2017田靜語法64課時講義

1、全真題演練第一部分簡單句第一章簡單句的核心第一節(jié)簡單句的核心構(gòu)成1 .主謂=主語+不及物動詞(vi.)Smaller species survived. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)More apparent reasonableness followed. (2014,Reading Comprehension, PartA Text 1)2 .主謂賓=主語+及物動詞(vt.) +賓語Everybody loves a fat pay rise. (2005, Reading Comprehension,PartA, Text1)M

2、any students experience both varieties. (2011, Reading Comprehension, PartB)very few women have 15 children. (2000, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. (2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1) 3.主謂雙賓=主語+及物動詞(vt.) +兩個賓語(人+物)They

3、 gave justices permanent positions.(2012, Use of English) railroadscharged all customers the same average rate.(2003, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)4.主謂賓補=主語+及物動詞(vt.) +賓語+賓語的補足語 (簡稱賓補)You always keep your eyes open.(2004, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text1)The spooks call it "open source

4、 intelligence,".(2003, ReadingComprehension,Part A Text 1)5.主系表=主語+系動詞+表語This is a dangerous game. (2005, Reading Comprehension,PartA, Text2)考研真題中常出現(xiàn)的系動詞，總結(jié)如下：系動詞 表達含義真題例句be 單獨出現(xiàn)(無其他實義動詞)“是 ”Anthropology is one of the social sciences.(2003, Translation) get/become/turn/go/ grow 變得”their behavio

5、r became markedly different.(2005, ReadingComprehension, PartA, Text1) look/sound/smell/taste/feel感官動詞看/聽/聞/嘗/感覺起來”They look cute. (2005, Reading Comprehension,PartA, Text1)And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability(2004, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)keep / remain/seem /

6、appear/prove保持著” 似乎” 證明出，顯示出”The prospect seems remote. (2010, Reading Comprehension, PartA Text 1)Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.(2012,Translation)真題演練：請用下劃線標出謂語動詞的部分，并判斷謂語動詞的種類及簡單句的 種類。1. our president calls himself 'theDecider ' (2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A

7、 Text 1)主謂賓補2. The humiliation continues. (2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)主謂3. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine. (2012, Reading Comprehension, Part B)主系表4. poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. (2008,Translation)主謂雙賓5. even the word “habit “ carries a negati

8、ve implication. (2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)主謂賓第二節(jié)簡單句的核心變化一、謂語動詞的變化1. 謂語動詞的時態(tài)“一般” 時態(tài)一般過去時：謂語動詞 =did (動詞的過去式)Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of schoolviolence. (2000,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4) 6this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. (20

9、14,Reading Comprehension, Part B)一般現(xiàn)在時：謂語動詞 =do / does (動詞的原形或第三人稱單數(shù))So far the results are inconclusive. (2009, Use of English)But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. (2014, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapesaround site

10、s. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B)Today it makes almost no difference. (2000, ReadingComprehension, Part AText 2)Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links.(2001,Translation)一般將來時：謂語動詞 = will + do 或 am / is / are going to + doWe will have a less civil society. (2004, Reading

11、Comprehension, Part A Text 4)I don t know if other clients are going to abandon me,too.(2004, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)the problems will be different. (2002, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companiesare going tobe able to compete

12、in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (2005,Translation)7(一般)過去將來時：謂語動詞 = would + do 或 was / were going to + doThey gave justices permanent positions so they would be freeto upset thosein power .(2012, Use of English)it simply didn 't foresee what would happen next. (2012,ReadingComprehensi

13、on, Part A Text 2)For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductorswas going tobe the next casualty.(2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)“進行 ”時態(tài)過去進行時： 謂語動詞= was / were + doingHe was searching for tiny engraved seals. (2014, ReadingComprehension,Part B)Within two weeks, he was talki

14、ng for the first time with the boardof HartfordFinancial Services Group. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 2)現(xiàn)在進行時：謂語動詞=am / is / are + doingHome prices are holding steady in most regions. (2004,ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)Every cat with an owner is running a small -scale study inoper

15、antconditioning. (2009, Use of English)8將來進行時：謂語動詞=will be + doing (其中be動詞永遠用原形be)過去將來進行時：謂語動詞=would be + doing (其中be動詞永遠用原形be)以上兩種時態(tài)在考研真題當中，幾乎不出現(xiàn)，建議考研的同學們不用掌握?！巴瓿?” 時態(tài)過去完成時：謂語動詞=had + doneHe had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for$20 worth ofgambling. (2006, Reading Comprehension,

16、 Part B)The interviewers had ratedapplicants on a scale of one tofive.(2013, Use ofEnglish)he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changedduring the preceding twenty or thirty years. (2008, Translation)Roman Catholicism had been the state religion. (2007, Use of English)現(xiàn)

17、在完成時：謂語動詞=have / has + doneTime has given them legitimacy. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text3)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become animportant issue recently.(2012, Use of English)For the most part, the response has been favorable. (2011, ReadingComprehension, Part

18、 A Text 1) 9Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success,and expansion abroad. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part B)Families have also experienced changes these years. (2004, Use of English)將來完成時：謂語動詞= will have + donerelaxation will be in front of smell -television, an

19、d digital age will havearrived. (2001, Translation)“完成進行 ”時態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成進行時：謂語動詞=have / has been + doing角度相同都表示“現(xiàn)在的之前 ”兩種時態(tài)現(xiàn)在完成時have/has + done現(xiàn)在完成進行時have/has been + doing強調(diào)不同強調(diào)結(jié)果(做完與否都可以)強調(diào)過程例句 We have not won the match. We have been working hard forseveral months.That kind of electronic spying has been go

20、ing on for decades.(2003, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. (2010,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)10過去完成進行時：謂語動詞=had been + doing將來完成進行時：謂語動詞=will have been + doing以上兩種在考研真題中沒有出現(xiàn)過，不用掌握。真題演練：請用下劃線標出謂語動詞的部分，并判斷謂語動詞的時態(tài)及時態(tài)表達的含義。1.

21、 A received one for its “ on-eclick ” online paymentsystem. (2010,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)2. insects would eat us up ifbird s failed to control them.(2010, Translation)3. I am going to suggest that it is not true. (2006, Translation)4. We will become a second-rate country. (2004, Readin

22、g Comprehension, Part AText 4)5. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders.(2006, Use of English)6. Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. (2008, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)7. A growing number of researchers and organisations are now thinkingseri

23、ously about that question. (2013, Reading Comprehension, PartA Text 3)8. Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market.(2000,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)119. By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. (2007, Use of English)10.

24、Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. (2003,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)11. This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident inthe socialsciences too. (2012, Translation)12. for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up.(

25、2000, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)2. 謂語動詞的情態(tài)考研中常出現(xiàn)的情態(tài)動詞如下：現(xiàn)在時 過去時must 無can Couldwill Wouldshall (考研真題中不常出現(xiàn)) Shouldmay Might以上幾個情態(tài)動詞詳細用法如下：情態(tài) 含義 真題例句12動詞must必須we must also tread with caution. (2012,Reading Comprehension, Part B)Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a com

26、passionate, understandable way. (2003, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2) can could “能 夠 可 以”and the right mental workoutscan significantly improve our basic cognitive functions.(2014, Use of English)Similarly, the physical act of laughter could improve mood.(2011, Use of English) will would “愿 意

27、 將 要” (表示 “將要 ” 時常用于將來 時態(tài))Will you marry me?The first draft will appear on the page. (2008,Reading Comprehension, Part B)Potential home buyerswould cheer for lower interestrates. (2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)maymight“可 以 可能”expressionsmay influence emotions rather than justthe other w

28、ay around.(2011, Use of English)Such bodily reaction might conceivably helpmoderate the effects of psychological stress.(2011,Use of English)should “應 該 ” America should follow. (2014, Reading Comprehensi13on, Part A Text 2)Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist

29、. (2005, ReadingComprehension, PartA, Text3)除了表示 “情緒和態(tài)度 ”之外，每一個情態(tài)動詞都能表示推測：The details may beunknowable.(2010, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text4)Such searches can take years. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part B)this loss of mental focus can potentially have a damaging impact on ourprofessional, soc

30、ial, and personalwellbeing. (2014, Use of English) 情態(tài)動詞的用法變體：the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have ledto misleadinginterpretation of what happened.(2010, Use of English)Now something similar could be happening in the oceans. (2006, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)真題演練：請用下劃線標出謂語

31、動詞的部分，并找到情態(tài)動詞，寫出含義。1. Could it really be that simple? (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)142. Employers wouldn tmind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. (2004,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)3. These can only come from a well-grounded understanding of the legal system.(2007, Tran

32、slation)4. In such a case, the company s response may not be sufficiently quick orthoughtful. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)5. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to thenext. (2008,Reading Comprehension, Part B)6. Big retailers must understand these differences befo

33、re they can identify thesegments of European wholesaling .(2010, ReadingComprehension, Part B)3. 謂語動詞的語態(tài)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：be + doneUnfortunately, these critics are forgotten. (2010, ReadingComprehension,Part A Text 1)被動語態(tài)與時態(tài)的結(jié)合For example, lighting was always changed on a Sunday.(2010,Use of English)Our subwa

34、y trains are controlled by tireless robot-drivers. (2002, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)15The truth will not be known for years. (2010, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 4)But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. (2000, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)The study of law ha

35、s been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectualdiscipline in European universities. (2007, Translation)被動語態(tài)與情態(tài)的結(jié)合In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. (2013,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)weaker races and societies must eventually be replaced by st

36、ronger, moreadvanced races and societies. (2009, Reading Comprehension,Part B真題演練：請用下劃線標出謂語動詞的部分，并找到被動語態(tài)，分辨被動是與時態(tài)還是情態(tài)相結(jié)合并理 解其含義。1. “ Benefits h” ave been weighed against “ harmful o” utcomes. (2002, Use ofEnglish)2. Research institutions could be opened to tours.(2003,ReadingComprehension, Part A Te

37、xt 2)3. A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide.(2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)164. People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery.(2006, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 4)5. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to

38、a single topic. (2008,Reading Comprehension, Part B)6. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their ownproducts. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)4. 謂語動詞的否定American professors did not possess one. (2011, Reading Comprehension, Part B)They do not fund peer-reviewed rese

39、arch. (2014, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 3)To be sure, the future is not all rosy. (2013, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 3)With other audiences you mustn't attempt to cut in with humor . (2002,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)average height hasn're ally changed since 1960. (200

40、8, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)5. 補充：謂語動詞的強調(diào)17Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: . (2006, Use of English)But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future (2005,Reading Comprehension, PartA, Text2)It did know he had a problem. (2006, Read

41、ing Comprehension,Part B)二、 主語、賓語、表語的變化(一)名詞、代詞作主語、賓語、表語The process is natural selection. (2008, Use of English)But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. (2014, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 2)They financed them. (2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)(二)非謂語動詞doing 作主語、賓語1. doing 作主語

42、.suffering is inevitable. (2014, Translation)laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness.(2011, Use ofEnglish)Making friends is extremely important to teenagers.(2003, Use of English)buthaving only a foggy view of the future is of little good.(2007, ReadingComprehension, Part B)182. d

43、oing 作賓語Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. (2000, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)Thinking is essentially a process of making connections in thebrain. (2014, Useof English)(三)非謂語動詞to do 作主語、賓語、表語1. to do 做主語to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. (2009, Reading Comprehe

44、nsion,Part A Text 1)To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with thePuritans theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church.(2009, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)It is important to do so.(2002, Use of English)It is painful to read these roundab

45、out accounts today. (2010, Translation)2. to do 作賓語They may then decide to go elsewhere. (2011, ReadingComprehension, PartB)19Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. (2005, ReadingComprehension, PartA, Text2)The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar

46、andemergency signals (2005, Use of English)3. to do 作表語The trick is to direct these funds better. (2013, ReadingComprehension, PartB)one benefit of a “ national ” organization would be to negotiate betterprices with drug manufacturers. (2005, Reading Comprehension,PartB)(四)并列多個主語賓語表語Science and tech

47、nology would cure all the ills of humanity.(2013, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 3)Social science disciplines include geography, economics,political science,psychology, and sociology. (2003, Translation)That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run unco

48、ntrolled. (2001, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2) it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback andconcentrating technique(2007, Reading Comprehension, PartA Text 1) 20In both oral and written English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft. (2005, Readin

49、g Comprehension, PartA, Text4)The researchers mapped not only the city vsast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes. (2014, ReadingComprehension, Part B)Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. (2014,Reading Comprehension, Part B) the a

50、mateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to cometogether nationally in a different way. (2001, Reading Comprehension, Part AText 1) today ' Emigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant toassimilation. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)真題演練：找到主語的部分，并判斷是什

51、么來充當?shù)摹?. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact. (2010, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)2. spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast asinflation. (2014,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)3. It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly

52、significant phase in European history.(2005, Translation)214. Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is amanagement issue, not a technical one. (2007, ReadingComprehension, PartA Text 4)5. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity havein

53、creased people s anxiety. (2005, Reading Comprehension, PartA,Text3)找到賓語表語的部分，并判斷是什么來充當?shù)摹?. Americans have generally stopped growing. (2008, Reading Comprehension,Part A Text 3)7. artists 6nly job is to explore emotions. (2006, ReadingComprehension,Part A Text 4)8. Owning slaves was “ like having a

54、large bank account ” . . (2008, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 4)9. the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service .(2004, ReadingComprehension, Part A Text 1)10. In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate moreon co-productions, the exchange of news, documentary ser

55、vices and training.(2005, Translation)第二章簡單句的擴展第一節(jié)詞性角度的擴展22一 、限定詞修飾名詞The roughly 20 million inhabitants of these nations looked hopefully to thefuture. (2007, Use of English)By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married tonon-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are m

56、arried tonon-Asians. (2006, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Mark Twain s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism.(2004, Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 4)Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. (2010,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 2)二、形容詞 adj./副詞adv.(一)形容詞、副詞作修飾成分The idea seems promising ， and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. (2012,Reading Comprehension, Part A Text 1)Their think