建筑施工-專(zhuān)業(yè)單詞及術(shù)語(yǔ)

1、第二部分 專(zhuān)業(yè)單詞及術(shù)語(yǔ)一、 電氣部分單詞及術(shù)語(yǔ)二、 水暖安裝部分單詞及術(shù)語(yǔ)1三、 建筑安裝部分單詞及術(shù)語(yǔ)四、 施工機(jī)械一、 電氣部分單詞及術(shù)語(yǔ)pip wrench管鉗子 ajustable spanner活扳子pipe bender彎管氣（機(jī)） hand hammer手錘hack saw鐵（鋼）鋸 saw木鋸ladder梯子 screw driver螺絲刀pincers casing鉗套 electroprobe檢電筆voltmeter電壓表 watt-hour meter電度表universal meter萬(wàn)能表 pincerlike galvanometer鉗形電流表safety-bel

2、t安全帶 pole climbers腳扣子wire grip緊線(xiàn)器 wire電線(xiàn)cable電纜 wiring case接線(xiàn)盒waterproof elbow防水彎頭 desk-lamp base坐燈頭terminal box出線(xiàn)盒 socket插座open socke明插座 hidden socket暗插座pull switch拉線(xiàn)開(kāi)關(guān) bulb燈泡sun lamp日光燈 wiring布線(xiàn)pip clip管夾 screw螺釘wood screw木螺釘 switching扳動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)safety switch安全開(kāi)關(guān) power supply電源，動(dòng)力供應(yīng)substation變電站（所） switc

3、h panel配電盤(pán)oil switch油（浸）開(kāi)關(guān) relay繼電器pipe diestock管子絞板 die板牙current電流 voltage電壓ampere安培 volt伏特resistance電阻 ohm歐姆high voltage高壓 low voltage低壓transformer變壓器 circuit電路fuse保險(xiǎn)絲 discharging rod避雷針direct current直流 （D C） alternating current交流（A C）rated current額定電流 rated voltage額定電壓rated load額定負(fù)載 power功率rated

4、power額定功率 knife switch閘刀開(kāi)關(guān)master switch總開(kāi)關(guān) insulating materials絕緣材料insulator絕緣體 insulating tape絕緣膠帶shielding屏蔽 shielding wire屏蔽線(xiàn)architectural working drawing建筑施工圖 general plan總圖plane diagram平面圖 foundation plan基礎(chǔ)平面圖ground floor plan底層平面圖 standard floor plan標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層平面圖top floor plan頂層平面圖 elevation drawing立

5、面圖front elevation正面圖 back elevation背立面圖side elevation側(cè)面圖 right elevation右立面圖sectional drawing截（剖、斷）面圖 detail drawing詳圖，大樣圖architectural drawing建筑圖 structural drawing結(jié)構(gòu)圖office building辦公樓 residence住宅factory廠(chǎng)房 highway公路bridgework橋梁工程二、 水暖安裝部分單詞及術(shù)語(yǔ)1、 Terms of Water Supply Pipe水、暖、空調(diào)術(shù)語(yǔ)Central Heating an

6、d Air-conditionLead pouring joint runner灌鉛（填縫澆）口A(yíng)sbestos-cement closure of joint 棉水泥口 Seepage water滲流水Air channel出風(fēng)口（通風(fēng)道） Vapour蒸汽Washing沖洗 Backwater pipe回水管Hot-water pipe熱水系統(tǒng) Steam pipe蒸汽管Compensator補(bǔ)償器 Seam咬口Shaking震動(dòng) Socket-and-spigot cast iron pipe承插鑄鐵管Socketed tee承口三通 Coupler接輪Galvanized steel

7、pipe鍍鋅鋼管 Galvanized elbow鍍鋅彎頭Galvanized tee鍍鋅三通 Coal-gas pipe煤氣管Tap水咀（龍頭） Steam-water-mixing valve汽水混合伐Hot and cold water mixing gooseneck tap冷熱水混合的鵝頸龍頭Multi-vane valve多葉伐 Safety valve安全伐Trap疏水器 Thermometer溫度計(jì)u-shaped pressure gauge u 型壓力計(jì) hemp麻hemp packing 麻墊，麻絲封填 heat-proof polyvinyl chloride pipe

8、耐沖擊聚氯乙烯管viscose foam-rubber mat 帶粘膠的泡沫橡膠墊 sink water trap存水彎floor drain地漏 clean-out清潔口wash basin（洗臉）盆 bidet坐洗器utensil of drinking water 飲水器 water strainer濾水器squatting stool pan蹲式大便器 sitting stool pan 坐式大便器low flush tank 低水箱 cesspool 污水池radiator 暖氣片（散熱片） windpipe 氣（風(fēng)）管air strainer 空氣過(guò)濾器 pressure-redu

9、cing valve 減壓伐fire hydrant消防栓 hot-blast heating熱風(fēng)暖氣pipe-fittings with thread （帶）絲（管）頭 bathtub浴盆valve pit伐門(mén)井 deep well pump深井泵pump水泵 pressure testing pump試壓泵boiler鍋爐 water storage tank 貯水箱pipe cutter割管器，切管機(jī) pipe diestock 管子絞板架die板牙 phosphate film rot-proof steel sheet磷酸鹽薄膜防銹鋼板air-condition tank空調(diào)箱 he

10、at-exchange熱交換器rectangular air hose 矩形風(fēng)管 round air hose圓形風(fēng)管2、Terms of Pipe Technician 工業(yè)管工術(shù)語(yǔ) hydraulic pressure test 水壓試驗(yàn)air pressure test氣壓試驗(yàn) blow out 吹掃center-line locating找中心線(xiàn) elevation locating找標(biāo)高gradient傾斜度 anticorrosion防腐（刷油漆）elbow彎頭 bend煨彎put in material下料 pipe diameter 管徑tee三通liquid ammonia氨

11、液，氨水 softening of water軟化水prefabrication預(yù)制 fixed joint固定接頭 staggered joint錯(cuò)口 drawing for prefabrication 預(yù)制圖 chain wrench鉗子 tube expander脹管器file銼刀 hand emery wheel手砂輪 flange法蘭valve閥門(mén) screw hole 螺孔screw bolt螺栓 pipe plug管塞、絲堵blank flange盲板、盲法蘭 expansion bolt伸縮螺栓clack valve 止回閥 gate valve閘閥ball valve球閥

12、glass-tube玻璃管液面計(jì)filling in sand充沙子 ground stove地（下式烘）爐pipe-bending table煨管臺(tái) pipe-bender；pipe-bending machine彎管機(jī)blower通風(fēng)機(jī) fixed trestle固定支架sliding trestle滑動(dòng)支架 rolling trestle 滾動(dòng)支架pipe clip 管夾 hanger frame吊架spring shackle彈簧支架 seamless steel pipe無(wú)縫鋼管plastic tube塑料管 plexiglass pipe有機(jī)玻璃管stainless steel p

13、ipe不銹鋼管 casing pipe套管network drawing網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖 medium介質(zhì)3.terms of riveter and steel structure 鉚工及鋼結(jié)構(gòu)術(shù)語(yǔ) lofting放樣set out；setting right 定線(xiàn)，測(cè)定；矯正 lay out號(hào)料diagonal對(duì)角線(xiàn) template樣板leak test試漏，漏瀉試驗(yàn) repair修理standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn) specifications規(guī)范start working開(kāi)工 stop work停工completion竣工 plate steel鋼板steel sections ;steel shapes

14、 型鋼 rail鋼軌I-steel工字鋼 channel iron槽鋼flat steel扁鋼 carbon steel 碳素鋼low-alloy steel低合金鋼 manganese steel錳鋼raw steel原鋼 hand hammer手錘sledge hammer大錘 electrical drill電鉆angle square角尺 steel tape鋼卷尺lead線(xiàn)錘 transit經(jīng)緯儀level水平儀 ladder梯子platform平臺(tái) convexo-concave degree 凹凸度perpendicularity垂直(度) steel roof truss鋼屋架

15、sample punching pin樣沖(子) unfold 展開(kāi)steel platform鋼平臺(tái) compasses for drawing lines劃線(xiàn)圓規(guī)hose軟管水平儀 ellipse橢圓line drawing畫(huà)線(xiàn) symbol符號(hào)specifications規(guī)格 contour line輪廓線(xiàn)quality質(zhì)量 section steel straight tener 型鋼矯直機(jī) plate shears剪板機(jī)plate rolling machine卷板機(jī) leveling machine矯平機(jī)radial drill旋（搖）臂鉆床 vacuum testing真空檢驗(yàn)4

16、、Welders Terms焊工術(shù)語(yǔ) welding焊接 cut切割 weld bead焊道play movement接頭間隙 groove angle坡口角度obtuse angle鈍角 butt-weld對(duì)接lap over搭接 lap welding 搭接焊continuous welding連續(xù)焊 spot welding點(diǎn)焊gap welding間斷焊，斷續(xù)焊接 T-joint T形接頭backstep welding分段退焊（法） symmetrical對(duì)稱(chēng)焊welding flux焊接溶劑 horizontal(level)seam平縫vertical(upright)seam立

17、縫 overhead welding仰焊superwide pass超寬焊道 convex weld焊肉超高（凸焊縫）hand welding手工焊 automatic welding自動(dòng)焊argon arc welding氬弧焊 gas shieded welding氣體保護(hù)焊submerged arc welding埋弧焊 carbon-arc air gouging碳弧氣刨chip root of weld鏟根；清焊根 remove the coating of electrode除藥皮unfused未熔合 undercut 咬邊gas holes氣孔 slag inclusion夾渣c(diǎn)

18、rack裂紋roentgenoscopy X射線(xiàn)檢測(cè)（探傷） ultrasonic inspection 超聲colouration test著色試驗(yàn) pickling酸洗intercrystalline corrosion test晶間腐蝕檢 electrode holder焊把，焊條鉗welding torch焊矩 cutting torch割矩acetylene generator乙炔發(fā)生器 oxygen cylinder 氧氣瓶argon cylinder氬氣瓶 welding electrodes電焊條welding wire焊絲 plastic welding rod塑料焊條pla

19、stic welding handle塑料焊把 regulating electric current焊接規(guī)范regulating electric current 調(diào)整電流 to repair over again返修test piece試件 welders certificate焊工合格證interflow electric welding machine交流電焊機(jī)direct current electric welding machine直流電焊機(jī)argon arc welder 氬弧焊機(jī) versatile (universal) position全位置macroscopic che

20、ck 宏觀(guān)檢查 pull test拉力試驗(yàn)bend test彎曲試驗(yàn) hardness test硬度試驗(yàn)lash test沖擊試驗(yàn)5、Terms about Installing Bench Work安裝鉗工術(shù)語(yǔ)deviation偏差 space 間隙tile cradle瓦管座，瓦托板 bearing軸承l(wèi)evel水平 equipment設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)foundation bolt地腳螺栓 wash洗滌；清洗grind研磨 temperature 溫度direction方向 disintegration解體installation ; assemble組裝（安裝） datum level基準(zhǔn)面co

21、upling聯(lián)軸節(jié) flat pad iron平墊鐵wedged pad iron斜墊鐵 secondary grouting二次灌漿check up ; examination 檢查 draw a line劃線(xiàn)metrical system公制 British system英制leading壓鉛 rotative velocity meter 轉(zhuǎn)速表rotate by hand盤(pán)車(chē) machining (processing) precision加工精度retarding box減速箱 gear wheel齒輪transmission shaft傳動(dòng)軸 bit鉆頭saw blade鋸條 wr

22、ench扳手，扳鉗clearance gauge塞尺 calliper rule卡尺calipers卡鉗 flat file扁銼scraper; scratch tool刮刀 screwdriver螺絲刀triangular file三角銼 semicircular file半圓銼pliers; hand vice老虎鉗chipper塹子 washer 墊圈tap絲錐 a table for drawing lines 劃線(xiàn)平臺(tái)grease黃油 engine oil機(jī)油cleaning洗油，去油，清洗 bench drill臺(tái)鉆compressor壓縮機(jī) air blower鼓風(fēng)機(jī)electr

23、ic motor電動(dòng)機(jī) diesel dynamo柴油發(fā)電機(jī)Hosisters Commonly Used Terms起重工常用術(shù)語(yǔ) Commanding signal指揮信號(hào) hoisting (and mounting)吊裝 Coordination配合 chain jack倒鏈。；鏈?zhǔn)狡鹬仄?wire rope鋼絲繩 hoisting line起重繩 hanger ;hook吊鉤 binding綁扎 rolling bar滾杠 trailer拖車(chē) hand cart手推車(chē) radius of gyration回轉(zhuǎn)半徑 safety netting安全網(wǎng) tow牽引 hoisting (l

24、ifting) capacity 起重量safety coefficient安全系數(shù) business accounting核算consolidate加固 crowbar撬棍pulley滑輪，滑車(chē) pulley block滑車(chē)組hoisting jack起重千斤頂 sleeper枕木coir rope棕繩 fastening ring卡環(huán)（卡扣）lifting ring 吊環(huán) steel cable fastener鋼絲繩卡子anchor pile錨樁 fork-lift叉車(chē)safety helmet安全帽 permissible pulling force容許拉力equipment設(shè)備五、

25、建筑安裝部分單詞及術(shù)語(yǔ)1、 Drawings圖紙類(lèi)the contents of drawings 圖紙目錄 central heating drawing（集中供暖）暖氣圖ventilation drawing 通風(fēng)圖 electric drawing電氣圖air-condition drawing空調(diào)圖 installation diagram安裝圖steel bar drawing鋼筋圖 construction drawing施工圖perspective drawing透視圖 foundation plan基礎(chǔ)平面圖piled foundation drawing樁基礎(chǔ)圖 concre

26、te foundation drawing砼基礎(chǔ)圖 rubble foundation drawing毛石基礎(chǔ)圖 reinforced concrete foundation drawing鋼筋砼基礎(chǔ)圖general building plan 建筑總平面圖general construction master plan施工總平面圖prefabricated components drawing預(yù)制（裝配式）構(gòu)件圖drawings of door and windows門(mén)窗圖 aluminium-alloy door drawing鋁合金窗圖steel casement drawing 鋼窗圖

27、 steel door drawing鋼門(mén)圖central heating system drawing暖氣系統(tǒng)圖 water-supply system drawing上水系統(tǒng)圖water-supply plane digram上水平面圖 water-supply detail drawing上水大樣圖sewer detail drawing下水大樣圖 sewer system drawing下水系統(tǒng)圖sewer plane diagram下水平面圖 ventilation standard drawing通風(fēng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖ventilation system drawing通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)圖 ventil

28、ation plane diagram 通風(fēng)平面圖ventilation detail drawing通風(fēng)大樣圖 air-condition system drawing空調(diào)系統(tǒng)圖air-condition plane diagram空調(diào)平面圖 structural detail drawing結(jié)構(gòu)大樣圖structural plane diagram結(jié)構(gòu)平面圖 building detail drawing建筑大樣圖ornamental detail drawing裝飾大樣圖 electric plane diagram電氣平面圖electric system drawing電氣系統(tǒng)圖 le

29、ctric plate sckeme電氣盤(pán)面圖electric wiring diagram電氣接線(xiàn)圖 electric principle drawing電氣原理圖distributor structure drawing配電盤(pán)結(jié)構(gòu)圖electrical construction detail drawing 電氣施工大樣圖roofing structure drawing屋面結(jié)構(gòu)圖 balcony detail drawing陽(yáng)臺(tái)詳圖lattice detail drawing花格詳圖 magnifying detail drawing節(jié)點(diǎn)大樣roofing drainage schema

30、tic diagram屋面排水示意圖construction survey location drawing施工測(cè)量定位圖2、 Engineering Terms工程術(shù)語(yǔ) Ground Foundation地基基礎(chǔ)類(lèi)foundation 地基 earth (ground) endurance地耐力geological prospecting地質(zhì)鉆探 earthquake magnitude地震震級(jí)sand foundation砂基礎(chǔ) pile foundation樁基礎(chǔ)rubble foundation毛石基礎(chǔ) reinforced concrete鋼筋砼基礎(chǔ)brick foundation磚

31、基礎(chǔ) deep foundation深基礎(chǔ)shallow foundation淺基礎(chǔ) quick sand流砂ground beam地梁 foundation beam基礎(chǔ)梁demppoof course 防潮層 footing course呈臺(tái)底層，基（礎(chǔ)）層raft foundation格床筏式基礎(chǔ) rigid foundation剛性基礎(chǔ)shell foundation殼體基礎(chǔ) plain concrete saddle素土墊座sand bedding course砂墊層 machine-rolled foundation機(jī)械碾壓地基slope of foundation pit基坑邊坡

32、 drilling-poured pile鉆孔灌注扎 explosion-poured pile爆破灌注樁 steel sheet pile鋼板樁sandy soil砂土 expanded clay 膨脹黏土chimney煙囪 septic tank化糞池water cistern貯水池 fresh water vat淡水缸salt water vat鹽水缸 alkaline water vat堿水缸（1） Earthwork土方工程foundation excavation基礎(chǔ)開(kāi)挖 foundation pit基坑fill填方 excavation挖方rock drilling 鑿巖（工作）

33、 earthwork transportation土方運(yùn)輸foundation drainage地基排水 pumping from pit坑內(nèi)抽水(3) scaffold腳手架 steel scaffold鋼腳手架 fastener steel pipe scaffold扣件式鋼管腳手架bolt steel pipe scaffold螺栓式鋼管腳手架 upright stanchion立桿horizontal pole ; transverse strut橫桿 all-round scaffold滿(mǎn)堂腳手架material-putting platform上料平臺(tái)架 moving platfo

34、rm活動(dòng)平臺(tái)架cornice scaffold挑檐腳手架 hanging scaffolding吊（懸空）腳手架folding internal scaffold折疊式里腳手架 external scaffold 外腳手架wooden scaffold board木腳手板 shaped steel scaffold board型鋼腳手板sling tray吊盤(pán) gantry龍門(mén)架derrick井架 work bench工作臺(tái)transportation road運(yùn)輸?shù)?protecting railings 護(hù)身欄桿(4) Walling Work徹體工程 axis軸線(xiàn)hollow空心磚 co

35、ncrete brick砼磚concrete hollow brick砼空心磚 stone wall pointing joints石墻勾縫brick cornice轉(zhuǎn)砌挑檐 brick lintel磚過(guò)梁brick arch磚拱 cavity wall空心墻filler wall填充墻，柱間墻 thermal-insulating wall保溫墻explosion-proof防爆墻 enclosure圍墻reinforced concrete slab wall鋼筋砼板墻 parapet女兒墻latticed wall花格墻 wall pipe穿墻管dry wall清水墻，干砌墻 furre

36、d wall混水墻a corner formed by two walls墻角 dado墻裙cement mortar水泥砂漿 white lime mortar熟石灰砂漿building block砌塊（5）Woodwork木作工程squared timber方木材 lumber木材log元木 plywood膠合板artificial board人造板 dryness干燥spring door自由門(mén) wood window木窗shutter百頁(yè)窗 sealed window密封窗wood partition wall木隔斷（墻） wood floor木地板wooden fitments木裝修

37、 wooden formwork木模板water content含水率 wooden ceiling木吊頂wooden dado木墻裙 top rail of wood stair 木樓梯欄桿扶手form work manufacture模板制作 formwork installation模板安裝door frame and window frame門(mén)窗框 aperture of door門(mén)口（徑）window opening ;aperture of window窗口 stair formwork樓梯模板girder formwork大梁模板 ends joint端節(jié)點(diǎn)internal door內(nèi)門(mén) external door外門(mén)gate大門(mén) metal fittings of door and window門(mén)窗小五金glazed door玻璃門(mén) eaves board風(fēng)檀板e(cuò)aves plate封檐板 sound-absorbing board吸音板window apron ;window sill窗臺(tái)板 box of window curtain窗簾盒eave catch檐墊挑（6）Steel Bar and Processing 鋼筋及加工the kinds of reinforcing stee