新課標備戰(zhàn)范文年高中英語語法教案動詞的語態(tài)教案

1、高中英語語法教案 12. 動詞的語態(tài) 語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者時為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者時為被動語態(tài)。 注意：1）感官動詞主動語態(tài)的賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加屜瑜屯屜。例如： The teacher made me go out of the classroom. 老師逼我走出教室。 -> I was made to go out of the classroom （by the teacher）. We saw him play football on the playground. 我們看見他在草場踢球。 ->

2、 He was seen to play football on the playground. 2）情態(tài)動詞+ be +過去分詞，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)。例如： Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry. 煤可以產(chǎn)生工農(nóng)業(yè)需要的電。 let 的用法 1）當let后只有一個單音節(jié)動詞，變被動語態(tài)時，可用不帶to 的不定式。例如： They let the strange go.他們放陌生人走了。 -> The strange was let go. 2）當let 后賓補較長時，let 通常不用被動語態(tài)，

3、而用allow或permit 代替。例如： The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. 那護士讓我去探望住院的同學。 -> I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital. 短語動詞的被動語態(tài) 短語動詞是一個整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。例如： My sister will be taken care of by Grandma. 我妹妹由奶奶照顧。 Such a thing has never been heard of before. 這

4、樣的事聞所未聞。 表示屜據(jù)說屜或?qū)舷嘈?的詞組，基本上由believe, consider, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成。例如： It is said that 據(jù)說 It is reported that 據(jù)報道 It is believed that 大家相信 It is hoped that 大家希望 It is well known that 眾所周知 It is thought that 大家認為 It is suggested that 據(jù)建議 It is taken

5、 granted that 被視為當然 It has been decided that 大家決定 It must be remember that 務必記住的是 不用被動語態(tài)的情況 1） 不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語，如appear, die disappear, end（vi. 結(jié)束）, fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place等沒有無被動語態(tài)。 例如：After the fire, v

6、ery little remained of my house. 大火過后，我家燒得所剩無幾。 比較：rise, fall, happen是不及物動詞；raise, seat是及物動詞。 （錯） The price has been risen. （對） The price has risen. （錯） The accident was happened last week. （對） The accident happened last week. （錯） The price has raised. （對） The price has been raised. （錯） Please seat.

7、 （對） Please be seated. 要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積累。 2） 不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等。例如： This

8、key just fits the lock. 這把鑰匙只配這把鎖。 Your story agrees with what had already been heard. 你說的與我們聽說的一致。 3） 系動詞無被動語態(tài)，如appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn等。例如：It sounds good. 聽上去不錯。 4） 帶同源賓語的及物動詞如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代詞，相互代詞

9、，不能用于被動語態(tài)。例如： She dreamed a bad dream last night. 她昨晚做了個惡夢。 5） 當賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態(tài)。例如： （對） She likes to swim. （錯） To swim is liked by her. 主動形式表示被動意義 1）wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等。例如： The book sells well. 這本書銷路好。 This knife cuts easily. 這刀子很好用。 2）blam

10、e, let（出租）, remain, keep, rent, build等。例如： I was to blame for the accident. 事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責。 Much work remains. 還有許多活要干。 3） 在need, require, want, worth （形容詞）, deserve后的動名詞必須用主動形式。例如： The door needs repairing.= The door needs to be repaired. 門該修了。 This book is worth reading. 這本書值得一讀。 4）特殊結(jié)構(gòu)：make sb. hear

11、d / understood （使別人能聽見/理解自己）等。例如： Explain it clearly and make yourself understood. 解釋清楚些，讓別人理解你的話。 被動形式表示主動意義，如 be determined, be pleased, be graduated （from）, be prepared （for）, be occupied （in）, 等。例如：get married He is graduated from a famous university. 他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學。 注意：表示同某人結(jié)婚，用marry sb. 或get marr

12、ied to sb.均可。例如： He married a rich girl. 他與一個富妞結(jié)婚了。 He got married to a rich girl. need/want/require/worth 當 need, want, require, be worth后面接doing時，表示的是被動意義。例如： Your hair wants cutting. 你的頭發(fā)該理了。 The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。 典型例題 The library needs_, but it'll have to wait until Sunday. A.

13、cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned 答案A. need （實意） +n /to do，need （情態(tài)）+ do，當為被動語態(tài)時，還可need + doing. 本題考最后一種用法，選A。如有to be cleaned 則也為正確答案。 13. 句子的種類 （一）按使用目的，句子可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。 1）陳述句（Declarative Sentences）：說明一個事實或陳述一種看法。例如： Light travels faster than sound. 光比聲傳播速度快。（說明事實） The film is r

14、ather boring. 這部電影很乏味。（說明看法） 2）疑問句（Interrogative Sentences）：提出問題。有以下四種： a. 一般疑問句（General Questions）： Can you finish the work in time? 你能按時完成工作嗎？ b. 特殊疑問句（Wh-Questions）： Where do you live? 你住那兒？ c. 選擇疑問句（Alternative Questions）： Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶還是要咖啡？ d. 反意疑問句（Tag-Questions）： He doesn&#

15、39;t know her, does he? 他不認識她，對不對？ 3）祈使句（Imperative Sentences）：提出請求，建議或發(fā)出命令。例如： Don't be nervous! 別緊張！ 4）感嘆句（Exclamatory Sentences）：表示說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒。例如： What good news it is! 多好的消息??！ （二）句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可以分為以下三類： 1）簡單句（Simple Sentences）：只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡單句。例如： She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜歡集郵。 2）并列句（Com

16、pound Sentences）：包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號來連接。例如： The food was good, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美，但他卻沒什么胃口。 3）復合句（Complex Sentences）：包含一個主句和一個或幾個從句的句子叫復合句，從句由從屬連詞引導。例如： The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 我們到達電影院的時候，電影已經(jīng)開演了。 （三）基本句型（Basic Sentence Patterns）：英語中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根結(jié)底都是

17、由以 下五種基本句型組合、擴展、變化而來的：1) 主 + 動（SV）例如：I work. 我工作。 2）主 + 動 + 表（SVP）例如：John is busy. 約翰忙。 3）主 + 動 + 賓（SVO）例如：She studies English. 她學英語。 4）主 + 動 + 賓 + 補（SVOC）例如：Time would prove me right. 時間會證明我是對的。 5）主 + 動 + 間賓 + 直賓（SVOiOd）例如：My mother made me a new dress. 我母親給我做了一件新衣裳。 祈使句結(jié)構(gòu) 祈使句用以表達命令，要求，請求，勸告等。 1）祈使

18、句有兩種類型，一種是以動詞原形開頭，在動詞原形之前加do （但只限于省略第二人稱主語的句子）。例如： Take this seat. 坐這兒。 Do be careful. 務必小心。 否定結(jié)構(gòu)：例如： Don't move. 不準動。 Don't be late. 不要遲到。 2）第二種祈使句以let開頭。 Let 的反意疑問句： a. Let's 包括說話者。例如： Let's have another try, shall we / shan't we? = Shall we have another try? 我們再試一次，如何？ b. Let

19、us 不包括說話者。例如： Let us have another try，will you / won't you? = Will you please let us have another try? 你讓我們再試一次，好嗎？ 否定結(jié)構(gòu)：例如： Let's not talk of that matter. 不要談這件事。 Let us not talk of that matter. 你不要讓我們談這件事。 感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu) 感嘆句通常有what, how引導，表示贊美、驚嘆、喜悅、等感情。what修飾名詞，how 修飾形容詞，副詞或動詞，感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)主要有以下幾種： 掌握它的搭配

20、，即掌握了感嘆句的重點。 How +形容詞+ a +名詞+ 陳述語序。例如：How clever a boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！ How+形容詞或副詞+陳述語序。例如：How lovely the baby is! 小毛頭真可愛！ What +名詞+陳述語序。例如：What noise they are making! 他們真吵！ What +a+形容詞+名詞+陳述語序。例如：What a clever boy he is! 他是多聰明的孩子！ What+ 形容詞+復數(shù)名詞+陳述語序。例如：What wonderful ideas （we have）! 我們的主意真棒！ What

21、+ 形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+陳述語序。例如：What cold weather it is! 多冷的天！ What a clever boy he is!的省略形式為：What a clever boy! 典型例題 1）_ food you've cooked! D. What nice C. How nice B. What a nice A. How a nice 答案D. 由于How 修飾形容詞，副詞；what修飾名詞。且food為不可數(shù)名詞，因此A，B 排除。C的 How + adj. 后面不能再加名詞，因此只有D正確，其句型為What + adj. +n. （不可數(shù)）。 2）_t

22、errible weather we've been having these days! A. What B. What a C. How D. How a 答案A. weather為不可數(shù)名詞，B，D排除。C為how + adj. 后面不應有名詞。只有A，符合句型What +形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞。 3） - _ I had! - You really suffered a lot. A. What a time B. What time C. How a time D. how time 答案A. 感嘆句分兩類： 1：What + n.+主謂部分 2：How + adj. / adv

23、. / v.+主謂部分。本題屬第一種，但省略了bad，相對于 What a bad time I had! 這是個習慣用語。 強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu) 常用的強調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it 引導的句子，結(jié)構(gòu)為It is（was）+ 被強調(diào)部分+ that （who） + 句子的其余部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強調(diào)的成分限于主語，賓語和狀語。例如： It is from the sun that we get light and heat. 我們是從太陽那兒獲取光和熱。 It was not until I had read your letter that I understood the true state of affairs.

24、知道讀了你的信，我才知道實際情形。 典型例題 1）It was last night _ I see the comet. A. the time B. when C. that D. which 答案C. 強調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是： It +be +強調(diào)部分 + that （who）+ 主謂句。 強調(diào)句的連詞只有兩個，that和who。當強調(diào)的部分是人，且為句子的主語時，才用 屜睜潨屜，其余用that。再如：原句：My father did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. 強調(diào)主語： It was my father who did the e

25、xperiment in the lab yesterday evening. 強調(diào)賓語： It was the experiment that my father did in the lab yesterday evening. 強調(diào)時間： It was yesterday evening that my father did the experiment in the lab. （注意不用when） 強調(diào)地點： It was in the lab that my father did the experiment yesterday evening. 2）It is ten years

26、_ Miss Green returned to Canada. A. that B. when C. since D. as 答案C. 考點是連詞用法。本題易誤選為A. that. 其實本句不是強調(diào)句。若是，去掉It be that還應是一個完整的句子。而本句去掉 'It isthat'，只剩下ten years Miss Green returned to Canada. 不成句。因此本句不是強調(diào)句。 用助動詞進行強調(diào) 句子的強調(diào)句還可以用助動詞do （did，does） 強調(diào)謂語。例如： She does like this horse. 她的確喜歡這匹馬。 Please

27、 do take care of yourself. 千萬保重。 反意疑問句 。例如：aren't I ，疑問部分要用I陳述部分的主語是 ）1 I'm as tall as your sister, aren't I? 我跟你姐一樣高，對嗎？ 2） 陳述部分的謂語是wish，疑問部分要用may +主語。例如： I wish to have a word with you, may I? 我想與你說句話，行嗎？ 3） 陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時，

28、疑問部分用肯定含義。例如：Some plants never blown （開花）, do they ? 有些植物從不開花，對嗎？ 4） 含有ought to 的反意疑問句，陳述部分是肯定的，疑問部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主語。例如： He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he? 他應該知道該做什么，對嗎？ 5） 陳述部分有have to +v. （had to + v.），疑問部分常用don't +主語（didn't +主語）。例如： We have

29、to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we? 我們要在明天早上八點到達那兒，是嗎？ 6） 陳述部分的謂語是used to 時，疑問部分用didn't +主語或 usedn't +主語。例如： He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he? 他以前常在那兒拍照，是嗎？ 7） 陳述部分有had better + v. 疑問句部分用hadn't you? 例如： You'd better read it by yourself, hadn&#

30、39;t you? 你最好自己去讀，好嗎？ 8） 陳述部分有would rather +v.，疑問部分多用 wouldn't +主語。例如： He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he? 他寧可讀十遍也不愿意背誦，是嗎？ 9） 陳述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑問部分用wouldn't +主語。例如： You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you? 你想和我們一塊去，對嗎？ 10） 陳述部分有must 的疑問句，疑問部分根

31、據(jù)實際情況而定。例如： He must be a doctor, isn't he? 他肯定是醫(yī)生，是嗎？ You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you? 你一定讀過三年英語，對嗎？ He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he? 他肯定是在昨天完成任務的，是嗎？ 11） 感嘆句中，疑問部分用be +主語。例如： What colors, aren't they? 多漂亮的顏色，是嗎？ 12） 陳述部分由nei

32、ther nor, either or 連接的并列主語時，疑問部分根據(jù)其實際邏輯意義而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we? 你不是工程師，我也不是，對嗎？ 13） 陳述部分主語是指示代詞或不定代詞everything, that, nothing, this, 疑問部分主語用it。例如： Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切就緒，是嗎？ 14） 陳述部分為主語從句或并列復合句，疑問部分有三種情況： a. 并列復合句疑問部分，謂語動詞根據(jù)鄰近從句的謂語而定。例如： Mr. Smith had been to Be

33、ijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he? 史密斯先生曾幾次去過北京，按理說他現(xiàn)在應該在中國，是嗎？ b. 帶有定語從句，賓語從句的主從復合句，疑問部分謂語根據(jù)主句的謂語而定。例如： He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he? 他說他想去日本看看，他是那樣說的 嗎？ c. 陳述部分主句為第一人稱，謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引導的定語從句，疑問部分與賓語從句相對應構(gòu)成反意疑

34、問句。例如： I don't think he is bright, is he? 我認為他并不聰明，是嗎？ We believe she can do it better, can't she? 我們相信她能做得更好，她能嗎？ 15） 陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑問部分常用復數(shù)they，有時也用單數(shù)he。例如： Everyone knows the answer, don't they? （does he?） 人人都知道答案，是這樣吧？ Nobody knows about it,

35、do they? （does he?） 沒人知道這件事，是吧？ 16） 帶情態(tài)動詞dare或need的反意疑問句，疑問部分常用 need （dare ） +主語。例如： We need not do it again, need we ? 我們不必重做一遍，是嗎？ He dare not say so, dare he? 他不敢這樣說，是嗎？ 當dare, need 為實義動詞時，疑問部分用助動詞do + 主語。例如： She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she? 她不敢獨自回家，是嗎？ 17） 省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句，疑問部分用wil

36、l you。例如： Don't do that again, will you? 別再這樣做，好嗎？ Go with me, will you / won't you ? 跟我走吧，好嗎？ 注意：Let's 開頭的祈使句，后用shall we? Let us 開頭的祈使句，后用will you? 例如： Let's go and listen to the music, shall we? 一起去聽音樂，好嗎？ Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ? 你讓我們在閱覽室等你，好嗎？ 18） 陳述部分是

37、屜瑜敨敲戠履屜結(jié)構(gòu)的，疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。例如： There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there? 你的表有問題，對不對？ There will not be any trouble, will there? 不會有麻煩吧，是嗎？ 19） 否定前綴不能視為否定詞，其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。例如： It is impossible, isn't it? 這不可能，是嗎？ He is not unkind to his classmates, is he? 他不會對他同學使壞，是嗎？ 20） must在表屜推

38、測屜時，根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句。例如： He must be there now, isn't he? 他現(xiàn)在肯定在那兒，是吧？ It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it? 明天肯定要下雨，是嗎？ 反意疑問句練習 1. You'd rather watch TV this evening, _? a. isn't it b. hadn't you c. wouldn't you d. won't you 2. I suppose you're not going today,

39、 _? a. are you b. do you c. don't you d. aren't you 3. I wish to shake hands with you, _? a. shall b. may I c. do I d. will I 4. Three hours ought to be enough time, _? a. oughtn't three hours b. didn't they c. shouldn't it d. shouldn't three hours 5. They have to study a lot

40、, _? a. don't they b. haven't they c. did they d. hadn't they 6. When the car crashed, your brother escaped being hurt, _ ? a. didn't he b. did he c. did it d. didn't it 7. I'm sure dirty, _? a. am I b. isn't I c. aren't I d. am not I 8. You seem to be dissatisfied wi

41、th your present post. I don't think you judged your ability objectively when you applied for it, _ you? a. do b. did c. don't d. didn't 9. That's the sort of the book you want, _? a. is it d. isn't that c. is that d. isn't it these dictionaries are a great help to you, _? a.

42、are they b. aren't they c. are all these dictionaries d. aren't all these dictionaries movie that we saw last week was quite interesting, _? a. wasn't it b. was it c. didn't we d. weren't we has been writing letters all afternoon, but he should have finished them by now, _? a. ha

43、sn't he b. has he c. shouldn't he d. didn't you told me that you would take a trip to America, _? a. would you b. wouldn't you c. did you d. didn't you appeared to be no better way, _? a. was there b. were there c. did there d. didn't there has some trouble finding where I li

44、ve, _? a. didn't you b. hadn't you c. do I d. don't I has his hair cut every month, _? a. has he b. hasn't he c. does he d. doesn't he friend needs to come earlier, _? a. does he b. doesn't he c. need he d. needn't he little boy dare not go to church, _? a. dare he b. dar

45、en't he c. does he d. doesn't he 'd have worked abroad if she'd had the chance, _? a. has she b. hadn't she c. would she d. wouldn't she 's having a good time, _? a. is he b. isn't everyone c. does he d. aren't they one can join the club, _? a. can any one b. can&

46、#39;t any one c. can't they d. can they me how to operate the electronic computer, _? a. will you b. shan't you c. do you d. don't you scarcely comes to visit you on Christmas Day, _? a. doesn't she b. does she c. do you d. don't you 's listen to the radio program that the teacher mentioned, _? a. do we b. don't we c. shall we d. shan't we think you're funny, _? a. didn't you b.