新目標(biāo)英語八年級上冊知識點(diǎn)和練習(xí)整理

1、Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?一、重點(diǎn)單詞：anyone, anywhere, wonderful, few, most, something, nothing, everyone, myself, yourself, hen, pig, seem, bored, someone, diary, activity, decide, try, bird, bicycle, building, trader, wonder, difference, top, wait, umbrella, wet, below, enough, hungry, as, d

2、uck, hill二、重點(diǎn)短語：Quite a few, of course, feel like, because of, go on vacation, visit museum, go to summer camp, go to the beach, anywhere interesting, go out with sb., study for tests, stay at home, go shopping, seem to be, decide to do sth., ride bicycles, enough money, the top of the hill三、重點(diǎn)句型：1.

3、 -Where did you go on vacation? -I went to New York City.2. Did you go out with anyone?3. -How was the food? -Everything tasted really good!4. Still no one seemed to be bored.5. And because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anything below.四、功能：1. talk about past events五、語法：1. 不定代詞2. 一般過去時六、重要考點(diǎn)：1.

4、復(fù)合不定代詞的用法：1）something，anything，nothing，everything是指物的不定代詞。somebody，someone，anybody，anyone，nobody，no one，everybody，everyone是指人的不定代詞。somewhere，anywhere，nowhere，everywhere是指地點(diǎn)的不定代詞。2）當(dāng)形容詞修飾不定代詞、不定副詞時，放于其后。如： something special3）不定代詞、不定副詞做主語時，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。如： Is everybody here? 大家都到齊了嗎？ 4）something，somebod

5、y，someone，somewhere用于肯定句及表示請求或建議的疑問句中，而anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere用于否定句、疑問句及條件狀語從句中。2. 提建議的句子： What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go shopping Shall w

6、e/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?3. 辨析： get to/reach/arrive 都是“到達(dá)“的意思get to+地點(diǎn)=reach+地點(diǎn)= arrive at+地點(diǎn)（小）=arrive in+地點(diǎn)（大）注意：若他們后面要加地點(diǎn)副詞here, there, home等，則不需要加介詞。4. nothing.but.意為“除.之外； 只有”，如：I have nothing to do but watch TV all day long. 我整天除了看電視什么也沒干。 5. feel like 意為：“感受到；摸起來”，后跟賓語從句或名詞。如

7、：I felt like I was a bird. 我感覺我是一只鳥。 構(gòu)成短語 feel like doing sth.意為“想做某事”。如：I feel like eating.我想吃東西。6. enjoy doing sth . 喜歡做;樂意做 enjoy oneself 過得愉快 =have fun/have a good time.7. I wonder what life was like here in the past. wonder (n): 奇跡；令人驚訝的事情 如：No wonder! 難怪！ (v) 驚訝 如：wonder at sth. ; wonder to do

8、 sth. 感到疑惑；想知道 如：I wonder where they are going.8. few與little 的區(qū)別： 肯定否定quite a few buildings許多 可數(shù)a fewfewnot a little hungryquite a few/not a few不可數(shù)a littlelittlequite a little/ not a little9. Still no one seemed to be bored. 仍然沒有人感到煩悶。 1） seem意為“好像；似乎；看來”，是個連系動詞，構(gòu)成的短語有： seem to do sth. 好像做某事 如： They

9、 seem to wait for you. seem（to be）+adj. 似乎. 如： He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday. It seems that + 從句 似乎. 如： It seems that he was ill yesterday. 其他表示狀態(tài)的系動詞有：feel(覺得）; keep（保持）;stay（保持）;look（看來像.）；smell（聞起來）；sound（聽起來）；taste（嘗起來）；. 2） bored (adj)，意為“感到厭倦的、無聊的”,其主語是某人； boring(adj)，意為“令人厭倦的、無聊的”其主語是某物。 如

10、：I got bored with the boring work. 我對這無聊的工作感到厭倦。相類似的詞語還有： interested/ tired/ excited/ amazed/surprised interesting/ tiring/ exciting/ amazing/surprising10. decide（v）決定 decide to do sth. - decide not to do sth. decision(n) decide on doing sth. 決定做某事11. Because of the bad weather, we couldnt see anyth

11、ing below. 1） because of + 短語 I had to move because of my job. because +句子 如：I do it because I like it. 2）below意為“在.下面;低于”，其反義詞為 above，意為“在.上面；高于”12. 形容詞/副詞enough 如：wet/quietly enough enough enough 名詞如：enough umbrellas (形/副)enough+ (名) to do sth. 足夠去做如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足夠的錢去北京

12、。 She is not old enough to go to school. 她年齡不夠，不能去上學(xué)。 同義句： She is too young to go to school. (too to :太 而不能)如此以至于13. such+名短+ that 從句：She is such a popular girl that. so+形/副+that 從句：She is so popular that everyone likes her.14. 反身代詞：myself/yourself/itself/herself/himself/ourselves/yourselves/themsel

13、ves 如：The child (herself) usually wears the clothes (herself).15What a difference a day makes! 一天的差異多大?。ake a difference in：對有影響感嘆句的結(jié)構(gòu) 1. What (a/an) + adj.+ n+主+謂！2. How+ adj./adj.+主+謂!七、單元練習(xí)：1. She _Beijing last night.A.arrvied in B.got C.reaches D.arrived2._ ready now, lets begin. A.Everything i

14、s B.Something are C.Nothing are D.Anything is3.I _ life was like here in the past. A.wonder that B.know when C.wonder what D.decide why4._weather it was! A.What nice B.How a nice C.How nice D.What a nice5. Another two hours _not enough. A.is B.are C.will are D.were6. Im free now, I have _ （無事）to do

15、.7. Is _（某人）going with you ?8. I can finish it by _ (我). X Kb 1.C om9. Children, please help _to the fish（隨便吃）.10. It _（似乎）that it is going to rain.11. The _（無聊的）book makes me _（無聊的）12. He decided _(try) it.13. I tried my best _(work) it out.14. He is _ _(等候) a bus.15. I need _ _(一把雨傘)_ _(因?yàn)? the he

16、avy rain.16. I have _ _(足夠的時間). 17. I am not _ _(足夠的老).18. Did you go _ _(有趣的某個地方)？19. I _ a gift _my mother yesterday (給買).20. When its hot,I feel like _(游泳) in the pool.21. He teaches _(I) English.22. Why not _(try) to go by boat?23. I kept _(寫) this story.Unit 2 How often do you exercise?一、重點(diǎn)單詞：H

17、ousework, hardly, ever, once, twice, full, Internet, program, swing, maybe, least, junk, coffee, percent, online, health, television, although, through, mind, body, such, together, die, writer, dentist, less, none, magazine, however, than, almost, point, result二、重點(diǎn)短語：How often, hardly ever, at least

18、, swing dance, junk food, how many, such as, less than, fifteen percent, go online, be good for, more than, watch TV, use the Internet, a lot of good habits, go to the dentist三、重點(diǎn)句型：1. -What did you usually do on weekend? -I always exercise.2. They often help with housework.3. -How often does he wat

19、ch TV? -He hardly ever watches TV.4. Forty-five percent exercise four to six times a week.5. She says its good for my health.6. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.四、功能：1. talk about how often you do things五、語法：1. 頻度副詞的用法六、重要考點(diǎn)：1. -How often do you usually go

20、 shopping? Sometimes/Twice a week. 有時候/一周兩次.1) go shopping 意為“去購物”。go+ v- ing : 表示進(jìn)行某項(xiàng)活動。如：go swimming/ shopping/skating/skiing/fishing/climbing/hiking 2)頻率副詞：always=all the time, usually, often, sometimes=at times , hardly ever, never (1).sometimes: 有時候；sometime：某時；some times：許多次/倍; some time: 一段時間

21、hard (2). hardly(adv): 幾乎不 硬的；困難的；勤奮的 a hard writer 努力地； 猛烈地 study/rain hard 3）how often表示“多久一次”，是對動作的頻率進(jìn)行提問。其回答通常有： 頻率副詞： always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, neverhow often 次數(shù)時間段: 如：once or twice a week every 時間段: every day (每天) 區(qū)別：everyday（每天的；日常的）注意：表示“一次或兩次”時，一般用once和twice表示。如：once a

22、 month(一個月一次)而表示“三次或以上”時，則用“數(shù)詞times”結(jié)構(gòu)。如：five times a year (一年五次)4） 由how構(gòu)成的疑問詞組的用法“多少”（1） how many+ 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù) 如：how many programshow much+不可數(shù)名詞。 如：how much coffee 但how much=whats the price of.? 還有“多少錢”的意思 如：How much are those pants?(2)how many times: “多少次”. 其答語表示次數(shù)。如：

23、once ,twice，three times等(3) how old.? 詢問年齡 如：How old are you? I am five.“how long?”(4) 多久(時間) 常用 for two days，for three hours等回答。 多長（某物的長度） 如：-How long is the river? - 10 kms. (5)how soon 用來詢問過多久，多久以后，其答語是in two hours，in three days等。 如：How soon will he come back？ In an hour。3. “空閑的”：Are you free ton

24、ight? 4. at least 至少 at most 最多be free “自由的”： a free country freedom(n) 5. stay up 熬夜（to do sth.） “免費(fèi)的”： work for free. full6. “滿的；飽的” be full of : The bottle is full of water. 瓶子里裝滿了水。 “忙的”=busy He had a full life 7She says its good for my health. 她說那對我的健康有益。（1）be good for：“對有好處”。 如：Doing exercise

25、is good for our health.（2）be good at （doing sth.）：“擅長于” 如：He is good at playing football.（3）be good with: “與相處好” 如： The teacher is good with his students.8go online = use the Internet ：上網(wǎng) 9. more than=over “超過” 10. keep healthy = stay healthy = keep in good health: 保持健康11. ask sb. to do : 叫做某事 Teach

26、er asked me to clean the classroom. ask sb. not to do sth.: 叫不要做某事 Teacher asked me not to clean the classroom. ask sb. about sth. : 問某人某事 We asked our students about their free time activities. ask sb. for sth. : 向某人要求 如：ask teacher for help 12. help sb. with sth. 如：They help me with this problem.

27、他們幫助你解決這個問題。 help sb.（to）do. 如：They help you (to) solve this problem. 他們幫助你解決這個問題。13. (n) 驚訝: to ones surprise 令某人驚訝的是 in surprise 驚訝地 surprise be surprised at sth. 對 感到意外 (v) 使驚奇、意外： be surprised to do sth. 驚訝做某事 be surprised that + 從句 如：I was surprised at the news = I was surprised to hear the new

28、s.14. although(conj):“盡管；雖然”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，同義詞有though, 不能與but同時使用。如： Although theyre neighbors, they dont play together. = Theyre neighbors, but they dont play together. 盡管他們是鄰居，但是他們不在一起玩。15. maybe (adv): 也許，大概，放于句首或句中 may + be：也許是，大概是，放于句中 如：Maybe he is at home.= He maybe is at home.= He may be at home. 1

29、6. Its good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows. by: He learns English by singing English songs.通過 方式 He went home by bus.= He went home on the bus= He took the bus home. through 通過 方式+ 名詞： The best way to relax is through exercise （從里面）穿過： Climb through the window. 注意： 橫過（從一邊到另一邊）

30、 walk across the street.例如17. such as =like + 名短： 如： such as winning the game. for example + 句子： 如：Its healthy for the mind and the body.18. Old habits die hard. 惡習(xí)難改. die(v):死亡；消失 death(n): 死亡；dead(adj): 死的； dying(adj): 垂死的；臨終的；（植）枯萎的 dying wish-遺言19. You can spend time with your friends and family

31、 as you play together.spend 度過（時間） 如：spend the weekend with family 花費(fèi)（時間、錢） 如：He spent 20 yuan (in) buying the magazine. 同義句：He spent 20 yuan on the magazine. He paid 20 yuan for the magazine. It took him 20 yuan to buy the magazine. The magazine cost him 20 yuan.七、單元練習(xí)：1._do you go to Shanghai? A.H

32、ow many times B. How often C,How long D.How soon2. _this book carefully and you can get a lot. A. Reading B.Read C.Readed D.To read3.There is _salt in the fridge, I will buy some. A.little B.few C.a few. D.a little4. I am going to study _. A.hardly B.hard C.hardly ever D.harding5. _do you watch TV?

33、-Twice a week A.How many B.How long C.How far D.How often6. He _ten years old. A.may B.maybe C.may be D.might7. _they were hard-working,_they didnt get good grades. A. Although, / B.Though, but C.though, / D.Although, but8. He is _a clever girl _she can work out this math problem. A.so, that B.such,

34、 that C.too, to D.enough, to9.The _dog was _on the floor, at last it _. A.dying, die, died B.died, die, dying C.dying, dying, died D.death, dying, die10. _ of the students _here. A.None,is B.No one,are C.Nothing,are D.None,are11._of my parents _teachers. http:/w ww.xk A.All,are B.Both,is C.Both, are

35、 DNone,are12. I will have _holiday. A.three weeks B.three-weeks C.three weeks D.three-week13. -Next week I am _ _(相當(dāng)滿) for me. -Really? _? A. How about; B. How come; C.How often D.How many14. My mother _me _.A. hopes, to drink B.wants, drink C.except, to drink D.wants, to drink15. Fifteen percent of

36、 the information _true and twenty percent of the medicine _fake.16.Its good to relax by _(使用) the Internet.17. He went Shanghai, _(但是), I stayed at home.18. Keeping _is good for our _(健康).19. I have _(曾經(jīng)) been to Wuhan, I went there _(兩次).20. What do you usually do _ _(在周末)？Unit 3 Im more outgoing t

37、han my sister一、重點(diǎn)單詞：Outgoing, better, loudly, quietly, hard-working, competition, fantastic, which, clearly, win, talented, truly, care, serious, mirror, kid, necessary, both, though, grade, should, saying, reach, hand, touch, heart, fact, break, arm, laugh, share, loud, similar, primary, informatio

38、n二、重點(diǎn)短語：Which one, care about, primary school, as long as, the same as, bring out, in fact, make sb. laugh, be similar to, have fun, get better grades, share everything三、重點(diǎn)句型：1. -Is Tom smarter than Sam? -No, he isnt.2. Are you as friendly as your sister?3. For me, a good friend likes to do the same

39、 things as me.4. I think a good friend makes me laugh.四、功能：1. talk about personal traits2. compare people五、語法：1. 形容詞和副詞的比較級及相關(guān)句型2. both和asas的用法六、重要考點(diǎn)：同級比較 1 as+adj./adv.(原級)+as : “如同一樣” 否定： not as/so+adj./adv.(原級)+as : “不如一樣”2. 形容詞和副詞的比較級（1）大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有三個等級： 原級、比較級、最高級: good better - best（2）比較級：表示兩者(人

40、或物)之間的比較。（3）加more/most 的情況：.部分雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞；.-ed/ing結(jié)尾的詞；adj+lyadv.（4）雙寫的詞：一個大熱天，一個胖子和一個瘦子穿著紅衣服，汗?jié)窳?，很傷心?big hot fat thin red wet sad（5）主語必須與對比成分保持一致：Her hair is longer than yours.(your hair) （6）比較級and比較級：越來越 e.g. They talked more and more loudly.（7）the比較級, the比較級；越就越The more exercise you do, the stronge

41、r youll be.（9）“Which / Who is + 比較級， A or B？” e.g. Which T-shirt is nicer, this one or that one?（10）the+比較級+of the（ two ） : 兩者中較的一個；如： Of the twins, she was the more hard-working .（11）常用the one代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,the ones /those 代替復(fù)數(shù)名詞,that 代替不可數(shù)名詞。如： The book here is newer than the one on the desk The apples o

42、n the tree are fresher than those/the ones in the box. The weather in Wuhan is hotter than that in Beijing.（12）比較級前可用“數(shù)詞+名詞” 表示確定的度量。如： I am (5 years) older than himThe room is (3 times) as large as that one.（13）比較級常與much, even, far, than, a little, a bit, a lot 等連用. 3. You can tell that Lisa really

43、 wanted to win, though. 然而，你能看得出麗莎真的想贏。 講述： tell a story/lie/joke. 1). tell 告訴 ： tell sb. sth.= tell sth. to sb. ; tell sb. (not) to do sth. 辨別；識別：Can you tell the differences between the twins? 2).though意為“然而；但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系， 常放于句尾，用逗號隔開，而however可位于句首、句中或句末，常用逗號隔開。 However，You can tell that Lisa really

44、wanted to win4. I think friends are like books- you dont need a lot of them as long as theyre good. look like : 看起來像（外貌） She is pretty tall. be like: 像（性格，外貌） He is outgoing/ serious.5. My best friend helps to brings out the best in me. 我最好的朋友幫我激發(fā)出我最好的品質(zhì). 使顯現(xiàn)；使表現(xiàn)出： The dress brings out the color of

45、her skin. bring out 生產(chǎn)；出版： The factory brings out a new kind of car. bring out the best/worst in sb. 激發(fā)出某人最好/最差的品質(zhì). 6. I know she cares about me because shes always there to listen (to me). (n) 小心；謹(jǐn)慎 Take care! 當(dāng)心/保重 Cross the road with care. 1). care 介意；在乎（=mind） I dont care what happens. care abou

46、t: 關(guān)心；在意 如：He doesnt care about anything people say.care for 關(guān)心；照顧 = take care of或look after be there 喜歡；想要（否或疑） 如：Would you care for a cup of coffee? 2). for sb. 隨叫隨到；不離左右 如：Parents are always there for children. to do sth. 隨時準(zhǔn)備幫助 如：She is there to work out the problem. 7. I dont really care if my

47、friends are the same as me or different. if: 是否； 如果8They both like sports. 他們倆都喜歡運(yùn)動。（both：兩個都；用在實(shí)動之前，其它動詞之后） You are both too young. They both speak English.both of .+名詞復(fù)數(shù) 如： Both of the flowers are beautiful. 兩朵花都很漂亮。 bothand兩者都 反義詞組：neithernor兩者都不注意：all：都（三者或三者以上）; either:兩者中任一個；every：每個（三者或三者以上）

48、9. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 到達(dá)： reach /arrive at /get to the school reach 伸手去拿： reach ( out ones hand) for sth. 與取得聯(lián)系：How can I reach you? 延伸：The forest reaches as far as the river. 森林延伸到河邊。 (v) 接觸；觸摸：Dont touch the paint! 請勿觸油漆!touch 觸動；感動 I was touched/moved by his words. 我被他的話打