初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題講練結(jié)合一名詞重點(diǎn)

1、英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)第一課時(shí)：名詞 一、課前熱身(1. There are fortyin our school.A. wome n teachers B .teacher wome n C. woma n teachers D. wome n teacher(2. Mr. Li is one ofin the hospital.A. most popular doctors B. the most popular doctorsC. most popular doctor D. the most popular doctor(3. Have you got anyfor us this time?A.

2、pieces of message B. piece of messagesC. pieces of messagesD. messages(4. Where are the other two stude nts?They're in.A. teacher's officeB. teachers' officeC. the teacher office D. the teachers' office(5. How manyhave you n ext term?Let me see. We'll have eight.A. less onB. subj

3、ects C. days D. class(6. My brother is always careless. He always makesA. mistakes B. mistake C. mistook D. some mistake(7. Mr. Smith is an.A. En glish B. En glish man C. En glishma n D. En glishme n(8. Who is the man in the blue car?He isfather.A. Kate's and Mary's B. Kate and Mary's C.

4、 Kate and Mary D. of Kate and Mary(9 .He had someth ing to write dow n and asked me for.A. a paper B. some papers C. some pieces of papers D. a piece of paper(10. Billy has savedmoney for his college expe nses.A. a huge amount of B. a large nu mber ofC. the huge amount of D. the large nu mber of2、重點(diǎn)

5、講解1.名詞名詞可以分為專(zhuān)有名詞(Proper Nou ns )和普通名詞(Common Nou ns，專(zhuān)有名詞是某個(gè)(些)人，地方，機(jī)構(gòu)等專(zhuān)有的名稱(chēng)，如Beijing , China等。普通名詞是一類(lèi)人或東西或是一個(gè)抽象概念的名詞，如：book，sadness等。普通名詞又可分為下面四類(lèi)：1 )個(gè)體名詞(In dividual Nou ns )：表示某類(lèi)人或東西中的個(gè)體，如：gu n。2 )集體名詞(Collective Nou ns ):表示若干個(gè)個(gè)體組成的集合體，如：family。3 )物質(zhì)名詞(Material Nou ns ):表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的實(shí)物，如：air。4 )抽象名詞(Ab

6、stract Nou ns ):表示動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、感情等抽象概念，如：work。個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可以用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算，稱(chēng)為可數(shù)名詞(Cou ntable Nou ns )，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無(wú)法用數(shù)目計(jì)算，稱(chēng)為不可數(shù)名詞(Uncoun tableNouns ）。1、名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況直接在詞尾加map-/ bag-/ car-以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾變_為_(kāi)，再加_baby-/ family-以兒曰字母+y”結(jié)尾直接加_day-/ mon key-以 s, sh, ch, x 等結(jié)直接加 _bus / watch-以f或fe結(jié)尾變f或fe為 wife-/ knife

7、-部分以 o結(jié)尾力口hero-/ tomato-【注】ch讀/k/時(shí)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式應(yīng)加 s，如stomachs （胃，腹部） 常見(jiàn)的以o結(jié)尾要加 es的有如下幾個(gè)：hero, Negro, tomato, potato, mango，可記為" 黑人英雄愛(ài)吃兩菜一果”。 以f或fe結(jié)尾變f或fe為ves的詞有如下：妻子拿刀去宰狼，小偷嚇得著了慌，躲進(jìn)架子保己命，半片樹(shù)葉遮目光。leaf, half, self, wife, kn ife, shelf, wolf, thief, life 。2.名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化構(gòu)成方法例詞變 _man-, woman-, policeman-變 _t

8、ooth-, foot-, goose-詞尾加 child-childre n單復(fù)數(shù) deer, sheep, Chin ese, Japa nese,【注】man, woman作定語(yǔ)修飾別的名詞時(shí)，要把mar, woman和其他部分都變成復(fù)數(shù)，如man teacher - men teachers ， woman doctor - ； 不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)形式的記憶口訣：男女警察英法人，都是將man變成men腳、牙 oo變ee，child 加上ren。鹿和綿羊是一家，單變復(fù)時(shí)不變化。 .“某國(guó)人”的復(fù)數(shù)形式“中日不變英法變，其余s加后邊”3.不可數(shù)名詞量的表示1）物質(zhì)名詞a. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為個(gè)體名詞

9、時(shí)。比較： Cake is a kind of food.蛋糕是一種食物。（不可數(shù)These cakes are sweet.這些蛋糕很好吃。（可數(shù)b. 當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示該物質(zhì)的種類(lèi)時(shí)，名詞可數(shù)。This factory produces steel.（不可數(shù)We need various steels. （span可數(shù)spanc.當(dāng)物質(zhì)名詞表示份數(shù)時(shí)，可數(shù)。Our country is famous for tea.我國(guó)因茶葉而聞名。Two teas, please.請(qǐng)來(lái)兩杯茶。2）抽象名詞有時(shí)也可數(shù)。four freedoms四大自由the four moder ni zati ons四個(gè)現(xiàn)

10、代化物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞可以借助單位詞表一定的數(shù)量。女口： a glass of water 一杯水a(chǎn) piece of advice一條建議3、名詞所有格在英語(yǔ)中有些名詞可以加"'s"來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系，帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱(chēng)為該名 詞的所有格，如：a teacher's book名詞所有格的規(guī)則如下：I. 有生命的名詞所有格(1)單數(shù)名詞的所有格加's如：Mother' s Dayhe little girl ' s doll(2以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞所有格只加 '。女口：Teachers' Daythe students

11、' books(3姓氏以s結(jié)尾，也可直接加。女口： Jones' office瓊斯的辦公室(4)不規(guī)則的復(fù)數(shù)名詞變所有格加s如：children 。s boo兒童讀物 Women s Day(5 )表示兩人共有時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加。如：莉莉和露西的爸爸 約翰和瑪麗的課桌(6)表示兩人各自所有時(shí)，則兩個(gè)專(zhuān)有名詞都要用所有格形式，而且后面所修飾的名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：露西的房間和莉莉的房間 II. 無(wú)生命的名詞所有格(1)無(wú)生命的名詞所有格常用of結(jié)構(gòu)表示，如：The leg of the tablethe cover of the book(2 )表示國(guó)家、時(shí)間、距離、重量和

12、價(jià)值等的名詞通過(guò)詞尾變化表示所有，如：China。s capital today。s newspaper十分鐘的路程 兩周的假期 (3.雙重所有格 雙重所有格就是將 of結(jié)構(gòu)與。結(jié)構(gòu)或名詞性物主代詞一起使用，如：Tom 的一個(gè)朋友 我的一本書(shū) (4.表示住宅、辦公室或店鋪的名詞所有格后面一般省略它所修飾的名詞，如：在格林家 在診所三、課后鞏固(11. Please pass me.A. two paper B. two piece of paperC. two pieces of paper D. two pieces paper(12. There are fifty-seve nin ou

13、r school.A. wome n' s teacher B. wome n teachersC. woma n teachers D. wome n teacher(13. We n eed some. Can you go and get some, please?A. many potato B. many potatoesC. more potatoes D. much potatoes(14. Please remember to give the horse some treeA. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave(15. On the t

14、able there are five.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomatoB. Japa neses, Germe n(16 . The deer has four.A. footB. feetC. feets(17 . Her two brothers are bothA. policema nB. policema ns(18 . There are fourand twoA. Japa nese, Germe n Germa nsD. footsC. policeme nD. policeme nsin the group.C. Japa nese,(19 . Twowould come to the village.C. wome n doctorsD.A. woma n-doctorsB. wome n doctorwoma n doctors(20 . Thehas twoA. boys, watches watchB. boy, wa