人教版英語八年級下unit2講解與練習(xí)

1、培生學(xué)堂 八年級下Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks.Section A1. You should help to clean up the city parks.Clean up意為“徹底打掃；清除”，是“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動詞，后面跟名詞作賓格時，名詞放在up前后均可，后面跟代詞作賓格時，代詞應(yīng)當(dāng)放在up前面。e.g. He often helps parents clean up the rooms on weekends.2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to

2、 cheer them up.Cheer up意為“變得更高興，振奮起來”，是“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的短語，cheer up既可以作及物動詞短語，也可以作不及物動詞短語e.g. He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him. Cheer up! The news isnt too bad. He took her to the cinema to cheer her up.【拓展】1）cheer作不及物動詞，意為“歡呼；喝彩”e.g. The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived.2) cheer作及

3、物動詞，意為“為···歡呼，高呼”e.g. The whole village turned out to cheer the hero3) cheer 作可數(shù)名詞，意為“歡呼聲，喝彩聲”e.g. We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym.4) cheer on 意為“為···加油”e.g. We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and cheer us on？【現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)練】H

4、e failed in the math test and looks sad. Lets _A. put him up B. set him up C. cheer him up D. clean him up3. The boy could give out food at the food bank.Give out 意為“散發(fā)，分發(fā)”，相當(dāng)于“hand out”， 是“動詞+副詞”的短語動詞e.g. Can you give out the drinks out, please?【拓展】Give out 的不同含義：1）give out 表示“發(fā)出（光、熱、聲音、氣味等）e.g. Th

5、e sun gives out light and heat to the earth.2) give out表示“用完，耗盡”e.g. Our food supplies began to give out.4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.Volunteer動詞，意為“志愿做，義務(wù)做”，后可跟名詞、代詞或動詞不定式作賓語e.g. Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after party.【拓展】Volunteer作可數(shù)名詞，意為“志

6、愿者”e.g. Can I have a volunteer to collect the glasses?5. We cant put off making a planPut off意為“推遲”，是“動詞+副詞”的短語動詞，其后可跟名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語e.g. They put off the match because of the heavy rain. Please dont put off doing your homework. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today.【拓展】由put構(gòu)成的常見短語有：Put awa

7、y 將···收起來 put on 穿上；上演 put down 放下；記下Put out 熄滅；伸出 put back 放回原處 put up 張貼；搭建6. Lets make some notices, tooNotice此處作可數(shù)名詞，意為“公告牌；通告；布告”e.g. There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking” Ill put up a notice about the meeting.【拓展】1）notice作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“注意”e.g. Take notice of what they sa

8、y.2) notice 作動詞，意為“注意到，留心，看到”e.g. Did you notice Jack come in ?7. They told me stories about the past and how things used to beUsed to 意為“過去···， 曾經(jīng)···”，后跟動詞原形，表示“過去常常做某事”，指表示過去和現(xiàn)在的對比，暗指現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不存在的動作或狀態(tài)e.g. He used to work in the hospital. He didnt use to walk after supper.

9、【拓展】1) be used to do sth. 意為“被用于做某事”，不定式表目的e.g. The book is used to teach us how to write.2) be used for + n./ v.ing 表示“被用于···”e.g. A stamp is used for sending letters.3) get/be used to doing sth.e.g. He is used to eating out all the time.8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.Lonely

10、是形容詞，充當(dāng)表語，指“孤獨的”，用于人時，表示一種心理狀態(tài)，突出內(nèi)心孤獨寂寞的感覺，側(cè)重缺少同伴友誼而感到孤獨、寂寞。含憂郁之意。e.g. He felt very lonely without his friends.9. ···give up several hours each week to help others.Several作形容詞，意為“幾個，數(shù)個”，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)e.g. Several days later, Grandma came to the library to borrow some books.【拓展】Several作代詞，意為

11、“幾個，數(shù)個”e.g. Excuse me, have you got any books about sports? - Yes, weve got several. Several of us went there.10. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animal get better and the look of joy on their owners faces.1) Feeling在此用作可數(shù)名詞，意為“感覺；感觸”e.g. Ive got a bad feeling. It was a gr

12、eat feeling when a wild animal shows you affection.Feel還可用作連系動詞，意為“覺得，感覺到”e.g. I felt very tired after running.2) satisfaction 為不可數(shù)名詞，意為“滿意，滿足”，其反義詞是dissatisfaction.e.g. She smiled in satisfaction.【拓展】Satisfaction（名詞，滿意）- satisfy （動詞，使?jié)M意）- satisfied （形容詞，滿意的）1) be satisfied to do sth. 意為“對做某事感到滿意”e.

13、g. He was satisfied to win the match.2) be satisfied with意為“對···感到滿意”e.g. She was not satisfied with the result.3) joy在此用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“高興；愉快”e.g. Life is always full of joy. He jumped up with joy.4) owner可數(shù)名詞，意為“物主，主人”e.g. He is the owner of the car.【拓展】1) own 形容詞，意為“自己的”，一般用于形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所

14、有格之后以加強語氣。e.g. I saw it with my own eyes.2) own 及物動詞，意為“有；擁有”，相當(dāng)于have.e.g. He owns a big house.3) of ones own. 意為“屬于某人自己的”e.g. At last Ive got a big house of my own.11. The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that theyre going on a different journey with each new book.Jour

15、ney意為“旅行；行程”，可數(shù)名詞，一般指長途旅行e.g. Life is a long journey from birth to death. 12. Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children because they are often sad.Sick形容詞，意為“生病的；有病的”，其反義詞為well.e.g. His sister was sick with a cold.Sick作形容詞時，還可表示“（想）嘔吐的，惡心的”e.g. I always feel sick when

16、I travel by ship. The smell makes him sick.【拓展】Sick與ill的辨析：Sick指“生病”時主要用于英式英語，可作定語也可作表語，表示“惡心；嘔吐”時只用作表語e.g. He is a sick man. He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move.Ill指“生病”時，主要用于美式英語，只用作表語，一般不作定語e.g. He is ill and stays in bed.13. For example, we can make plans to visit sick chil

17、dren in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.Raise作及物動詞，意為“籌集；征集”e.g. They want to raise enough money for building a school.【拓展】raise 的其他用法：1) 作及物動詞，意為“舉起，抬起”e.g. Please raise your hands!2) 作及物動詞，意為“種植”e.g. Their family raised a lot of corn.3) 作及物動詞，意為“飼養(yǎng)，供養(yǎng)”e.g. She likes to raise a dog.

18、14. I want to travel alone.Alone作副詞，意為“單獨地；獨自地”e.g. He likes living alone.1) alone作副詞，用在名詞或代詞之后，意為“只有；僅僅”e.g. He alone understands me.2) alone作形容詞，意為“獨自的；單獨的”e.g. She was alone in the dark room.【拓展】Alone與lonely辨析Alone表示“單獨的；肚子的”，指一個人或事物與其他的人或事物分開，不含感情色彩。e.g. He is alone in the classroomLonely表示“孤獨的，

19、寂寞的”，指人時含有濃重的感情色彩，即因缺少朋友、同情、親情而產(chǎn)生的一種孤獨、悲傷和憂郁的感情。e.g. She has few friends here and feels lonely.Section B1. Ive run out of it.Run out of是“動詞+副詞+介詞”的短語，of后接賓語，主語通常是表示“人”的名詞，也可用于某種能消耗物品的機器等，意為“···用完了···”e.g. Ive run out of paper.【拓展】1) run out of 可表示“從···跑出來

20、”的意思e.g. The dog run out of the room.2) run out 是“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)的不及物動詞短語，意為“用完，用盡”，主語通常是表示“時間、金錢”等無生命的東西。e.g. All the money ran out by me.3) sth. run out 表示“某物用盡了，用完了”e.g. Our food will soon run out.2. I take after my mother.Take after意為“像；與···相像”，指由于血緣關(guān)系而在外貌、性格等方面相似，相當(dāng)于be similar to， 其中aft

21、er 是介詞，其后常接名詞或代詞e.g. Your daughter doesnt take after you at all.【拓展】1) look like意為“看上去像···”，多指外貌e.g. You look like my brother.2) be like意為“像···”， 可指外貌，也可指性格e.g. What is your sister like?3. I repaired it.Repair及物動詞，意為“修理，修補，修繕（房屋）”e.g. He repairs old furniture.辨析：repair,

22、 mend與fix1) repair比fix和mend更正式，常用于表示修補破損或有洞的東西e.g. Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.2) mend著重修補衣服上的洞、道路、屋頂或圍欄等e.g. My mother mended clothes for me yesterday.3) fix側(cè)重于“安裝”，有時也用作“修理”，常用于指修理機器、車輛等e.g. The workers are fixing the machine.4. Im similar to her.1) similar形容詞，意為“相似的；相仿的”e.g. My

23、 best friend and I have similar hobbies.2) be similar to意為“與···相似/相仿”e.g. My new dress is similar to yours.【拓展】Be similar in sth. 意為“在某方面相似/相仿”e.g. The two buildings are similar in style.5. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li?1) letter可數(shù)名詞，“信，函”e.g. Tom, here is a letter for you.2) write

24、the letter to sb. 相當(dāng)于write to sb. 意為“給某人寫信”e.g. I am writing the letter to my friend Do you often write to your friends?【拓展】1) receive a letter from sb. 與hear from sb. 同義， 意為“收到某人的來信”e.g. I often hear from my friends.2) letter作可數(shù)名詞，表示“字母”的意思e.g. Write down these letters, please.6. Im sure you know t

25、hat this group was set up to help disabled people like me.Disabled形容詞，意為“喪失能力的，有殘疾的”，它是動詞disable（使···喪失能力）加后綴ed構(gòu)成的e.g. We should help disabled people. Its important to make fun of a disabled man.7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.Make a difference to 意為“對···產(chǎn)生影響

26、”，difference前面可加修飾詞，如big, great等，to是介詞，其后可接名詞、代詞或動名詞e.g. Education can make a big difference to the quality of a persons life. The accident has made a great difference to his life.【拓展】Make no difference意為“對···沒有影響”e.g. It makes no difference to me.8. Or imagine you cant walk or use yo

27、ur hands easily.Imagine動詞，意為“想象，設(shè)想”，其后接名詞、代詞、動名詞或賓語從句e.g. Can you imagine life on the moon? I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.9/ Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulities.Difficulity作名詞，意為“困難；難題”，其形容詞為difficult，意為“困難的”【

28、拓展】1) Difficulty表示抽象意義上的“困難”時，是不可數(shù)名詞e.g. Bad planning will lead to difficulty later.2) have difficulty in doing sth. 表示“在做某事方面有困難”e.g. I had great difficulty (in) doing the work.10. Opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me .1) open 動詞，意為“打開，張開”，反義詞為closee.g. open the window

29、, open your mouthOpen與turn on 辨析：Open指將原來關(guān)著的東西打開，turn on 指轉(zhuǎn)動或推上開關(guān)等打開2) carry及物動詞，意為“拿，提，扛”e.g. He always carries a small box in his hand.Carry, bring, take的用法辨析：Carry不表示動作的方向，一般指隨身攜帶，如“扛、提、運”等e.g. Please carry the bag for me.Bring 指把人或物從別處帶到說話者所在的地方e.g. Bring the book to me, please.Take指把人或物從說話者的地方帶

30、到別處去e.g. Take my box to the room.【拓展】Open 還可用作形容詞，主要用法如下：1) 開著的，反義詞為closede.g. All the doors are open.2) 開張的，營業(yè)的e.g. The shop is open from 9am to 6am.3) 開放的e.g. Our country is open to the world now.11. Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out1) a friend of mine指“我的一位朋友”，是雙重所有格，相當(dāng)于one o

31、f my friends.2) help sb. out指“幫助某人擺脫困境；幫助某人解決難題”e.g. Help them out as possible as you can.12. I was excited about the idea of having a dog.1) excited形容詞，意為“興奮的，激動的”，可作表語或定語，作表語時，主語一般是表示“人”的名詞或代詞；作定語時，一般修飾表示“人”的名詞或代詞e.g. Tom was excited after hearing of the good news. The excited children are opening

32、 their presents.Excited與exciting的用法辨析：Excited意為“興奮的，激動的”，多用于修飾人；exciting意為“使人興奮的，刺激的”，修飾物e.g. The boy was excited when he heard the exciting news.2) be excited about 意為“對···感到興奮、激動”e.g. I was excited about going to the zoo.13. Lucky is very clever and understands many English words.Un

33、derstand既可作及物動詞，又可作不及物動詞，意為“理解；領(lǐng)會；明白”e.g. Do you understand me? He doesnt understand English.【拓展】1） understand后可接從句：e.g. I understand youre going to teach American Chinese.2) make oneself understood意為“讓某人了解自己的意思”e.g. I cant make myself understood in English.單元練習(xí).單項填空（30分）21.Our parents often tell us

34、 not alone in the river in summer.A.swimB.to swimC.swimmingD.swam22.The father is creative enough so many nice toys for his daughter.A.buyingB.makingC.to buyD.to make23.I often saw the boys in the river.A.swamB.swimmingC.to swimD.swim24.It takes me two hours my homework every day.A.doingB.to doC.did

35、D.does25.The glass of water is too hot. Would you please give me some cold water ?A.drinkB.drinkingC.to drinkD.drunk26.Its easy the problem.A.for him solveB.for him to solveC.of him solvingD.of him to solve27. is not easy to look after a little baby.A.TheB.WhatC.ItD.How28.I hope you next Sunday.A.se

36、eB.to seeC.seesD.seeing29.Uncle Ted was very rich. But now he has no place to .A.liveB. live onC.live inD.live with30.Could you please pass me the book? A.Yes, I could.B.No, I couldnt.C.Sure, here you are.D.No, thats no problem.31.What are you doing, Uncle Wang?Im sorting out old books and Ill to ki

37、ds in West China.A.give them upB.give them awayC.give them offD.give them in32.We found necessary to protect animals in danger.A.itB.thisC.thatD./33.You should smoking. Its bad for your health.A.get upB.put upC.give upD.look up34.Thank you for your ,otherwise I couldnt finish my study.A.kindB.kindly

38、C.kindnessD.kinds35.He is strong football.A.in playB.in playingC.at playD.at playing.完形填空（10分）One day, Peter had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his grandfather and told him his story 36 .“He is really bad，”the boy said,“and I 37 him.”The grandfather said,“ 38 me tell you a story

39、. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did.”As Peter 39 carefully, the grandfather went on.“There are always two tigers inside my heart. One is 40 and kind. He gets on well 41 everything around him. But 42 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. H

40、e fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He cant think carefully 43 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control（控制）me.”Peter looked into his grandfathers 44 and asked,“ 45 tiger always controls you, Grandfather?”The o

41、ld man said slowly and seriously,“The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom（很少）get angry now.”36.A.happilyB.friendlyC.hardlyD.angrily37.A.loveB.hateC.knowD.enjoy38.A.MakeB.HelpC.LetD.Ask39.A.sawB.feltC.talkedD.listened40.A.goodB.badC.lazyD.quiet41.

42、A.atB.onC.withD.about42.A.otherB.othersC.anotherD.the other43.A.becauseB.thoughC.beforeD.but44.A.eyesB.earsC.noseD.mouth45.A.WhoB.WhichC.WhereD.When.閱讀理解（20分）Have you ever been to Taiwan, the biggest island of China? Do you want tovisit there? Well show you the best Taiwan Island.On a four-day tour.

43、Price: Only ￥5,000Including: Round-way plane tickets between Beijing and Taiwan.Bus service around Taiwan. Best tour guide service.PlacesSun and Moon Lake A beautiful lake. A small island. On one side of the island, the lake looks like the sun, on the other side it looks like the moon. That is why p

44、eople call the lake Sun and Moon Lake.Ali Mountain The nearest mountain around Sun and Moon Lake.A nice experience to have a party with Gaoshan people. A wonderful place to see a very beautiful sunrise.Peng Lake A great place for swimming, fishing, boating and eating delicious fruit and fresh fish.G

45、ao Xiong A full day to go shopping.Book nowOffice hour MondayFriday: 9:00 am7:00 pm; Saturday: 9:00 am4:00 pmTel: 6459-9561Sold out this month Book by phone now for next month.46.Which is the biggest island of China?A.Taiwan Island.B.Hainan Island.C.Diaoyu Island.D.Huangyan Island.47.If you go on a

46、trip in Taiwan, where can you see the beautiful sunrise?A.On Sun and Moon Lake.B.On Ali Mountain.C.On Peng Lake.D.In Gao Xiong.48.The writer of this passage wants to .A.have more people to join the tourB.tell you something about TaiwanC.ask people not to trouble them on SundayD.describe how beautifu

47、l Taiwan is49.If you want to visit Taiwan this month, you have to .A.visit their office on SaturdayB.phone the number 6459-9561C.turn to some other travel agenciesD.pay more to cover the same tour50.If you are asked to add a sentence on top of this piece of writing, which of the following would be t

48、he most proper?A.Taiwan is Part of ChinaB.Take the Time to Learn in Your HolidayC.The Biggest Island of ChinaD.Come and Join Us for Your Holiday.根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子（10分）51.They are （募捐）for the students in Lushan earthquake.52.He （志愿幫助）old people at an Old People House.53.To （使我們高興的是），we found the owner of th

49、e lost dog.54.The （感覺）of helping others makes me （覺得）happy.55.They （有困難）climbing the mountain.句型轉(zhuǎn)換（10分）56.She could play the piano when she was five years old.（改為同義句）She could play the piano five.57.I would like to be an animal doctor when I grow up.（改為同義句）I an animal doctor when I grow up.58.could，

50、you，the，kids，ask，let，you，hospital，visit，them，cheer，and，up，to，the（連詞成句） 59.She decided that she would give away her old books to others.（改為簡單句）She decided her old books to others.60.To do sports is important for us.（改為同義句）It for us sports.書面表達（20分）動物是人類的好朋友，沒有動物，人類也不能生存，但現(xiàn)在很多動物瀕臨滅絕，請你就如何幫助動物提出建議。要求：1

51、.內(nèi)容包含動物面臨的狀況和建議；2.書寫認真，70詞左右。 .21.Btell sb.(not) to do sth.，意為“告訴某人（不）做某事”。故選B。22.D本題考查enough to do結(jié)構(gòu)的應(yīng)用。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)排除A、B兩項；根據(jù)句中creative“有創(chuàng)意的”可知，此處為制造玩具，故選D。23.Dsee sb. do sth.意為“看到某人做某事”，see sb. doing sth.意為“看到某人正在做某事”。根據(jù)句意“我經(jīng)?？吹侥泻冊诤又杏斡尽笨芍?，應(yīng)用see sb. do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。答案選D。24.BIt takes sb. some time to do sth.意為“

52、花費某人一段時間做某事”。25.C動詞不定式作后置定語，“some cold water to drink”意為“一些喝的冷水”。26.B“Its+adj.+for/of sb. to do sth.”是固定句型，根據(jù)該結(jié)構(gòu)可排除A、C兩項。當(dāng)形容詞是表示品格的形容詞時，用of結(jié)構(gòu)；當(dāng)形容詞是表示事物性質(zhì)的形容詞時，用for結(jié)構(gòu)。easy是表示事物性質(zhì)的形容詞，故選B。27.Cit作形式主語，其后動詞不定式作真正的主語。28.Bhope之后接動詞不定式作賓語。29.C動詞不定式作定語時，若該動詞是不及物動詞，其后的介詞不能省略。因為句中的place是動詞不定式的邏輯賓語，相當(dāng)于“l(fā)ive in the place”，故選C。30.CCould you please.?是表示委婉請求，其肯定答語是Sure/Certainly.，故選C。31.Bgive up放棄；give away捐贈；give off發(fā)出（光等）；give in屈服、投降。根據(jù)前半句句意“我正在把舊書分類”可知，此處是“我將把它們捐給中國西部的孩子們”。故give away符合句意。32.A“fi