiàn)在某些短語中，常用于口語中。如： Easier said than done. Easy come, easy go. easily作為副詞，意為“容易地；不費力地；無疑地”。如： He won the race easily.【short; shortly】short 作為副詞，意為“突然地；短暫地；簡短地；提早地”。如： She spoke short at the meeting. shortly作為副詞，意為

23、“不久；立刻；簡短地”。如： He is shortly to leave for Japan.注意：short用作副詞時，常用在一些固定詞組中。如： cut sb./sth. short結(jié)束或中斷 go short of欠缺 run short of用完【clean; cleanly】clean作為副詞，意為“徑直地；完全地”。如： I clean forgot about it. 我完全忘記它了。cleanly作為副詞，意為“干凈利落地”。如： The knife doesnt cut clearly. 這把刀切起來不利落?！綾lear; clearly】clear作為副詞，意為“完全地；

24、徑直地”。如： You can see clear to the mountains today. The prisoner got clear away. 這個囚犯逃得無影無蹤。clearly作為副詞，意為“清楚地；顯而易見地”。如： Can you see clearly from here? 【dead; deadly】dead作為副詞，意為“突然地；完全地”。如： He was dead tired. The wind was dead against us. deadly作為副詞，意為“死一般地；極度地；致命地”。如： deadly pale deadly serious【direc

25、t; directly】direct作為副詞，意為“直線地；不繞圈子地”。如： The train goes there direct. directly作為副詞，意為“直接地（反義為間接地）；立刻；馬上”。如： She answered me very directly and openly. Ill be there directly. 【考題示例】After watching the movie Avadar, Mary lay in bed with her eyes open while all her family were asleep.Dwide; sound（2）兩種形式，詞

26、義差別較大late晚 You have come too late.lately 最近What have you been doing lately?free免費You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.freely 自由地You may speak freely; say what you like.most 很，非常，最 He is most kind to me. mostly 主要地，大部分 She is mostly at home on Sundays. hard 努力地 Think harder. hardly 幾乎不

27、，簡直不 I can hardly understand you. 五、形容詞和副詞比較等級的基本句型句型（1）as + adj./ adv.原級 + as  / not as/ so + adj./ adv.原級+as注意：當as as 中間有名詞時采用以下格式。This is as good an example as the other is. = This is an example as good as the other is.句型（2） adj./ adv.比較級+ than / less + adj./ adv.原級+ than You are less t

28、all than I.注意：比較級后面跟有名詞時，有時需要加適當?shù)墓谠~。Tom is the taller of the two brothers. I have never read a better story. 句型（3） the + 最高級 + of/ among+ 同類名詞/ in +范圍、地點等名詞/定語從句(have ever ) This cake is the most delicious of all/ in the shop/ I have ever had. 注意：當沒有比較的范圍時，most表示非常,相當于very，此時沒有比較概念。例如： Steel is most

29、 useful / a most useful material in industry. "否定詞語+比較級"，"否定詞語+ so as"結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級含義。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing. We couldnt feel better.（4）比較等級的修飾語強調(diào)一方超過另一方的程度或數(shù)量時，可在比較級前加表示程度的狀語，如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by f

30、ar等修飾。注意：by far通常用于強調(diào)最高級。用于比較級時，一般放在比較級的后面，如在前面，應(yīng)在二者中間加“the”。如：He is taller by far than his brother. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.最高級可被序數(shù)詞以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like等詞語所修飾。原級可被very, too, so, enough, rather, quite, fairly等等修飾。句型（4）the+比較級，

31、the+比較級。表示“越越” The more you practise，the better you can understand.你練習的越多你理解的就越透。（1）雙方比較，表示一方超過另一方時，用“比較級 （+ than）”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。要注意題干中將比較的另一方隱藏起來的情況。句型（5）表示一方不及另一方時，用“l(fā)ess +原級+than”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。This room is less beautiful than that one.句型（6）不與其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改變時，用“比較級 + and + 比較級”的結(jié)構(gòu)，意思是“越來越”。如：The weather is getti

32、ng colder and colder. The girl becomes more and more beautiful.（8）三者及其以上之間的比較，要用最高級。（9）否定詞+比較級，可以用來表達最高級的意思。如： I couldnt agree more.我非常同意。（10）某些以-ior結(jié)尾的形容詞進行比較時，用to代替than。這些詞有inferior（劣等的，次的）、superior（較好的，優(yōu)于）、junior（資歷較淺的）、senior（資格較老的）、prior（在之前）等。He is superior to Mr. Zhang in chemistry.（11）用介詞by表

33、示相差的程度。 He is taller than I by a head.他比我高一頭。（12）more., than.表示“如其說不如說”。 It is more blue than green.六、倍數(shù)的表達的常用句型句型（1） A is three / four.times the size / height / length / width.of B. 如：The newly broadened square id four times the size of the previous one. 新擴建的廣場是未擴建時的四倍大。 句型（2）A is three / four.time

34、s as big / high / long / wide.as B. 如：This tree is three times as tall as that one. 這棵樹是那棵樹的三倍高。 句型（3）A is three / four.times bigger / higher / longer / wider.than B. 如：The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one. 七、 形容詞、副詞重難點透視1考查比較級中比較范圍和對象的一致性在比較級結(jié)構(gòu)中，互比對象要一致，切不能相互包容。體會下面幾種表達

35、方式：（1）比較的范圍結(jié)構(gòu)（1）than any other+單數(shù)名詞 =than any+單數(shù)名詞 +else =than any of the other+復數(shù)名詞 (同一范疇的比較) =than any of the others =than all the other+復數(shù)名詞 (all the others) China is larger than any other country in Asia. China is larger than any country else in Asia. China is larger than any of the other countr

36、ies in Asia.結(jié)構(gòu)（2）than any other +復數(shù)名詞=than any+單數(shù)名詞=than any of the+復數(shù)名詞 (不同范疇的比較) China is larger than any other countries in Africa. China is larger than any country in Africa. China is larger than any of the countries in Africa.（2）比較的對象: 互比對象一致時為避免重復，常用that 或those表示特定指代，不定的指代用one(復數(shù)形式用ones)。The w

37、eather here is warmer than that of Shanghai.The radios made in our factory are better than those in your factory.I prefer a street in a small town to one in such a large city as Shanghai.The house built of brick last longer than that of wood.2.考查否定的隱含比較和省略現(xiàn)象在實際運用中，比較的對象在上下文中經(jīng)常隱含、省略，而借助否定意義來考查比較級的應(yīng)用已

38、成為困繞學生的一大難點。體會：（1）John feels better, please dont worry. (現(xiàn)在與過去比)（2）We all hope to live in a better world. (現(xiàn)在與將來比)（3）Things cant be worse! Why dont you do anything to stop them?(將來的情況與現(xiàn)在比)（4）He had never spent a more worrying day. (過去與過去以前比)（5）常見句型結(jié)構(gòu)（1）：否定詞（never ,not nothing.）+比較級, 表達最高級概念 Nothing

39、is more valuable than health.結(jié)構(gòu)（2）：否定詞（never ,not nothing.）+so +adj+as,表達最高級概念 None is so blind as those who won't see.3. 考查多個形容詞作定語的詞序問題 多個形容詞修飾同一中心名詞，詞序的排列是記憶的難點和重點?！究碱}示例】 (1)This _ girl is Lindas cousin. A. pretty little Spanish (2)The husband gave his wife_ every month in order to please her

40、. D. all his half income(3)The _ house smells as if it hasnt been lived in for years. A. little white wooden 4 考查形容詞、副詞詞義的辯析問題 近幾年高考不僅加強了對語義的考查，而且更注重對詞匯擴展能力的考查。做題時，要結(jié)合語境，注意慣用法和固定搭配，認真辨析，作出正確選擇。知識鏈接：常考易考型副詞歸類 partly部分地 particularly尤其、特別 obviously 顯而易見地occasionally偶然地 namely即，也就是 frankly 空白地，坦白地eventu

41、ally最終地 narrowly勉強地 gradually 逐漸地eagerly急切地 extremely極限，非常 naturally 自然而然地basically基本地 especially尤其、特別 accidentally 偶然地purposefully故意地 generously慷慨地 unfortunately 不幸地 patiently耐心地 environmentally環(huán)保地（的）5.考查倍數(shù)表達的常用句型【注意】用times表示倍數(shù)時,一般只限于三倍或三倍以上的數(shù),表示兩倍常用twice或double。6. 考查特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和固定搭配問題 形容詞、副詞部分有許多特殊結(jié)構(gòu)和表達方

42、式，歸納與考點有密切聯(lián)系的部分如下：特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(1): tooto句型的兩個意義表示否定意義，意為“太而不能”。如：This question is too hard for me to understand.這個問題太難，我理解不了。The flower is too beautiful to last. 花太美，難經(jīng)久。表示肯定意義，意為“非常，很，極”。當too后面接easy, ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful , delighted等形容詞時，too表示“很，非?！敝?，與very表達“很”的意思相同。當too前有all, but, on

43、ly等詞時,形成only too/but /all tooto do結(jié)構(gòu)，仍舊表達“非常，很，極”之意。特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(2): A is to B what C is to D. “A至于B就如C至于D?！盓ngines are to machines as hearts are to animals.特殊結(jié)構(gòu)(2): than的習慣短語umore than “超過，多于；十分，非常；不僅僅” I was more than surprised at his sudden arrival. 對他的突然到來我非常吃驚。vmore.than “與其不如” He was more frightened t

44、han hurt. It had more the characteristic of a foolish dream than of a nightmare. wrather than “而非，不”“寧愿也不”（would/had rather.than） Hr resigned rather than take part in such a dishonest transaction. I would rather have the small one than the big one. I would rather you came tomorrow than today. Rather

45、 than take a bus to school, I'd prefer to walkxother than常譯為“除之外”“不同于”；在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中，形成no/not/nothing/other than 的結(jié)構(gòu)搭配。 常譯為“正是、恰好是”，“除了別無” 。 It was no other than my old friend Jones. At that time I had no other choice than follow them aimlessly. Until very recently no school lessons were held in langua

46、ges other than English. There are no other than so deaf as those who will not hear. The result was quite other than we had expected.ynothing else than“僅僅；完全地”（only, entirely） His failure was due to nothing else than his own carelessness.zmore than a little “非常，很”。 She was more than a little sad when

47、 saying“Goodbye”to her boy friend. more often than not “經(jīng)常，在大多數(shù)情況下” More often than not things that lead to happiness involve some pain. John is a fairly good runner. He wins more often than not.【高頻考點突破】考點一、倍數(shù)表達法表示倍數(shù)的句型：(1)A is倍數(shù)比較級thanB (2)A is倍數(shù)as原級asB(3)A is倍數(shù)the名詞(size，length，height 等)ofB(4)A is

48、倍數(shù)thatofB (5)A is倍數(shù)what 引導的名詞性從句This building is three times higher than that one.This building is three times as high as that one. This building is three times the height of that one.The output of this year is 3 times that of 2012.The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 20012.After the ne

49、w technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2012as the year before.考點二：形容詞副詞的比較級和最高級1“as形容詞(a/an)名詞as”表示同級比較，注意中間的形容詞和名詞并列時各自所在的位置。It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.2“as形容詞/副詞的原級as”與“not as/so形容詞/副詞的原級as”表示同級比較，即兩個或兩部分人或物在性質(zhì)上或程度上相同(

50、不同)。The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.3“the比較級of the two 名詞”表示“兩者中較的那個”。The taller of the two boys is my brother.4a形容詞比較級n.After two years research，we have a far better understanding of the disease.We went to the USA in search of a better life.5比較級的修飾語常見的有：rather，much，still，even，far，any

51、(用于否定句或疑問句)，a lot，a little，a great deal，by far，a bit 等。The students study even harder than before. A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.6最高級(1)最高級的修飾語常見的有：序數(shù)詞，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow R

52、iver.Id like to buy the second most expensive camera. (2)否定詞比較級最高級。There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?No.It couldnt have been worse.考點三、形容詞、副詞的基本用法1形容詞作狀語表示伴隨或結(jié)果，并不表達動作的方式。After the long journey，the th

53、ree of them went back home，hungry and tired.2有些副詞還可以作連詞，作副詞時常放在句末。如：though，(ever)since，in case等He is old.He works hard，though.Though he is old，he works hard.3有些副詞置于句首可修飾全句，作評注性狀語。如：obviously，naturally，surprisingly等Fortunately，he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.Happily for her，her stepmother

54、 was kind to her.4can not/never 與enough 或too連用表示：無論怎樣都不過分；越越好。I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden，a car cut in and knocked me down.You can never be too careful in the street.【難點探究】1.考查形容詞與副詞的基本用法 形容詞修飾名詞，副詞修飾動詞、副詞或句子等。這是有關(guān)形容詞和副詞的最基本的用法?！纠縃ow much better she looked without her glasses! A. well B. good C. best D.better 【例】It seems that living green is easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference. A. exactly B. fortunately C. surprisingly D. hardly 【例】In the good care of the nurses , the boy is recovering from his heart operation . A qui