Unit 11 Health and Fitness CATTI三級(jí)筆譯

1、幻燈片1Unit 11 Health and FitnessI. Text Translation AnalysisII. Translation Technique: DivisionIII. Classroom Exercises and CommentIV. Comment on the After-Class Exercise幻燈片2l Healthcare Reforml During the past two decades, all of the industrialized nations have enacted some form of healthcare reform.

2、 America is no exception. Just a few years ago, the U. S. was consumed by a vigorous public debate about healthcare. In the end, the debate reaffirmed that the U. S. would retain its essentially market-based system.l l 醫(yī)療改革l 過(guò)去二十年來(lái)，所有的工業(yè)國(guó)家都實(shí)施過(guò)某種形式的醫(yī)療改革，美國(guó)也不例外。就在幾年前，美國(guó)掀起了一場(chǎng)轟轟烈烈的關(guān)于醫(yī)療改革的公眾辯論。最終，這場(chǎng)辯論重新確

3、認(rèn)美國(guó)應(yīng)繼續(xù)保留原有的基本上以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向的醫(yī)療體制。 幻燈片3l Instead of reform imposed from the top down, the American healthcare system underwent some rather profound self-reform, driven by powerful market forces. The marketnot governmentmanaged to wring inflation out of the private healthcare market. l 美國(guó)的醫(yī)療體制未曾進(jìn)行過(guò)自上而下的改革，而是

4、在強(qiáng)大的市場(chǎng)推動(dòng)下經(jīng)歷了一些深刻的自我變革。私營(yíng)醫(yī)療保健市場(chǎng)的水分，是依靠市場(chǎng)、而不是政府的作用來(lái)擠掉的?；脽羝?l Today, it appears that U. S. healthcare costs are again on the rise. At the same time, American patientslike patients elsewhereare becoming more vocal about restrictions many face in their healthcare plans. Talk of government-led reform is o

5、nce again in the air. l 如今，美國(guó)的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用似乎再次呈上漲趨勢(shì)。于此同時(shí)，和其他國(guó)家的病患一樣，美國(guó)的病患對(duì)于他們醫(yī)療保健計(jì)劃中所受到的種種限制也越來(lái)越怨聲載道。讓政府來(lái)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)醫(yī)療改革的話題又一次被提起?；脽羝?l We must think twice, though, before embarking on “reform” if that means imposing further restrictions on our healthcare markets. The more sensible course is to introduce policies th

6、at make the market work betterthat is, to the advantage of consumers. l 然而，政府所主導(dǎo)的醫(yī)療改革如果僅僅意味著加大對(duì)醫(yī)療市場(chǎng)的限制的話，那我們可要三思而后行了。其實(shí)，更為明智的做法是制定一些對(duì)消費(fèi)者更為有利的政策，改善市場(chǎng)的運(yùn)作。 幻燈片6l I base this argument on our companys decades of experience in healthcare systems around the world, which has given us a unique global perspec

7、tive on the right and wrong way to reform healthcare. The wrong way is to impose layer after layer of regulation and restrictions. We have seen this approach tried in many countries, and we have always see it failfail to hold down costs, and fail to provide the best quality care. l 這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是基于我們公司在全球醫(yī)療系

8、統(tǒng)中數(shù)十年的經(jīng)驗(yàn)而提出來(lái)的。這些經(jīng)驗(yàn)給了我們獨(dú)特的視角，來(lái)判斷醫(yī)療改革中正確和錯(cuò)誤的做法。我們認(rèn)為，強(qiáng)加層層規(guī)定和限制的做法是錯(cuò)誤的。很多國(guó)家都曾經(jīng)采取過(guò)這種改革方式，但這樣的改革總是以失敗而告終：因?yàn)樗葲](méi)有降低醫(yī)療成本，也無(wú)法給患者提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的治療。 幻燈片7l Medicine is changing at so rapid pace that no government agency or expert commission can keep up with it. Only an open, informed and competitive market can do that. Th

9、is lesson holds true for U. S. , and for all countries contemplating healthcare reform. Free markets do what governments mean to do but cant.l 醫(yī)藥的發(fā)展速度實(shí)在是太快了，任何政府機(jī)構(gòu)或?qū)＜椅瘑T會(huì)都無(wú)法跟上。唯一能跟上這一發(fā)展速度的只有開(kāi)放、信息充分而有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的市場(chǎng)。這一經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)既適用于美國(guó)，同樣也適用于所有正在籌劃醫(yī)療改革的國(guó)家。政府想做卻又無(wú)法做到的事情，自由市場(chǎng)可以做到。 幻燈片8l The right approach is to foster

10、a flexible, market-based system in which consumers have rights, responsibilities, and choices. Healthcare systems do not work if patients are treated as passive recipients of services: they do work if consumers are well-informed about quality, costs, and new treatments, and are free to act responsib

11、ly on that knowledge. l 進(jìn)行醫(yī)療改革的正確途徑是建立一套靈活的、以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向的醫(yī)療體制。在這套體制下，消費(fèi)者既享有權(quán)利也承擔(dān)義務(wù)，而且還能自由地做出選擇。如果患者只是被動(dòng)地接受醫(yī)療服務(wù)，這樣的醫(yī)療體制根本就是行不通的。相反，如果患者能充分了解藥物質(zhì)量、醫(yī)療費(fèi)用以及最新的治療方法，然后再根據(jù)這些情況自由選擇治療方案，這樣的體制才是可行的。 幻燈片9l Of course, reform should never be driven purely by cost consideration. Instead, we ought to devise new ways of f

12、unding healthcare that will make it possible for all patients to afford the best care. l 當(dāng)然，醫(yī)療改革決不能只受價(jià)格因素的驅(qū)動(dòng)。相反，我們應(yīng)該尋求新的途徑來(lái)資助醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)事業(yè)，使所有的患者都能享受最好的醫(yī)療服務(wù)。 幻燈片10l Ideally, these new approaches would not only reward individuals and families but also encourage innovation, which can make healthcare systems

13、more efficient, more productive, and ultimately of greater value for patients.l 理想的改革方式不僅能使個(gè)人和家庭受益，而且還能鼓勵(lì)醫(yī)療創(chuàng)新，使得整個(gè)醫(yī)療體制的運(yùn)行效率更高，成效更大，最終使患者受益更多。幻燈片11l The path we choose will have enormous implications for all of us. We are in a golden age of science, and no field of scientific inquiry holds more promi

14、se than that of biomedicine. Not only can we look forward to the discovery of cures for chronic and acute disease, but also to the development of enabling therapies that can help people enjoy more rewarding and productive lives. l 選擇怎樣的改革路線與我們每個(gè)人息息相關(guān)。我們正處在一個(gè)科學(xué)發(fā)展的黃金時(shí)代，而生物醫(yī)學(xué)又是目前最具探索前景的一個(gè)科學(xué)領(lǐng)域。我們不僅可以期待找

15、到治愈各種急、慢性疾病的藥物，還可以期待研制出各種療法，幫助人們過(guò)上更有意義、更有價(jià)值的生活。 幻燈片12l New drugs are already helping people who would once have been disabled by arthritis or cardiovascular disease stay active and mobile. More effective anti-depressants and anti-psychotics are beginning to relieve the crippling illness of the mind,

16、 allowing sufferers to function normally and happily in society. The promise is quite simplyone of longer, healthier lives.l 過(guò)去，關(guān)節(jié)炎和心血管疾病的患者很有可能致殘；而現(xiàn)在，新型的藥物可以使他們繼續(xù)活動(dòng)自如?？挂钟羲幒涂咕癫∷幍寞熜岣吡?，能緩解人們精神方面的疾病，使患者在社會(huì)上正常、快樂(lè)地生活。簡(jiǎn)單地說(shuō)，生物醫(yī)學(xué)給我們帶來(lái)的希望就是，它能使人們更長(zhǎng)壽、更健康?；脽羝?3l What is at issue are the pace and breadth of d

17、iscovery, and how quickly we can make the benefits of our knowledge available to the patients who need them. l 現(xiàn)在還有待解決的問(wèn)題就是新藥開(kāi)發(fā)的步伐有多快、范圍有多廣，以及需要多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才能讓那些有需要的患者從中受益?；脽羝?4l Therefore, the policy environment the biomedical industry will face in the next century may make or break the next wave of biomed

18、ical breakthroughs. Will that environment include protection for intellectual property, freedom for the market to determine price, and support for a robust science base? l 因此，下個(gè)世紀(jì)制藥業(yè)所面臨的政策環(huán)境將會(huì)決定生物醫(yī)藥領(lǐng)域是否會(huì)出現(xiàn)新一波的突破。改革后的政策環(huán)境會(huì)保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)嗎？會(huì)允許市場(chǎng)自由定價(jià)嗎？會(huì)建立強(qiáng)大的科研基地而提供支持嗎？幻燈片15l Will healthcare systems nurture inno

19、vation, or remove incentives for discover? Will they give consumers information and options, or impose stringent rules and regulations that limit access and choice? For the U. S., as for the rest of the world, the healthcare debate is by no means over. And for all of us, the stakes are higher than e

20、ver. l 改革后的醫(yī)療體制是有助于培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新意識(shí)，還是會(huì)抑制創(chuàng)新？這樣的醫(yī)療體制是為消費(fèi)者提供更多的信息和選擇，還是用苛刻的規(guī)則和條例限制他們的信息來(lái)源和選擇權(quán)？對(duì)于美國(guó)和世界上其他國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō)，關(guān)于醫(yī)療體制的爭(zhēng)論絕沒(méi)有結(jié)束。而對(duì)我們所有人來(lái)說(shuō)，醫(yī)療體制改革的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比以往任何時(shí)候都要大。幻燈片16II. Translation Technique: DivisionIn division, we divide a sentence into two or more parts by picking out those words, phrases or clauses which are “har

21、d nuts to crack” and make them into Chinese word-groups, clauses or sentences, coordinate or subordinate.¯Picking Out of Words (拆譯單詞)¯ Picking Out of Phrases (拆譯短語(yǔ))¯Splitting of Complex Sentences (Attributive Clause) (拆譯復(fù)合句）幻燈片17l ¯Picking Out of Words (拆譯單詞)l Your sister-in-law

22、is a nice pretty woman? (Vanity Fair)l 你的嫂子大概很漂亮，為人也不錯(cuò)，是不是？l I should be glad of your company on the journey.l 如果你能陪我一塊兒去，我會(huì)很高興。l He reminded me of what I should otherwise have forgotten.l 他提醒了我，要不然我就把這事給忘了?；脽羝?8l The headlines of the Paris and London newspaper were big, black, and frightened. (Wind

23、s of War)l 巴黎和倫敦的報(bào)紙用的是大號(hào)黑體標(biāo)題，顯得驚慌失措。l I had unforgivably, in a stealthy manner, peeped at her correspondence. (Rebecca)l 我偷偷摸摸地看她的信，這實(shí)在是難以寬恕的行為。l The sailors swarmed into a laughing, cheering ring around the two men.l 水兵們歡歡笑笑，蜂擁而至，把這兩個(gè)人圍了起來(lái)。幻燈片19l At present people have a tendency to choose the safe

24、ty of the middle-ground reply.l 如今，人們傾向于采取不偏不倚的態(tài)度來(lái)回答問(wèn)題，因?yàn)檫@樣安全，不招風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。l The time could have been more profitably spent in making a detailed investigation.l 如果當(dāng)初把時(shí)間花在做一番詳細(xì)的調(diào)查上，收獲就會(huì)更大?；脽羝?0l You could believe that I have worked that moment over and over again, in a sad attempt to send time back and resol

25、ve the event in a less tragic way. (N. Rigg)l 真的，我一次又一次地回憶當(dāng)時(shí)的情景，帶著憂傷的心情，想把時(shí)間倒轉(zhuǎn)回去，以求用一種不那么悲慘的方式來(lái)處理這個(gè)意外情況。幻燈片21l ¯ Picking Out of Phrases (拆譯短語(yǔ))l In the doorway lay at least twelve umbrellas of all sizes and colours.l 門口放著一堆雨傘，少說(shuō)也有十二把，五顏六色，大小不一。l I waited in growing impatience to get on my way, n

26、ot for one minute but for quite a considerable time. (W. Gallacher: Revolt on the Clyde)l 我等著要上路，越等越不耐煩，哪里是等一會(huì)兒，一等就是老半天?；脽羝?2l Thunderstorms in spring and summer often come with intensity great enough to cause flash-flooding.l 春夏兩季，雷雨交加，猛烈異常，往往頃刻之間，暴雨成災(zāi)。l l Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-ey

27、ed smiling attention, saying nothing, and applauding heartily with the rest. (The Winds of War)l 弗蘭克林羅斯福目光炯炯，含笑傾聽(tīng)，一言未發(fā)，然后與其他人一道，報(bào)以熱烈的掌聲?；脽羝?3l This is an intelligently organized and fervent meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair. l 這是一次精心組織起來(lái)的會(huì)議。市政廳里擠滿了人，熱情洋溢，主持會(huì)議的斯特朗先生。l The sh

28、arp divergence of opinion in the General Assembly makes it difficult to adopt a meaning resolution.l 聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)上意見(jiàn)分歧很大，以致難以通過(guò)一項(xiàng)有意義的決議 幻燈片24l Nothing seems to be too much for your people to make our stay here comfortable and enjoyable and our work smooth and effective.l 為了使我們?cè)谶@里逗留期間感到舒適又愉快，為了使我們的工作進(jìn)行得順利而有

29、成效，貴國(guó)人民似乎是不惜一切的。l The present onslaught of vehicles pose a serious threat to urban life and pedestrian peace of mind. l 當(dāng)前，車輛橫沖直闖，嚴(yán)重威脅著城市生活，路上行人無(wú)不提心吊膽?；脽羝?5l Mr. Lodge was in an ambiguous position in Saigon as a possible Republican presidential candidate representing a Democratic administration.l 當(dāng)時(shí)

30、洛奇先生在西貢的地位不明確。他可能成為共和黨總統(tǒng)候選人，但是他代表的卻是民主黨政府。l From the above observation, the conclusion to be drawn is that orogeny is preceded by the development of a deep basin of exceptionally thick accumulation of sedimentary materials.l 從以上的觀察可以得出結(jié)論，造山運(yùn)動(dòng)之前就形成了一個(gè)很深的盆地，其中堆積了巨厚的沉積物質(zhì)。幻燈片26l They were forced to put

31、forward an alternative of separate development for all races in these so-called homelands with a promise of eventual independence for the Africans in these areas.l 他們不得不變換花樣，提出所有種族在自己的所謂本土上分別發(fā)展的辦法，并許諾非洲人最終在這些地區(qū)獲得獨(dú)立?；脽羝?7l ¯Splitting of Complex Sentences (Attributive Clause) (拆譯復(fù)合句）l In 1884, a

32、large group of nations held a conference in Washington, D. C., and established Standard Time, which was based on solar time as figured at the Royal Observatory of Greenwich, England.l 1884年，許多國(guó)家在美國(guó)首都華盛頓舉行會(huì)議，定出了“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)時(shí)間”。這是按照英國(guó)格林威治皇家天文臺(tái)計(jì)算出來(lái)的太陽(yáng)時(shí)間。幻燈片28l Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many time

33、s the size of the computer of which it forms a part, thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputers. l 現(xiàn)在的集成電路成了計(jì)算機(jī)的組成部分，使計(jì)算機(jī)的體積大大縮小，從而產(chǎn)生了新一代的袖珍式微型計(jì)算機(jī)。l The draft resolution, carefully drafted in moderate terms, which, despite its flaws, we shall support, is primarily an appeal. l 這項(xiàng)決議草案，精

34、心草擬，措詞溫和，首先是一種呼吁。盡管它有缺點(diǎn)，我們還要支持?；脽羝?9l On behalf of all of our American guests, I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for which the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world. (Toasts by President Nixon at the banquet Given by Premier Zhou Enlai, Feb. 21, 1972)l 我謹(jǐn)代表你們的所有美國(guó)客

35、人向你們表示感謝，感謝你們的無(wú)可比擬的盛情款待。中國(guó)人民以這種盛情款待而聞名于世。l Bright sunshine flooded the street where a group of boys in Sunday clothes were playing ball. (A. Waltz: Sunday Morning on Twentieth Street)l 大街上陽(yáng)光燦爛。一群穿著假日服裝的孩子正在街上玩球?；脽羝?0l In the course of decay of the vegetable and animal matter in toe soil, various aci

36、ds and gases are formed which help to decompose the rock particles and other compounds needed for the plant foods.l 動(dòng)植物在泥土里腐爛的過(guò)程中，形成各種酸和氣體。這些酸和氣體有助于分解巖石粒和其他化合物，以供植物作養(yǎng)料。l Tradition has it that island-city was founded in A. D. 451 when a coast-dwelling people called the Venetti fled across the lagoon

37、before advancing Hun barbarians. (C. Lucas: A Valentine for Venice)l 傳說(shuō)這座島城是在公元451年建立的。那時(shí)候，野蠻的匈奴人步步逼近，居住在沿岸的那些被稱為威尼替的民族，在匈奴人來(lái)到之前就逃過(guò)了環(huán)礁湖。幻燈片31l III. Classroom Exercises and Commentl IV. Comment on the After-Class Exercise幻燈片32l Its not the turkey alone were grateful for. Not the cranberry sauce or th

38、e stuffing or even the pumpkin pie. Some of the people seated at the table are strangersfriends of friends, cousins of in-lawsand some are almost desperately familiar, faces we live and work with every day.l 不單是因?yàn)橛谢痣u我們才感恩，也不是因?yàn)橛屑t梅果醬、火雞餡料，甚至不是因?yàn)橛心瞎吓?。餐桌上就座的人有些是陌生人，是朋友的朋友，親戚的親戚，有些則是熟得不能再熟的人，一起生活的家人，一塊兒

39、工作的同事?；脽羝?3l In any other week, today would merely be Thursday and the gathering of all these peoplethe cooking and serving and cleaninga chore. But today it doesnt feel that way. l 要是一年中其他時(shí)候，周四也就是個(gè)普通的周四，這么一群人聚在一起，少不了要做飯上菜、清洗杯盤(pán)，麻煩是難免的。可今天不同，今天我們并不感到麻煩。 幻燈片34l The hostperhaps its youstands up and ask

40、s that we give thanks, and we do, each in our own way. And what were thankful for is simply this, the food, the shelter, the company and, above all, the sense of belonging.l 主人（也許正是你）站起身來(lái)，邀大家感恩，也就是因?yàn)橛酗埑?，有房住，有人陪伴，更重要的是有那份歸屬感。 幻燈片35l As holidays go, Thanksgiving is in some ways the most philosophical.

41、 Today we try not to take for granted the things we almost always take for granted. We try if only in that brief pause before the eating begins, to see through the well-worn patterns of our lives to what lies behind them. l 在眾多的假日中，感恩節(jié)可以說(shuō)是最令人深思的節(jié)日。今天我們會(huì)把平時(shí)習(xí)以為常的東西看得很珍貴。怎么至少會(huì)在吃飯前的片刻，看透那一成不變的生活，悟出背后的道理

42、。 幻燈片36l In other words, we try to understand how very rich we are, whether we feel very rich or not. Today is one of the few times most Americans consciously set desire aside, if only because desire is incompatible with the gratitudenot to mention the abundancethat Thanksgiving summons.l 換句話說(shuō)，無(wú)論我們覺(jué)

43、得自己是貧是富，我們總是盡力把自己看得十分富有。今天是美國(guó)人難得有意識(shí)地將欲望擱置一旁的日子，這至少是因?yàn)榻裉煳覀冇幸活w感恩的心，更不用說(shuō)還有一桌豐盛的菜肴，欲望此時(shí)光臨便顯得格格不入。 幻燈片37l Its tempting to think that one Thanksgiving is pretty much like another, except for differences in the guest list and the recipes. But it isnt true. This is always a feast about where we are now. Thanksgiving reflects the complexion of the year were in. l 人們不禁會(huì)覺(jué)得，除了賓客不同，菜式翻新，感恩節(jié)還是年年依舊。其實(shí)不然。感恩節(jié)這一餐總是關(guān)乎到我們的處境，反映出一年的年景。 幻燈片38l Some years it feels buoyant, almost jubilant in nature. Other