中英文翻譯離心機(jī)氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)防爆系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)

1、外文翻譯離心機(jī)氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)防爆系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)摘要：離心機(jī)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)許多領(lǐng)域如化工、制藥等行業(yè)中應(yīng)用極廣，這些行業(yè)大多對(duì)離心機(jī)具有防爆等保護(hù)措施要求。介紹離心機(jī)在這些工業(yè)應(yīng)用中，一種有效的保障安全生產(chǎn)的結(jié)合應(yīng)用數(shù)字測(cè)氧儀的氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)防爆系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。中圖分類號(hào)：TQ051.8+5文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：B文章編號(hào)：1005-8265（2009）01-0031-031 1.前言 離心機(jī)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)許多領(lǐng)域如化工、制藥等行業(yè)中應(yīng)用極廣，其仍是當(dāng)前化工中間體、醫(yī)藥原料藥等生產(chǎn)工藝中固液分離的主要設(shè)備。由于這些行業(yè)離心機(jī)所應(yīng)用的場(chǎng)合、工藝、介質(zhì)的物理和化學(xué)性質(zhì)的不同，對(duì)離心機(jī)也有不同的要求，比如，材質(zhì)要求、結(jié)構(gòu)要求、防腐要求、防爆要

2、求等。 本文主要介紹離心機(jī)在化工、制藥工業(yè)應(yīng)用中一種有效的保障安全生產(chǎn)的結(jié)合應(yīng)用數(shù)字測(cè)氧儀的氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)防爆系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)。 2.防爆要求 我們知道，產(chǎn)生爆炸的三個(gè)要素為溫度、火源、氧氣，防止產(chǎn)生化學(xué)性爆炸的三個(gè)基本條件的同時(shí)存在，是預(yù)防可燃物質(zhì)化學(xué)性爆炸的基本理論。換句話說，防止可燃物質(zhì)化學(xué)性爆炸全部技術(shù)措施的實(shí)質(zhì)，就是制止化學(xué)性爆炸三個(gè)基本條件的同時(shí)存在。其中：(1)溫度，對(duì)于具體的某一介質(zhì)，無論是液相還是氣相，在進(jìn)行工藝設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)考慮離心機(jī)工作溫度，這主要取決于工藝條件，在此不作詳析；(2)火源，在離心機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)，對(duì)于運(yùn)動(dòng)件應(yīng)用足夠的安全空間，以消除可能產(chǎn)生的機(jī)械摩擦和撞擊，同時(shí)，機(jī)器必須有消除靜電的

3、措施。對(duì)于制動(dòng)裝置，不得采用機(jī)械摩擦式制動(dòng)裝置，一般均采用電器能耗制動(dòng)的形式（非接觸式制動(dòng)，缺點(diǎn)是制動(dòng)時(shí)間要比接觸式要長(zhǎng)一點(diǎn)，尤其是在滿載時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量較大的情況下更是如此）。另外，對(duì)于傳動(dòng)帶，則選用防靜電帶，以消除或減少靜電產(chǎn)生的可能；(3)氧氣，一般采用惰性氣體保護(hù)，通過向離心機(jī)內(nèi)部充入氮?dú)庵脫Q里面的空氣，從而使氧氣濃度維持在安全范圍之內(nèi)。 3.防爆措施 目前普遍采用的離心機(jī)的氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)，實(shí)際上只是在機(jī)殼上設(shè)置了一個(gè)氮?dú)膺M(jìn)氣管，一個(gè)氮?dú)獬鰵夤?，離心機(jī)在工作時(shí)，對(duì)內(nèi)腔中充入氮?dú)狻Ｖ劣诘獨(dú)鉂舛饶芊襁_(dá)到安全范圍則沒有定量的控制，因此，其氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)的可靠性很差。一種改進(jìn)的氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中設(shè)置在線氧氣檢測(cè)

4、裝置和壓力變送傳感器，對(duì)運(yùn)行過程中的離心機(jī)內(nèi)腔的氧氣濃度進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，實(shí)行定量的控制，控制其氧氣含量在安全范圍以內(nèi)（也即保證機(jī)內(nèi)的氧氣濃度在易燃易爆介質(zhì)的爆炸極限之外）。 4.氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)防爆系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 4.1氮?dú)鈿庠匆?（1）氮?dú)獾募兌纫筮_(dá)到防爆要求（純度達(dá)到99%）； （2）氮?dú)鈮毫_(dá)到進(jìn)行壓力過濾所要求的壓力（如果離心機(jī)需要進(jìn)行壓力過濾）； （3）氮?dú)忭毥?jīng)除濕、除塵處理；要求氮?dú)鉄o水分、無雜質(zhì)粉塵。如含濕量高，將影響離心機(jī)軸承座內(nèi)、軸承及電器元件的腐蝕；如含有雜質(zhì)粉塵將影響傳動(dòng)效果及電器元件的壽命，并且影響離心機(jī)生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的雜質(zhì)含量。含濕量要求：氮?dú)饴饵c(diǎn)達(dá)到-20；氮?dú)怆s質(zhì)要求：氮?dú)庑枰?jīng)過1微

5、米過濾器精度； （4）氮?dú)鉁囟龋撼兀ㄌ厥馇闆r需要加熱或冷卻）； （5）氮?dú)庵校翰缓杏蜌?，如含有油氣將影響電器元件正常工作?（6）氮?dú)庵胁缓蠬2S、SO2等有害氣體，否則測(cè)氧儀傳感器中毒，影響氧含量檢測(cè)。 4.2氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì) 氮?dú)鈩?dòng)力氣源達(dá)到上述要求，根據(jù)氮?dú)馀c氧氣密度差別，每一處的氮?dú)馊肟诙荚O(shè)在頂部，而出氣口設(shè)在底部，這樣能夠達(dá)到密閉腔體內(nèi)的空氣完全置換，達(dá)到防爆要求。由于用戶工作現(xiàn)場(chǎng)需要防爆要求，因此離心機(jī)及現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制柜的使用必須達(dá)到防爆要求。為此，針對(duì)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)工作防爆要求設(shè)計(jì)如下氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)系統(tǒng)。氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)基本流程是：氮?dú)馐紫冉?jīng)過氮?dú)膺^濾器、減壓閥，進(jìn)入現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制柜，將控制柜內(nèi)空氣置換出控制

6、柜體然后進(jìn)入離心機(jī)內(nèi)各個(gè)腔體，將離心機(jī)各個(gè)腔體內(nèi)空氣置換出，通過氧含量測(cè)定儀檢測(cè)氧氣濃度。如氧氣濃度滿足防爆要求的濃度，可以啟動(dòng)離心機(jī)進(jìn)行運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。流程圖詳見圖1。 4.3氮?dú)庀到y(tǒng)主要儀器儀表及設(shè)備 （1）氮?dú)膺^濾器G101、G115：用于濾除氣體中水分及油氣；可濾除小至1微米的固態(tài)顆粒（1.0ppmw/w最大殘留油分含量），內(nèi)部自動(dòng)排液裝置，并有液面指示器。 （2）氧氣濃度測(cè)定儀：采用數(shù)字測(cè)氧儀（安裝在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制柜內(nèi)達(dá)到防爆要求）。技術(shù)參數(shù)：工作環(huán)境溫度：240工作環(huán)境濕度：85%RH響應(yīng)時(shí)間：30秒氧傳感器壽命：一年以上電源：AC220V氧含量測(cè)定精度：可以達(dá)到0.001%或ppm級(jí)；具有二次輸

7、出報(bào)警功能，當(dāng)達(dá)到氧含量設(shè)定值時(shí)，報(bào)警并輸出信號(hào)控制設(shè)備運(yùn)行。 （3）氮?dú)鈮毫刂疲翰捎脡毫ψ兯推鳎ǚ辣停┘帮@示儀表PIC105。精度等級(jí)：0.5級(jí)測(cè)量范圍：03kPa（表壓）輸出信號(hào)：420mA電源：AC220V工作環(huán)境溫度：-20+120相對(duì)濕度：0100%具有二次輸出功能，達(dá)到壓力上、下限設(shè)定值時(shí)，報(bào)警并輸出信號(hào)控制設(shè)備運(yùn)行。 （4）水吸收裝置G113：吸收壓縮空氣及氮?dú)饨?jīng)過離心機(jī)所帶出的有害氣體及雜質(zhì)微塵，保護(hù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)控制柜內(nèi)電器元件及氧含量測(cè)定儀，本裝置具有特殊設(shè)計(jì)的除塵、脫水結(jié)構(gòu)，并有液位示鏡顯示。 4.4具體操作步驟 確保氮?dú)鈿庠催_(dá)到規(guī)定的要求，氮?dú)庀到y(tǒng)所有閥門都處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)。 （

8、1）首先對(duì)水吸收裝置G113進(jìn)行加水，打開V114，由液位示鏡觀察水位并通過V114、V112控制水位高度，水位高度確保氮?dú)庠趬毫Φ拖迺r(shí)能夠通過水吸收裝置進(jìn)入氧含量測(cè)定儀；水位確定完畢后，關(guān)閉V112、V114。 （2）對(duì)氧含量測(cè)定儀進(jìn)行標(biāo)定，打開V116，微啟V110，壓縮空氣首先經(jīng)過水吸收裝置G113，除去壓縮空氣中有毒、有害氣體及雜質(zhì)顆粒，通過氮?dú)膺^濾器G115進(jìn)一步除去壓縮空氣中水分、油氣及雜質(zhì)顆粒，然后凈化的壓縮空氣通入氧含量測(cè)定以內(nèi)并放空，進(jìn)行氧含量測(cè)定儀標(biāo)定；標(biāo)定完畢后，關(guān)閉V110。 （3）打開V100，氮?dú)馔ㄟ^氮?dú)膺^濾器G101到減壓閥V103；調(diào)整減壓閥V103的壓力，使輸

9、出壓力達(dá)到所要求的壓力；調(diào)整完畢，減壓閥不要隨意調(diào)整。 （4）打開V104，微啟V106、V107，氮?dú)馔ㄟ^控制柜及壓力變送器進(jìn)入主軸承箱體將空氣通過V107頂出放空；調(diào)節(jié)V106、V107的開啟度，使主軸承箱體內(nèi)有氮?dú)猓_?？諝獠坏眠M(jìn)入；但通氣量要求控制很小，以免影響軸承潤(rùn)滑。這樣，既達(dá)到防爆要求，又節(jié)約氮?dú)獾挠昧俊?（5）打開V111、V108、V109，氮?dú)鈱㈦x心機(jī)卸料腔體及濾液腔體內(nèi)空氣通過V111放空，幾分鐘后，氮?dú)庵脫Q離心機(jī)內(nèi)空氣將近完畢，關(guān)閉V111。 （6）關(guān)閉V111后，氮?dú)馔ㄟ^控制柜、離心機(jī)、V108、V109、水吸收裝置G113、氮?dú)膺^濾器G115、氧含量測(cè)定儀、V116

10、放空。氧氣濃度通過氧含量測(cè)定儀檢測(cè)出，并以數(shù)字顯示在面板上，氧氣濃度是實(shí)時(shí)在線檢測(cè)的。氧氣濃度的控制通過氧含量測(cè)定儀設(shè)定并輸出報(bào)警及控制。例如：設(shè)定氧氣濃度上限為4%，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)氧氣濃度達(dá)到4%時(shí)，氧含量測(cè)定儀發(fā)出報(bào)警并輸出控制信號(hào)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)控制。 （7）調(diào)節(jié)V116開啟度達(dá)到最小，確保氧含量測(cè)定儀能夠檢測(cè)氧氣的濃度。調(diào)整V104開啟度的大小，使系統(tǒng)內(nèi)氮?dú)鈮毫Ρ３衷趬毫Φ纳舷孪拗g。氮?dú)鈮毫z測(cè)，由壓力傳感器PIC105控制及顯示，壓力傳感器上、下限根據(jù)需要進(jìn)行設(shè)定，例如：上限為180mmH2O；下限為50mmH2O。上、下限有輸出功能進(jìn)行報(bào)警及控制，壓力并有隨機(jī)在線顯示功能。 （8）當(dāng)系統(tǒng)氧氣濃度

11、滿足所要求的濃度（由氧含量測(cè)定儀檢測(cè)并顯示）后，可以準(zhǔn)備啟動(dòng)離心機(jī)。 5.結(jié)論 化工、制藥工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中很多場(chǎng)合都有防爆要求，因其介質(zhì)有甲醇、乙醇、甲苯、丙酮、環(huán)己烷等有機(jī)溶劑，離心機(jī)在運(yùn)行過程中的安全性成為選型的首要要求；在線氧氣檢測(cè)技術(shù)與壓差自動(dòng)變送器的應(yīng)用，使系統(tǒng)更安全、產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量更有保證。智能化自動(dòng)控制技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，使傳統(tǒng)離心分離設(shè)備安全性及自動(dòng)化程度得到了巨大的提升；建議用戶在訂貨時(shí)，根據(jù)自身的介質(zhì)及工藝條件提出準(zhǔn)確的防爆要求，從而對(duì)離心機(jī)的配置提出更明確的要求，比如：配置防爆電機(jī)、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)防爆按鈕、防靜電皮帶、變頻器控制、防爆電磁閥、防爆接近開關(guān)、防爆隔離柵、靜電接地、能耗制動(dòng)、氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)、氧氣

12、含量在線檢測(cè)等。當(dāng)然，并不是所有的有防爆要求的場(chǎng)合都要配置，應(yīng)按實(shí)際工藝、環(huán)境等適當(dāng)?shù)呐渲?。在爆炸危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域環(huán)境內(nèi)，要保證安全生產(chǎn)，離心機(jī)防爆系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)除本文所述外，還有許多方面要考慮，如電氣線路的設(shè)計(jì)安裝、接地系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)安裝等，這方面國(guó)家規(guī)范和有關(guān)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)都有嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和詳細(xì)的介紹。 Explosion-proof system to protect nitrogen gas centrifugeAbstract: Centrifuges in the national economy in many areas such as chemical, pharmaceutical and othe

13、r industries a very wide application, most of these industries on the centrifuge with the explosion protection measures and other requirements. Introduction Centrifuge in these industrial applications, an effective combination of safety production application of digital protection of nitrogen oxygen

14、 analyzer of the proof system. Key words: TQ051.8 +5 Document code: B Article ID :1005-8265 (2009) 01-0031-031 1. Foreword Centrifuges in the national economy in many areas such as chemical, pharmaceutical and other industries applied widely, it is still the current chemical intermediates, APIs and

15、other production processes the main solid-liquid separation equipment. As these industries applied centrifuge occasions, technology, media of different physical and chemical properties, on the centrifuge have different requirements, for example, material requirements, construction requirements, anti

16、-corrosion requirements, explosion-proof requirements. In this paper, centrifuge in the chemical, pharmaceutical industry applications, the production of an effective combination of safety applications of nitrogen oxygen analyzer digital explosion protection system. 2. Explosion-proof requirements W

17、e know that an explosion of three elements as temperature, fire, oxygen, preventing chemical explosion, while the three basic conditions for the existence of combustible material to prevent the basic theory of chemical explosion. In other words, to prevent chemical explosions all combustible materia

18、l and technical measures in real terms, is to prevent the chemical explosion three basic conditions exist. Which: (1) temperature, for a specific medium, whether liquid or gas, should be considered during the design process centrifuge temperature, depending on conditions, no detailed analysis in thi

19、s; (2) Fire source, in the centrifuge design, enough for moving parts application security space, to eliminate possible mechanical friction and impact, at the same time, the machine must have measures to eliminate static electricity. For the brake, not by mechanical friction brake devices are genera

20、lly used in the form of electrical braking (non-contact brake, braking time disadvantage is longer than the contact point, especially when turning at full load the case of large inertia especially). In addition, the transmission belt, then use anti-static tape, to eliminate or reduce the possibility

21、 of static electricity; and (3) oxygen generally use the inert gas through the centrifuge replacement internal nitrogen filled the air inside so the oxygen concentration remained at within the safe range. 3. Explosion-proof measures Now widely used in centrifuges nitrogen protection, in fact, only i

22、n chassis set up a nitrogen inlet pipe, a nitrogen out of the trachea, centrifuge at work, on the cavity was filled nitrogen. The nitrogen concentration can meet the safe no quantitative control, and therefore its reliability is poor nitrogen protection. An improved design of the nitrogen protection

23、 system set-line oxygen detector and pressure transmitter sensor, the cavity during the operation of the centrifuge testing of oxygen concentration, the implementation of quantitative control, control of its oxygen content within the security (also the oxygen concentration to ensure the machine in a

24、n explosive outside the explosion limits of the medium). 4. Nitrogen Explosion Protection System 4.1 Nitrogen gas source required (1) nitrogen gas purity requirements explosion-proof requirements (purity 99%); (2) nitrogen pressure to the pressure to achieve the required filtration pressure (the pre

25、ssure needed if the centrifuge filter); (3) nitrogen is subject to dampness, dust treatment; required nitrogen without water, without impurities dust. Such as high moisture content will affect the centrifuge housing, the bearing and corrosion of electrical components; such as impurities and dust wil

26、l affect the transmission effect of the life of electrical components, and the impact of impurities in the manufacturing centrifuges. Moisture content requirements: nitrogen dew point to -20 ; nitrogen impurity requirements: nitrogen need to go through a micron filter accuracy; (4) nitrogen temperat

27、ure: room temperature (heating or cooling needs of special circumstances); (5) nitrogen: do not contain oil, such as with oil and gas will affect the electrical components work properly; (6) do not contain nitrogen in H2S, SO2 and other harmful gases, or oxygen analyzer sensor poisoning effect of ox

28、ygen content measurements. Nitrogen Protection System 4.2 Nitrogen gas source power to achieve the above requirements, according to the density difference between the nitrogen and oxygen, nitrogen everywhere entrance are located at the top, while the outlet located at the bottom of the airtight cham

29、ber that can achieve complete replacement of air, explosion-proof requirements. Because users need to work on-site explosion-proof requirements, the control unit of centrifuge and field use must be explosion-proof requirements. To this end, the work of explosion-proof requirements for site design as

30、 nitrogen protection system. Nitrogen to protect the basic process is: first of all nitrogen through the nitrogen filter, pressure reducing valve, into the on-site control cabinet, control cabinet air will displace the control cabinet and then go to each chamber within the centrifuge, the centrifuge

31、 to displace all the air chamber , Determination of oxygen detected by oxygen concentration. Meet explosion-proof requirements, such as oxygen concentration, can start the centrifuge operation. Flow chart shown in Figure 1. 4.3 Nitrogen Systems Instruments and Equipment Main (1) nitrogen filter G101

32、, G115: used to filter water and gas in the oil and gas; can be as small as 1 micron filter out solid particles (1.0ppmw / w maximum remaining oil content), the internal automatic liquid discharge device, and a liquid surface indicators. (2) oxygen concentration detector: a digital oxygen analyzer (

33、installed in the field control cabinet explosion-proof required). Technical parameter: Working temperature: 2 40 Working humidity: <85% RH response time: <30 seconds, oxygen sensor life: more than one year supply: AC220V oxygen determination accuracy: up to 0.001% or ppm level; have second out

34、put alarm, when the oxygen content to set value, alarm and output signal control equipment operation. (3) Nitrogen pressure control: The pressure transmitter (explosion proof), and display instruments PIC105. Accuracy class: 0.5 Range: 0 3kPa (gauge pressure) output signal: 4 20mA power supply: AC22

35、0V Operating temperature: -20 +120 Relative humidity: 0 100% with the second output, to pressure upper and lower limit set value, alarm and output signal control equipment operation. (4) Water absorption device G113: compressed air and nitrogen absorption through the centrifuge arising from the impu

36、rities of harmful gases and dust, protection of on-site control cabinet electrical components and oxygen content of analyzer, the device has a specially designed dust, dehydrated structure , and a level display mirror display. 4.4 Specific steps Ensure that the nitrogen gas source to the requirement

37、s, nitrogen system, all valves are turned off. (1) first carried out on the water absorption unit G113 water, open the V114, microscopic observation indicated by the liquid level and through V114, V112 control the level of the water level to ensure that low-pressure nitrogen gas through the water ab

38、sorbing device limited access to oxygen analyzer ; level determination is completed, close the V112, V114. (2) of the oxygen content of analyzer calibration, open the V116, Weiqi V110, compressed air first passes through the water absorbing device G113, remove the air of toxic and harmful gases and

39、impurities particles through the filter G115 further remove nitrogen in compressed air moisture , oil, gas and impurity particles, and then purifying the compressed air through into the determination of oxygen content within and emptied, for oxygen content analyzer calibration; calibration is comple

40、ted, close the V110. (3) Open the V100, nitrogen through nitrogen to the pressure reducing valve filter G101 V103; adjust the pressure relief valve V103 to reach the required output pressure of the pressure; adjustment completed, the valve should not be changed any. (4) open the V104, Weiqi V106, V1

41、07, nitrogen pressure transmitter through the control cabinet and into the main bearing top box will air through the V107 out shorting; regulation V106, V107 opening degree, so that the main bearing cabinets with nitrogen, to ensure that air can not enter; but required ventilation control is very sm

42、all, so as not to affect the bearing lubrication. In this way, explosion-proof requirements, but also save the amount of nitrogen. (5) to open the V111, V108, V109, nitrogen will discharge centrifuge chamber and filtrate chamber air through the V111 emptying a few minutes later, the air nitrogen rep

43、lacement centrifuge nearly finished, close the V111. (6) Close the V111, the nitrogen gas through the control cabinet, centrifuge, V108, V109, water absorption device G113, nitrogen filter G115, oxygen analyzer, V116 shorting. Determination of oxygen concentration detected by the oxygen content, and

44、 digital display panel, the oxygen concentration in real-time online detection. Control of oxygen concentration through the oxygen analyzer and the output alarm and control set. For example: set the maximum oxygen concentration of 4%, when the system oxygen concentration of 4%, the oxygen content de

45、tector alarm and output control signal system control. (7) V116 open degree adjustment to the minimum, to ensure the oxygen content of analyzer to detect the concentration of oxygen. Adjust the opening degree of the size of the V104, so the system nitrogen pressure was maintained at pressure between

46、 the upper and lower limits. Nitrogen pressure test, the pressure sensor PIC105 control and display, pressure sensor, the lower limit set as needed, for example: a maximum of 180mmH2O; limit 50mmH2O. Upper and lower limit alarm functions with output and control, pressure and a random-line display. (8) When the system to meet the required oxygen concentration in the concentration (measured by the oxygen content detected and displayed), the centrifuge can be ready to start. 5. Conclusion Chemical i