(完整)初中英語非謂語動詞講解

1、非謂語動詞之“動詞不定式”詳解非謂語動詞就是不充當(dāng)謂語的動詞，分兩種。一是動詞不定式。二是動詞ing形式。一、動詞不定式1)作主語To learn English well is not easy.或 It is not easy to learn English well.說明動詞不定式作主語時，往往用 it作形式主語，這種句型可歸納為下面的句型：e.g. It is + adj.+動詞不定式如果要說明不定式表示的動作執(zhí)行者，可以用 for+sb.e.g. It is + adj.+ for sb.to do sth.2)作表語(表語用來說明主語的身份、性質(zhì)、品性、特征和狀態(tài)的，表語常由名詞

2、、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞的-ing形式、不定式、從句來充當(dāng)，它常位于系動詞(be, become, appear, seem, look, sound, feel, get, smell 等詞)之后。)e.g. My wish is to become a teacher.3)作賓語或者賓語補足語e.g. Most of us like to watch football matches.e.g. He told me to be here on time.4) 作定語： e.g. I have nothing to say about that thing.5) 作狀語： e.g. H

3、e stopped to have a look.說明動詞不定式的否定形式：not + to +動詞原形構(gòu)成e.g. He asked me not to make such a mistake.2、動詞不定式與疑問詞連用：疑問詞who, what, which和疑問副詞 when, where, how, why等后面可以按動詞不定式，構(gòu)成動詞不定式短語。e.g. He doesnt know how to use the machine.(2) How to use the machine is a question.(3) The question is when to go there

4、.3、省去了 to的動詞不定式1) let, have, make+do2) 感官動詞 see, watch, look at, notice, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find +to 。注意：在被動語態(tài)中則to不能省掉。e.g. I saw him dance. =He was seen_to dance.e.g. The boss made them work the whole night.=They were made to_work the whole night.3) would rather , had better + do4、動詞不定式的

5、特殊句型：1) too to +to do ： e.g. He is too excited to speak.2) enough to do :e.g. The child is old enough to goto school.3) Why not +doe.g. Why not take a holiday?4) so as (not) to do: 表示目 的 e.g. Go in quietly so asnot to wake the baby.5、不定式的難點：1)用作介詞的“ to”：比如說 look forward to ; pay attention to; devote

6、 oneself tobe/get used to ,后面都是 +doing 的!2) It's for sb.和 It's of sb.的區(qū)別1二、動詞 ing形式：動詞ing形式分為兩種，一是動名詞，二是現(xiàn)在分詞1 .動詞的-ing形式用作動名詞：動名詞是動詞的一種非謂語形式，由動詞原形加 -ing構(gòu)成，它在句中起名詞的作用，可以在句子中用作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補語、狀語和定語。1）動名詞作主語：e.g. Walking is good exercise.走路是很好的運動2）動名詞作表語e.g. My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜歡的運動

7、是游泳。3）動名詞作賓語：e.g. Jim dislikes eating chocolate.吉姆不喜歡吃巧克力。e.g. She can' t help crying at a sad movie.她看了憂傷的電影禁不住要哭。說明有些動詞和動詞短語只能接動名詞。e.g.admit, finish, forgive, give up, mind, practise, be good at, do well in, can't help, keep on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, prefer to,。6）動名詞作定語：動

8、名詞可以單獨作定語，就像形容詞一樣。e.g. a smiling face 笑臉 swimming pool 游泳池 dining-car 餐車2 .動詞的-ing形式用作現(xiàn)在分詞：-ing分詞通常用作賓語補足語，表示動作正在發(fā)生或者正在進(jìn)行。這種用法通常用在下列動詞中：see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observee.g.1） There we found him watching TV.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他在那兒看電視。2） I heard someone knocking at the door. 我

9、聽見有人在敲門。3.動詞ing形式和動名詞之間的比較：下面這些動詞，后面接不定式或動名詞意思都是一樣的：begin to dobegin doingcontinue to docontinue doingstart to dostart doing卜面這些動詞，后面接不定式或動名詞意思是不一樣的:stop to dostop doingforget to doforget doingremember to doremember doingtry to dotry doinggo on to dogo on doingbe afraid to dobe afraid doing【專練】1. Do

10、n't forgetthe letter.A. to sendB. sendC. sending2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable toA. sitB. sit onC. be sat3. Isnecessary to return the book tomorrow?A. thisB. thatC. it4. I'm afraid they would not allow himhere.A. to smokeB. smokingC. smokes5. Mother told meth

11、e water before I drank it.D. being sent .D. be sat onD. whichD. smokeA. boilingB. boiledC. boil2D.to boil6. On my way home, I stopped _ some food.A. buyB. to buyC. buyingD. bought7. Li Yang advised metoo much, otherwise I would have been drunk.A. not to drinkB. to drinkC. not drinkingD. drinking8. H

12、e two million yuan a vase at the auction.A. spent, buyB. cost, buyingC. paid, buyD. spent, buying9. The first thing I want to do is .A. visit to himB. to visit himC. visiting himD. visited him10. John was made _the car for a week as a punishment.A. to washB. washingC. washD. to be washing11. is one

13、thing, is quite another.A. To say, to doB. Say, doC. Said, didD. To say, do12. I ll try _ the same mistakes again.A. to not makeB. not makeC. not to makeD. not making13. It s too hard _it by himself.A. not to doB. to doC. that I doD. doing14. It s time for sports. Let s bowling, shall we?A. goB.to g

14、oC. goingD. goes15. .MZhrou, you d better_ too much sugar. You are already overweight,A. not to eatB.to eatC. not eatD. eatsaid the doctor.7C. as to examineC. workingCleanedD. examiningD. workedD. To cleanD. It, givingD. buildingD. of havingD. let, take1 If you keep (fight) with him, you may hurt yo

15、urself.2 The students are busy (prepare) for the coming exam.3 His duty is (save) the sick people.4 I have nothing (send) you.5 They were made (work) ten hours a day.6 No one knows what (do) next.【提高題】I. 選擇題。1. The doctor cameour eyes.A. to examine B. for examining2. Our teacher always makes us hard

16、.A. to workB. work3. our classroom once a week is necessary.A. CleaningB. Clean4. is our duty good service to customersA. That, to giveB. This, givingC. It, to give5. It took yearsthe highrise.A. for our buildingB. for us in buildingC. to build6. Their wish is a house of their own.A. to haveB. for h

17、avingC. have7. The teacher agreed usthe test papers home.A. to let, takeB. to let, to takeC. letting, take8. When he saw I was in a hurry, he offered me his bicycle.A. lendingB. lentC. to lend9. I don't likepeople about their neighbours.A. hear, talkingB. to hear, talkingC. to hear, to talk10. I

18、 haven't decided A. to take which trainB. which to take a trainC. which train to takeD. which train taken11. You must rememberme a phone call as soon as you get there.A. givingB. to giveC. gave12. Professor Brown taught his students English, and he learnedthem.A. how to speak, speakingB. how to

19、speak, to speakC. how speaking, speakingD. how speak, to speak13. Sorry, I forgotyou that the party wouldn't be held tonight. That's all right. Mary has told me about it.A. tellingB. I toldC. told14. I wonderhim or not.A. if inviteB. whether to inviteC to invite15. I hopeyourself.A. you to m

20、anageB. for you to manageC. you managingD. that you can manage16. Would you like you the way there? It's kind of you. Thank you.A. me showingB. that I showC. me showD. in lendingD. hearing, talkedD. giveChinese fromD. to tellD. if to inviteD. me to show17. The old man said that he'd preferal

21、one in the country rather than live with his son in the city.A. livingB. to liveC. that he lives D. for him to live18. I know Alice very well. I have seen her up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow19. Since nobody told her, she came to our help.A. what she didB. to do whatC. what t

22、o doD. what she to doB. how a dress be made20. My aunt showed me A. how to make a dressC. how making a dressD. how a dress made21. After she finished the exercises in the textbook, she triedmore exercises.A. to find, to doB. finding, to do C. to find, she didD. finding, done22. The policeman told Sm

23、ith after drinking.A. to not driveB. not drivingC. not driveD. not to drive23. Tom kept quiet about his mistakelose his job.A. so not as toB. so as not toC. so as to notD. not so as to24. Pat should love little Jim to the theatre this evening.A. to takeB. takingC. that he would take25. We enjoy _ ve

24、ry much, because it is good for our health.D. ranA. runB. runningC. to run26. The light in the office is still on. Oh, I forgot .D. that I should turn it offD. that they would restD. if tellingD. me that he gotD. gave.A. turn it offB. to turn it off C. that I turned it off27. They were very tired an

25、d stoppedunder a big tree.A. restingB. to restC. rest28. Would you mind me the answer to the problem? Not at all.A. that you tell me B. tellingC. to tell29. He promiseda doctor for my son.A. me to getB. that he got me C. me getting30. Father told the boy the dog a few bones after dinner.A. that he g

26、aveB. to giveC. giving31. that money for his education, his parents worked hard even after their day's work.A. For gettingB. GetC. So as to getD. In order to get32. I think you aremeals yourself.A. enough old to cookB. old enough to cookC. old enough for cookingD. enough old cooking33. The maths

27、 problem isdifficult.A. so, as to work outB. very , to work outC. too, to work outD. quite, worked out34. Last night I was so tired that I fell asleep soon. I didn't hear him in.A. comingB. cameC. to comeD. come35. Have you anything importantus?A. to tellB. tellingC. told usD. you tell36. Do you

28、 know about Captain Ed Mitchell? 202 Yes. He was the sixth man on the moon.A. walkingB. walkedC. to walkD. of walking37. It is niceherso.A. for, to sayB. for, sayingC. of, to sayD. of, said38. Isn't it a nice way the hard problem?A. to solveB. in solvingC. solveD. solving39. You'd betterher

29、about her own health now.A. not to tellB. not tellC. to not tellD. to tell not40. What a coincidence! Dr. Brown happenedthe doctor I was looking for.D. to beingA. he wasB. beingC. to beII. 填空題。1. Factories do not let out dirty water（ 為了不污染河流）.2. Her job is . （照顧醫(yī)院里患病的孩子）3. In the supermarket the col

30、lege students learned. （ 如何為顧客服務(wù)）4. There were so many toys that Judy didn't know. （ 挑選哪一個）.5. The only trouble is. （ 如何保護這些電腦）6. He will save money .（ 為了支付將來的大學(xué)費用）7. The nurse. （ 不允許孩子們玩火柴）8. This medicine will.（ 幫你入睡）9. They will be sent（ 到非洲當(dāng)醫(yī)療隊員）.10. The boy asked his teacher.（讓他自己修理冰箱）11. T

31、he question is. （ 是否讓孩子們自己解決這個問題）.12. This telephone is. （ 足夠小可以放進(jìn)口袋）13. This book will tell you . （ 如何使這臺電腦儲存信息）14. I . （沒有回答試卷上的最后一個問題）15. It is not easy . （ 一個人戒煙）16. You can take a taxi there. （ 而不是步行去）17. The underground train is . （ 足夠快可在20 分鐘內(nèi)從我們學(xué)校行駛到體育場）.18. The lecture hall is . （太小容納不下500

32、個學(xué)生）19. Julia hurried to school. （ 沒有吃早餐）.20. I told the students. （不要將罐頭和飲料瓶扔進(jìn)河里）21. Thomas . （有許多問題要問老師）22. Do you know the saying “ .” （活到老學(xué)到老）23. Jack saw . （牛跑回來）24. Athens ran all the way（ 把好消息告訴他的人民）.25. He was the first man . （ 騎騎自行車做環(huán)球旅行）26. They enjoy. （ 爬山和野營）27. As soon as the teacher en

33、tered, he asked（我們停止講話 ）.28. （在一個半小時內(nèi)做完這份試卷） is almost impossible.29. We were happy. （ 看到他們回到營地）30. Would you mind . ？ （我在你辦公室打電話）9答案：I.1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B10. C 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. B 15. D 16. D 17. B 18. A19. C 20. A 21.A 22. D 23. B 24. A25. B 26. B 27. B 28. B 29. A 30. B 31. D32. B 33. C 34. D35. A 36. C37. C 38. A 39. B 40. CII.1. so as not to pollute the rivers2. to take care of the sick children in the hospital3. how to serve customers