高考英語語法專題復習-動詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài)

1、高考英語（通用版）一輪復習專題02 動詞的時態(tài)及語態(tài)【考綱解讀】動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)歷來是高考題中考查的重頭戲之一。2004年的15套高考題中就有41道題對該部分進行考查，2005年的高考題中有37個單選題，2006年亦有38個且測試重點放在根據(jù)特定語言環(huán)境區(qū)別使用一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時；一般現(xiàn)在時(過去時)與現(xiàn)在(過去)進行時；及物動詞的被動用法；特定的時間狀語中時態(tài)的使用；結合所獲得的語言知識確定正確時態(tài)的能力等。綜上所述，動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)在高考測試中的地位非常重要。因而考生在復習備考中必須對本專題引起足夠的重視?！局R要點】動詞的時態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1.經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻度

2、的時間狀語連用。時間狀語： every.，sometimes,on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.我每天早上七點離家去學校。2.客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。The earth moves around the sun.地球圍著太陽轉。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中國的東方。3.表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。Columbus proved that th

3、e earth is round.哥倫布證明地球是圓的。4.現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。比較：Now I put the sugar in the cup.現(xiàn)在我往杯子里放糖。I am doing my homework now.我在做作業(yè)。第一句用一般現(xiàn)在時，用于操作演示或指導說明的示范性動作，表示言行的瞬間動作。再如：Now watch me，I switch on the current and stand back. 第二句中的now是進行時的標志，表示正在進行的動作的客觀狀況，所以后句用一般現(xiàn)在時。二、一般過去時的用法1.在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：

4、yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982等。Where did you go just now?剛才你去哪兒了？2.表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。When I was a child，I often played football in the street.我小的時候，經(jīng)常在街上踢足球。3.句型：It is time for sb.to do sth.“到時間了”“該了”It is time sb.did sth.“時間已遲了”“早該了”It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了。

5、It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。would (had)rather sb.did sth.表示“寧愿某人做某事”4.wish，wonder，think，hope 等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。I thought you might have some. 我以為你想要一些。比較：一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.她已不在人間。Christine has been an invalid all her life.她現(xiàn)在還活著。Mrs.Darby lived

6、 in Kentucky for seven years.達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。Mrs.Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.現(xiàn)在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去。注意： 用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。動詞want，hope，wonder，think，intend 等。Did you want anything else?您還要點別的嗎？情態(tài)動詞 could，wouldCould you lend me your bike?能借用一下你的自行車嗎？5.used to/be used to1)used to+do：“過去常?！北硎具^去習慣性

7、的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.母親以前沒有這么健忘。Scarf used to take a walk.Scart過去常常散步。2)be used to+doing： 對已感到習慣，或“習慣于”，to是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。Scarf is used to taking a walk.Scart現(xiàn)在習慣于散步。三、一般將來時1.shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。will 在陳述句中用于各人稱，在征求意見時常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first？我應該先讀哪一段？2

8、.be going to+不定式，表示將來。1)主語的意圖，即將做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?明天你打算干什么？2)計劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month.這部戲預計要下個月拍。3)有跡象要發(fā)生的事 Look at the dark clouds，there is going to be a storm.看那烏云，要來暴風雨了。4)be+不定式表將來，按計劃或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們打算下周六討

9、論這個報告。5)be about to+不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.他正打算動身去北京。注意：be about to 不能與tomorrow，next week 等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。3.be going to/will用于條件句時， be going to表將來will表意愿If you are going to make a journey，youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.如果你打算去旅行，最好盡快準備好。Now if you will take off

10、 your clothes，we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.如果你愿意脫下身上穿的衣服，我們就可以在鏡子前給你試穿一下新衣服。4.be to和be going tobe to 表示客觀安排或受人指示而做某事。be going to 表示主觀的打算或計劃。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客觀安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.(主觀安排)5.一般現(xiàn)在時表將來1)下列動詞：come，go，arrive，

11、leave，start，begin，return的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明早六點發(fā)車。2)倒裝句，表示動作正在進行Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.車來了。There goes the bell.=The bell is ringing.鈴響了。3)在時間或條件句中。When Bill comes (不是will come)，ask him to wait for me.比爾來了后，讓他等我。Ill write to you

12、as soon as I arrive there.我一到那兒就給你寫信。4)在動詞hope，take care that，make sure that等后邊。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.離開房間前一定要確保窗戶都關上了。6.用現(xiàn)在進行時表示將來意為：“意圖”“打算”“安排”常用于人。常用詞為 come，go，start，arrive，leave，stay等。Im leaving tomorrow.我打算明天動身。Are you staying here till next week? 你打算在

13、這兒住到下周嗎？四、現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，其結果的確和現(xiàn)在有了解。動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構成： have (has)+過去分詞。1.比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時1)過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。 2)過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。3)現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live，teach，learn，work，study，know。過去時

14、常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come，go，leave，start，die，finish，become，get married等。I saw this film yesterday.我昨天看了這部電影。（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）I have seen this film.這部電影我看過了。（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）She has returned from Paris.她已從巴黎回來了。She returned yesterday.她昨天回來了。He has been in the League for three years.(在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù))He has been a Lea

15、gue member for three years.(是團員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù))句子中如有過去時的時間副詞如 yesterday，last，week，in 1960時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。（錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.（對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.2.用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型1)It is the first/second time.that.結構中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。It is the first time that I have visi

16、ted the city.這是我第一次參觀這座城市。2)This is the.that.結構，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。This is the best film that Ive (ever)seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。This is the first time (that)Ive heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。（錯）I have received his letter for a month.（對）I havent received his letter for a

17、lmost a month.3.比較since和forsince 用來說明動作起始時間，for用來說明動作延續(xù)時間長度。I have lived here for more than twenty years.我在這兒住了20多年了。I have lived here since I was born.我自出生就住在這兒。I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.我好久沒收到叔叔的信了。注意：并非有for 作為時間狀語的句子都用現(xiàn)在完成時。I worked here for more than twenty years. 我在這里工作過20多

18、年。(我現(xiàn)在已不在這里工作。)I have worked here for many years.我在這里工作了多年了。(現(xiàn)在我仍在這里工作。)小竅門：當現(xiàn)在完成時+一段時間，這一結構中，我們用下面的公式轉化，很容易就能排除非延續(xù)動詞在完成時中的誤用。湯姆學習俄語有3年了。(對)Tom has studied Russian for three years.=Tom began to study Russian three years ago，and is still studying it now.Harry結婚6年了。(錯)Harry has got married for six yea

19、rs.=Harry began to get married six years ago，and is still getting married now.顯然，第二句不對，它應改為 Harry got married six years ago.或Harry has been married for six years.4.since的四種用法1) since+過去一個時間點(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點、1980，last month，half past six)。I have been here since 1989.我自1989年就在這兒。2)since+一段時間+agoI have b

20、een here since five months ago.自五個月前我就一直在這兒。3)since+從句Great changes have taken place since you left.自從你走后發(fā)生了很大的變化。4)It is+一段時間+since從句It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.自從我考上研究生已有兩年了。5.延續(xù)動詞與瞬間動詞1) 用于完成時的區(qū)別延續(xù)動詞表示經(jīng)驗、經(jīng)歷； 瞬間動詞表示行為的結果，不能與表示段的時間狀語連用。He has completed the work.他已完成了那項工作。

21、(表結果)Ive known him since then.我從那時起就認識他了。(表經(jīng)歷)2)用于till/until從句的差異延續(xù)動詞用于肯定句，表示“做直到” 瞬間動詞用于否定句，表示“到，才”。He didnt come back until ten oclock.他到10 點才回來。He slept until ten oclock.他一直睡到10點。五、過去完成時1.概念：表示過去的過去其構成是had+過去分詞構成。2.用法1)在told，said，knew，heard，thought等動詞后的賓語從句中。She said (that)she had never been to P

22、aris.她說她從來沒去過巴黎。2) 狀語從句在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。When the police arrived，the thieves had run away.等到警察來的時候，賊早已經(jīng)跑了。3)表示意向的動詞，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose等，用過去完成時表示“原本，未能”。We had hoped that you would come，but you didnt.我們原本希望你能來，但你卻沒來。3.過去完成時的時間狀語before，by，until ，when，afte

23、r，once，as soon as。He said that he had learned some English before.他說他以前學過英語。By the time he was twelve，Edison had began to make a living by himself.等到愛迪生12歲那年，他早已學會自我謀生了。注意：hardly.when 就no sooner.than剛 就4.用一般過去時代替完成時1)兩個動作如按順序發(fā)生，又不強調(diào)先后，或用then，and，but 等連詞時，多用一般過去時。When she saw the mouse，she screamed.看

24、到老鼠，她尖叫了起來。2)兩個動作相繼發(fā)生，可用一般過去時；如第一個動作需要若干時間完成，用過去完成時。When I heard the news，I was very excited.聽到這個消息時，我非常激動。3)敘述歷史事實，可不用過去完成時，而只用一般過去時。Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.老師告訴過我們哥倫布在1492年發(fā)現(xiàn)了美洲。六、將來完成時1.構成will have done sth.2.概念1)狀態(tài)完成：表示某事繼續(xù)到將來某一時為止一直有的狀態(tài)。2)動作完成：表示將來某一時或另一個將來的

25、動作之前，已經(jīng)完成的動作或已獲得的經(jīng)驗。They will have been married for 20 years by then.到那時他們結婚就20年了。You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.明天這個時候你就到了上海了。七、現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時的基本用法：1.表示現(xiàn)在(指說話人說話時)正在發(fā)生的事情。We are waiting for you.我們正在等你。2.習慣進行：表示長期的或重復性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進行。Mr.Green is writing another novel.格林先生在寫另一部小說。(說

26、話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)She is learning piano under Mr.Smith.她在跟史密斯先生學鋼琴。3.表示漸變的動詞有：get，grow，become，turn，run，go，begin等。Its getting warmer and warmer.天越來越暖和了。4.與always，constantly，forever 等詞連用，表示反復發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。You are always changing your mind.你總是改變主意。5.不用進行時的動詞1)事實狀態(tài)的動詞have，belong，possess，cost

27、，owe，exist，include，contain，matter，weigh，measure，continueI have two brothers.我有兩個哥哥。This house belongs to my sister.這房子是我姐姐的。2)心理狀態(tài)的動詞know，realize，think see，believe，suppose，imagine，agree，recognize，remember，want，need，forget，prefer，mean，understand，love，hateI need your help.我需要你的幫助。He loves her very muc

28、h.他非常愛她。3) 瞬間動詞 accept，receive，complete，finish，give，allow，decide，refuseI accept your advice.我接受你的建議。4)系動詞seem，remain，lie，see，hear，smell，feel，taste，get，become，turnYou seem a little tired.你看起來有點累。八、過去進行時1.概念：表示過去某時正在進行的狀態(tài)或動作。2.過去進行時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。3.常用的時間狀語this morning，the whole m

29、orning，all day yesterday，from nine to ten，last evening，when，whileIt was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站的時候，天正下著雨。九、將來進行時1.概念：表示將來某時進行的狀態(tài)或動作，或按預測將來會發(fā)生的事情。Shell be coming soon.她很快就會來了。注意：將來進行時不用于表示“意志”，不能說 Ill be having a talk with her.2.常用的時間狀語Soon，tomorrow，this evening，on Sunday，by this t

30、ime，tomorrow，in two days，tomorrow eveningBy this time tomorrow，Ill be lying on the beach.明天這個時候，我正躺在沙灘上。十、一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時1.時間狀語從句，條件句中，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時when，while，before，after，till，once，as soon as，so long as，by the time，if，in case (that)，unless，even if，whether，the moment，the minute，the day，the year，immediate

31、lyHe is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨媽。2.表示現(xiàn)在已安排好的未來事項，行程等活動。The museum opens at ten tomorrow.博物館明天10點開門。(實際上每天如此。)十一、一般現(xiàn)在時代替過去時1.“書上說”“報紙上說”等。The newspaper says that its going to be cold tomorrow. 報紙上說明天會很冷的。2.敘述往事，使其生動。Napoleons army now advances and the great

32、battle begins.拿破侖的部隊沖上來了，戰(zhàn)斗打響了。十二、一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時1.有些動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時代替完成時：hear，tell，learn，write，understand，forget，know，find，say,rememberI hear (=have heard)he will go to London.I forget (=have forgotten)how old he is.2.句型“It is.since.”代替“It has been.since.”It is (=has been)five years since we last met.十三、一般現(xiàn)在時代

33、替進行時1.句型：Here comes.； There goes.Look，here comes Mr.Li.看，李先生來了。十四、現(xiàn)在進行時代替將來時1.表示即將發(fā)生的或預定中計劃好的活動。Are you staying with us this weekend? 這周和我們一起度周末嗎?We are leaving soon.我們馬上就走。 2.漸變動詞，如：get，run，grow，become，begin，dieHe is dying.他快要不行了。十五、時態(tài)一致1.如果從句所敘述的為真理或不變的事實，則永遠用現(xiàn)在時。At that time，people did not know t

34、hat the earth moves.在那時，人們不知道地球是運動的。He told me last week that he is eighteen.他上周告訴我他18歲了。2.賓語從句中的助動詞ought，need，must，dare 時態(tài)是不變的。He thought that I need not tell you the truth.他原以為我沒有必要告訴你真相。十六、時態(tài)與時間狀語時間狀語一般現(xiàn)在時every.，sometimes,at.，on Sunday一般過去時yesterday，last week，an hour ago，the other day，in 1982，jus

35、t now一般將來時next.，tomorrow，in+時間現(xiàn)在完成時for，since，so far，ever，never，just，yet，till/until，up to now，in past years，always，recently過去完成時before，by，until，when，after，once，as soon as過去進行時this morning，the whole morning，all day，yesterday，from nine to ten last evening.when，while將來進行時soon，tomorrow，this evening，on Su

36、nday，by this time，tomorrow，in two days，tomorrow evening動詞的語態(tài)一、分類及定義語態(tài)有兩種：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主語是動作的發(fā)出者為主動語態(tài)；主語是動作的接受者為被動語態(tài)。1.若賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加“to”。此類動詞為感官動詞。feel，hear，help，listen to，look at，make，observe，see，notice，watchThe teacher made me go out of the classroom.老師把我趕出了教室。I was made to go out o

37、f the classroom (by the teacher).我被老師趕出了教室。2.情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞，構成被動語態(tài)。Coal can be used to produce electricity for agriculture and industry.煤可以用來發(fā)電以供應工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)。二、功能及用法1.let 的用法1）當let后只有一個單音節(jié)動詞，變被動語態(tài)時，可用不帶to 的不定式。They let the strange go.The strange was let go.他們讓那個陌生人走了。 2)若let 后賓補較長時，let 通常不用被動語態(tài)，而用allow或perm

38、it 代替。The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital.I was allowed/permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.護士讓我去看望在醫(yī)院的同學。2.短語動詞的被動語態(tài)短語動詞是一個整體，不可丟掉后面的介詞或副詞。My sister will be taken care of by grandma.我妹妹將由奶奶來照顧。Such a thing has never been heard of before.那種事情以前從來沒聽說過。3.表示“據(jù)說”或“相信” 的詞組be

39、lieve，consider，declare，expect，feel，report，say，see，suppose，think，understand It is said that.據(jù)說It is reported that.據(jù)報道It is believed that.大家相信It is hoped that.大家希望It is well known that.眾所周知It is thought that.大家認為It is suggested that.據(jù)建議It is taken granted that.被視為當然It has been decided that.大家決定It must

40、 be remembered that.務必記住的是It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.據(jù)說她周二動身去武漢。4.不用被動語態(tài)的情況1)不及物動詞或某些動詞短語無被動語態(tài)：appear，die disappear，end (vi.結束)，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand,break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silence，lose heart，take place比較： rise，fall，happen是不及物動詞；raise，sea

41、t是及物動詞。價格上漲了。(錯)The price has been risen. (對)The price has risen.事故發(fā)生在上周。(錯)The accident was happened last week.(對) The accident happened last week.要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)，就須注意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特別是一詞多義的動詞往往有兩種用法。解決這一問題惟有在學習過程中多留意積累。2)不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語： fit，have，hold，marry，own，wish，cost，notice，watch agree with，a

42、rrive at/in，shake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to，take part in，walk into，belong toYour story agrees with what had already been heard.你的故事跟我們聽到的相符。3)系動詞無被動語態(tài)： appear，be become，fall，feel，get，grow，keep，look，remain，seem，smell， sound，stay，taste，turnIt sounds good.這聽起來不錯。4)帶同源賓語的及物動詞、反身代詞、相互代詞

43、，不能用于被動語態(tài)： die，death，dream，live，lifeShe dreamed a bad dream last night.她昨天晚上做了一個噩夢。5)當賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態(tài)。她喜歡游泳。(對)She likes to swim.(錯)To swim is liked by her.5.主動形式表示被動意義1) wash，clean，cook，iron，look，cut，sell，read，wear，feel，draw，write，sell，drive.The book sells well.這本書銷路好。This knife cuts easily.這刀子很好用

44、。2)blame，let(出租)，remain，keep，rent，buildI was to blame for the accident.對于這起事故我應受責備。Much work remains.還剩下好多活。3)在need，require，want，worth(形容詞)，deserve后的動名詞必須用主動形式。The door needs repairing.=The door needs to be repaired.這扇門需要修了。This room needs cleaning.這房間應該打掃一下。This book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。4)特殊結構

45、：make sb.heard/understood(使別人能聽見/理解自己)have sth.done (要某人做某事)。6.被動形式表示主動意義be determined，be pleased，be graduated (from)，be finished，be prepared (for)，be occupied (in)，get married He is graduated from a famous university.他畢業(yè)于一所有名的大學。注意： 表示同某人結婚，用marry sb. 或get married to sb. 都可。He married a rich girl.他

46、娶了一個有錢的女孩。He got married to a rich girl.7.need/want/require/worth注意：當 need，want，require，worth(形容詞)后面接doing也可以表示被動。Your hair wants cutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了。The floor requires washing. 地板需要沖洗。The book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀。【考點詮釋】考點一、一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時 1一般現(xiàn)在時 （1）考查表示按時間表將要發(fā)生的動作或事件 例1Look at the timetable. Hurry up!

47、 Flight 1026 _ off at 18: 20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken 【解析】飛機起非的時間是時間表上的安排，所以無論將來什么時候發(fā)生都用一般現(xiàn)在時，答案應是A。 （2）考查表示特征、能力或現(xiàn)時的情況或狀態(tài) 例2 This machine _. It hasnt worked for years. A. didnt work B. wasnt working C. doesnt work D. isnt working 例3 The house belongs to my aunt but she _ here

48、 any more.A. hasnt lived B. didnt live C. had lived D. doesnt live 【解析】句中的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時，故不住在這里也應該是現(xiàn)時的情況，答案應為D。 （3）考查表示普遍真理、事實 例4Months ago we sailed ten thousand miles across this open sea, which _ the Pacific, and we met no storms. A. was called B. is called C. had been called D. has been called 【解析】盡管我

49、們橫渡太平洋是幾個月前的事情，但是海洋的名稱是存在的事實，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時，答案是B。 2現(xiàn)在進行時 （1）考查表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作或發(fā)生的事 例5 I have to go to work by taxi because my car _ at the garage. A. will be repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. has been repaired 【解析】句中的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，所以現(xiàn)在汽車正在被修理，故答案選C。 例6Since I won the big prize, my telephone hasn

50、t stopped ringing. People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A. phone B. will phone C. were phoning D. are phoning （3）考查表示某個按最近的計劃或安排將要進行的動作、即將開始或結束的動作 常用的這類動詞有：go, come, leave, arrive, land, meet, move, return, start, stay, stop, give, change, fly, work等。 例7Ladies and gentlemen, please fas

51、ten your seat belt. The plane _. A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off 1一般過去時 主要考查表示過去某個特定時間或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作或情況 例8Its said that the early European playing-cards _ for entertainment and education. A. were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed 【解析】句中的th

52、e early說明以前歐洲撲克牌的設計是為了娛樂和教育，用一般過去時說明過去某個特定時間發(fā)生的動作或情況，答案是D。 例9My cousin went to Canada two years ago. He _ there for a few months and then went to America. A. worked B. would work C. would be working D. has been working 【解析】此題中的two years ago說明是發(fā)生在過去的事情，所以答案是A。 2過去進行時 （1）考查表示過去某一時刻或某階段正在發(fā)生的動作，強調(diào)未完成 例1

53、0Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. was doing D. had done （2）考查表示過去某一時間將要發(fā)生的動作 例11What were you doing when Tony phoned you? I had just finished my work and _ take a shower. A. had started B. started C. have started D. was starting 【解析】“我”

54、剛剛完成手頭的工作，將要去洗澡，所以答案是D。 一般過去時與過去進行時的區(qū)別如下： 一般過去時：完成性 過去進行時：未完成 考點三、現(xiàn)成完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時 1現(xiàn)成完成時 （1）考查表示所發(fā)生的動作或事情對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結果 例12Although medical science _ control over several dangerous diseases, what worries us is that some of them are returning. A. achieved B. has achieved C. will achieve D. had achieved 【

55、解析】盡管句中未出現(xiàn)時間狀語，我們從句意可以判斷出醫(yī)學已經(jīng)控制住了一些危險的疾病，所以答案是B。 （2）考查表示一個從過去某個時間開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作 例13My friend, who _ on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month. A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served 【解析】此題中的時間狀語all his life 說明我的朋友從過去到現(xiàn)在一直在奧委會工作，答案應是D。 例14My brother is an actor. He _ in several films so far. A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing 2現(xiàn)成完成進行時 主要考查表示一個從過去某時開