完形填空_百度文庫

1、完形填空復習要點完形填空題是對學生英語語言知識與語言運用能力的一種測試。其考查的形式靈活,綜合性較強,要求考生能綜合運用所學的 知識在特定的語境中進行合理的推理判斷,并能準確地從四個備選項中選出正確答案,使補足后的短文結構完整,意義通暢。 一、 完形填空題的特點完形填空題能夠較為準確地檢查學生的各項知識水平和綜合運用語言知識的能力。這種題型的主要考查內容為:詞語辨析、 基本句型、 基礎語法; 固定搭配與習慣表達; 閱讀理解能力和邏輯推理能力。 近年來, 完形填空題更側重對語言應用能力、 閱讀理解能力的考查。完形填空題(cloze test又叫“克漏字”測驗。它有以下兩大特點和規(guī)律:第一,一篇完

2、形填空題是一個有機的整體。盡管看起來形式上有殘缺(若干個空 ,但它的內容、語言習慣,句與句之間的銜 接點,句子與段落之間的聯(lián)系,段落與段落之間的邏輯順序仍或隱或現(xiàn)地存在于篇章之中。因此,在做完形填空題時,通讀全 文、明了大意、理清觀點、分清層次是十分重要的一步?？忌忸}時必須自始至終依托語境,注意上下文之間、詞與詞之間, 從語法到意義的合理搭配。尤其要注意短文中承上啟下的過渡詞等,如 so, but, however, then, therefore, also等。第二,完形填空題選材廣泛。它涉及社會、政治、經濟;文化、教育、歷史、地理、科普知識、人物故事等。因此,考生做完 形填空題時,要快速

3、通覽全文,了解文章概貌與各段落的中心意思,把握文章主旨脈絡,掌握文章作者的意圖。在平時學習中,要注意從以下幾個方面訓練和提高。 捕捉信息點,弄清邏輯關系:完形填空題短文第一句話通常不設空, 這給學生提供了一個語境, 使學生能掌握短文的一些初始信息, 例如:文章的大概內容, 動作發(fā)生的基本時間,短文敘述的切入點等。這些基本信息給學生提供一個語境,使學生解題時能夠依境而行。但這只是解答 完形填空題的最基本的信息,考生還必須依據(jù)上下文提供的信息點(如時間、人物、地點、事件、背景等對文章的脈絡有針 對性地理解和判斷,弄清段落前后的邏輯關系,才能使短文內容沿著合乎邏輯的順序發(fā)展,才能使局部和全局關系一致

4、。 明確詞義辨析,考慮固定搭配:不熟悉詞語的用法和區(qū)別, 尤其是同義詞語的用法比較, 對固定搭配不熟練或記憶不準, 都會造成很大的閱讀障礙和錯誤選擇, 因而考生平時學習時要注重詞義辨析,牢固掌握固定搭配。只有這樣,考試時才能應付自如。 運用語法知識,具備各方面知識:在分析完形填空題所給選項時,僅考慮符合短文大意和固定搭配是不夠的。有些題中還須考慮語法結構是否正確,知識內容是 否正確等。有些答案不能直接從短文中找到,而是需要通讀全文,根據(jù)全文大意,考慮各方面的知識來選擇,這就要求考生在 學習中要廣泛涉及各科知識,做一個學習上的有心人。 檢查核對,確保無誤:選好所有答案后,還需要核對檢查。將所選答

5、案一一放在短文中的空白處閱讀,看看內容是否完整,語句是否通順,語法是否 有誤,是否符合邏輯。有些錯誤只能在通讀全文、考生站在整體的高度上才能發(fā)現(xiàn)。只有認真審核,才能提高答題的準確度。 二、 完形填空題的設空規(guī)律為了對完形填空題的各種類型有一個深入的了解,探索一下該題型的設空規(guī)律是有必要的。 上下文直接信息題:本類題的設置特點是,四個選項之間不存在詞義區(qū)別和用法比較?？忌鷳塾趯ι舷挛男畔⒌牟蹲胶蛯ι舷挛陌凳镜念I會。 如下列“考題 1 中的第 7、 8、 9小題。 詞、句、文三結合理解題:本類題的設置特點是:其中某一個或幾個選項代入空白處會使句意不通或嚴重違背上下句意義的銜接或直接與短文內容不

6、符, 考生在做這類題時要對各選項的詞義作準確的把握。如下列“考題 1 中的第 4、 5小題。 詞義辨析題:本類題的設置特點是,各選項代入空中后該句的語法都是正確的,但是句子出現(xiàn)了幾種不同的含義。在做這類題時,考生要認 真比較各詞之間的細微差別。如下列“考題 1 中的第 1、 11、 15小題。 語法知識和固定短語考查題:考生在解答本類題時要注意句子的語法結構要正確:如時態(tài)、語態(tài)等;對固定短語要注意其結構的完整性,如下列“考題 1 中的第 10小題。 行文邏輯和全文中心把握題:本類題的設空特點是:把各選項中的對象代入空格中可導致上下文之間出現(xiàn)因果關系、遞進關系、轉折關系、條件關系等。做 本類題時

7、,考生要注意全文的主線或脈絡,仔細分析上下文之間的邏輯關系,從而準確地選出正確答案。如下列“考題 1 中的 第 2、 13小題。三、 做題中的推測手段 根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系進行推測:注意上下文的邏輯聯(lián)系和文章的邏輯關系是做好完形填空題的關鍵,它要求考生在了解文章大意的基礎上,聯(lián)系上下文,運用思維邏輯進行比較、判斷,找出既符合詞義、句意,又符合上下文語境,合理的正確答案。 根據(jù)語篇標志進行推測:語篇一般是指比單一句子長的語言單位,如句群、段落、篇章等。語篇和語篇之間往往有標明其內在聯(lián)系的詞語,這些詞語稱 為“語篇標志” ,例如:表示結構層次的 firstly, secondly等,表示邏輯關系的

8、 therefore, so, but等,表示話題改變的 by the way等。在做完形填空題時,充分利用這些語篇標志可以迅速理清文章的脈絡,弄清上下文之間的關系。 根據(jù)文化背景知識進行推測:完形填空題考查的知識面較廣,從文化、科學常識,到歷史地理知識;從風俗民情到民族習慣等等,無所不考。考生在做這類 題時,要特別注意中西文化方面所存在的差異。具備了一定的文化背景知識,才能比較準確地判斷正確答案。 根據(jù)常識進行判斷:中學生已經掌握了較豐富的科學與生活常識,也具備了一定的判斷能力。在考查語言知識和技能的同時,考查這些簡單的常識 性的問題,也是對學生知識面的檢測。 根據(jù)語法知識進行推測:對于考查

9、語法知識的考題,不僅要理解上下文的邏輯關系,更要有針對性地對語法結構、句式特點進行分析,并根據(jù)其語法結 構和句式特點進行合理推測,從而迅速解決問題。 運用詞匯知識推測答案:完形填空題中對詞匯知識的考查, 主要集中在詞語的搭配和同義詞的辨析兩大方面。 要做好這類題目, 首先要有較大的詞匯量, 較強的詞語搭配能力,以及在語句中理解詞義的能力,做題時要結合上下文的語境,確定詞的意義。1.完形填空:閱讀下面短文,選出最佳答案:“ Ring ring the telephone suddenly rang. Sam got up to 1 the call. It was his aunt. Sam,

10、2 are you still at home? she asked surprisingly.Sam 1ooked at the clock. It was already 7:30 a. m.“ Oh, my goodness! Theres an important 3 today, Sam shouted out.He hurried to wash his face and get that he had not put away his books. He ran quickly to the and put them into the bag.He then went to th

11、e bus stop to go to school as as he could. When he got into the classroom, his classmates were writing.“ Why are you so 9 ? asked the teacher .“ Im sorry, sir, Sam answered, afraid of looking 10 . It was my clock. It 11 to wake me up this morning and . “ Don't say anything about it, his teacher

12、12 him. Dont try to come late next time!Sam said yes and walked to his quickly. But when he tried to do the paper, he could not in a right way. He put his head on the desk and said, What a day it has been for me!1. A. find B. give C. put D. answer2. A. why B. how C. when D. where3. A. talk B. party

13、C. exam D. meeting4. A. tired B. lost C. dressed D. rested5. A. forgot B. remembered C. understood D. thought6. A. classroom B. desk C. bus D. door7. A. carefully B. quietly C. early D. fast8. A. worried B. free C. busy D. careful9. A. 1ate B. ill C. lonely D. ready10. A. down B. up C. out D. back11

14、. A. happened B. stopped C. failed D. pointed12. A. helped B. knew C. followed D. stopped13. A. room B. table C. seat D. teacher14. A. think B. sit C. turn D. speak15. A. short B. bad C. happy D . usual分析 這是一篇關于一個學生考試遲到的事。短文一開始就是電話鈴聲, Sam 應該起來接電話,所以第 l 空中應選 D ,這四個 動詞中只有 answer 能表示 “接電話” 這個含義。 第 2空中要

15、選擇一個副詞, 句中已含有 still at home等狀語, 故不能選擇 when , where, how表示方式,如用在本句中則句意不通, 所以選 A 。第 3空,從后文知, Sam 是到學校去, 故應選 C 。對于學生來說, exam 是學生最可能要做的事,并且后文說到其他學生在 writing 。第 4空, get dressed意為“穿衣服” ,要注意這個短語的完整 性。第 5空,從前一句中的動詞 leave 以及后文中的一系列動作可知,本空中應填 remembered 才符合邏輯,其他詞不能使文 章通順。第 6空要注意分析備選項的意義;從后文 he had not put awa

16、y his books可知選 B 最合適,因書應該是放在課桌上。 第 7空中應填 fast ,因 Sam 要遲到了。第 8空中要注意在形容詞后接 writing ,故選 busy 。第 9空,從上文知, Sam 已經遲到了,故老師應問他遲到的原因,選 A 。第 10空表明 Sam 的態(tài)度,他害怕抬頭看老師,故選 up 。第 11空, Sam 所陳述的理 由是鬧鐘未響,故填 failed 。第 12空,從上文 Sam 的話沒說完知道這時老師打斷了他的話,故選 stopped 。第 13空, Sam 在 教室里走去的當然是 seat 。第 14空,本空說明 Sam 思維混亂,不能思考,選 A 。第

17、 15空,綜合上文可知 Sam 感到這一天太 糟糕,故選 B 。四、完形填空專項練習:(1A man and his wife had a dog to keep their house. When they went out, they always left the dog inside the house.They their car.the door was broken. The door was unlocked and . A robber! They went in and quickly looked in all the rooms to things the robber

18、 had taken. But everything was in and nothing at allThe dog the dog. Why didnt you keep the house? she said. 搖尾巴 and then it went to a corner of the room and picked up(尖叫 . Can you guess what the dogs present was?It was a mans(1 A. go B. to go C. going D. gone(2 A. so B. but C. then D. because(3 A.

19、gardens gate B. gardens gate C. gardens gate D. garden gate(4 A. got off B. got on C. got into D. went on(5 A. up B. down C. away D. into(6 A. at B. in C. on D. to(7 A. half-open B. half-opens C. half-opened D. half-opening(8 A. the B. all C. that D. what(9 A. right B. left C. wrong D. just(10 A. to

20、 miss B. to be missing C. was missed D. was missing(11 A. was slept B. felt asleep C. was sleeping D. fell sleeping(12 A. afraid of B. angry with C. worried about D. surprised at(13 A. sad B. pleased C. quick D. clever(14 A. pulled B. threw C. dropped D. took(15 A. finger B. fingers C. heart D. teet

21、h(2It was almost 9:00 p. m. when Mia Jameson left her office to go home. It was She started her car and she down the dark road that led to her house in the country. She the radio and sang songs while she was driving. The heater (暖氣機 wasnt working, and singing helped to keep herThe snow was heavy. Th

22、en Mia went across a small . The bridge was covered with ice and the car went out of control (失去控制 . Mia hit her head on the steering wheel and lost consciousness (知覺 .When she , her head was bleeding (流血 , and she was shaking from the cold. She didnt knowshe was. Mia opened the car door and looked

23、around. She was under the bridge, and her car was sitting on the river! She felt very her car for very long. She to walk up the hill several times, but she kept falling in the snow. Mia tried time. She fell again, but this time she couldnt get up. She knew that could see her car under the bridge. Sh

24、e was lying in the snow, and she couldnt die.Then she heard a voice. Mia opened her eyes. There was an old man standing over her. She stood up and walked up with the help of the old man. Thats my truck, said the old man. Get in and Ill take you home.(1 A. raining B. cool C. snowing D. late(2 A. ran

25、B . drove C. walked D. rode(3 A. turned on B. turned over C. turned off D. turned down(4 A. happy B. not alone C. warm D. not lonely(5 A. bridge B. village C. town D. farm(6 A. got up B. came back C. looked up D. woke up(7 A. how B. what C. why D. where(8 A. deep B. frozen C. wide D. cold(9 A. angry

26、 B. sad C. surprised D. afraid(10 A. keep B. pull C. take D. hold(11 A. tried B. wanted C. would like D. seemed(12 A. one B. one more C. other D. the other(13 A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one(14 A. feel B. hear C. move D. go(15 A. waited to B. had to C. was able to D. decided to(3I am sitt

27、ing in an empty football field after my last high school football game that finished a few hours ago. Im the mid-field player on my team. But in fact thats not game. Thats a good way to end a high school football career (生涯 , especially if you win, but even though you dont, its to leave at a high po

28、int.football, and he used to practise with me at home passing, catching, running. We used to practise almost every evening it got too dark. He tried to teach me everything he knew about the 專注 . Go out there and give 110 percent every time. Well, that was a long time ago, but I still hear his words

29、in my ears.I had a lot on my mind the game today. I dont like things to end, I guess, and this was the last game. I was talking to myself and warning myself about what to do and not to do. I didnt sleep at allI reached the point where just wanted it all to be over, finished, done. But then when the

30、game started, my mind became . I just lived in this game, this moment. I didnt hear the crowd, I didnt feel the cold or the pain, I never felt tired. I just kept my eyes on the me the way to the goal. It was a beautiful, empty feeling.Its all over now, and its really getting cold here. Its starting

31、to snow. The suns almost gone, and I canNow its dark and Im sitting here all alone. Well, I guess its time to say good-bye and move on.(1 A. true B. wrong C. strange D. clear(2 A. first B. last C. worst D. favourite(3 A. good B. bad C. lucky D. painful(4 A. needed B. hated C. missed D. loved(5 A. un

32、til B. when C. unless D. although(6 A. football B. game C. goal D. score(7 A. grow up B. catch up C. give up D. hurry up(8 A. ringing B. saying C. falling D. coming(9 A. from B. before C. through D. after(10 A. tonight B. yesterday C. today D. last night(11 A. we B. they C. I D. he(12 A. empty B. fu

33、ll C. rough D. awake(13 A. way B. field C. ball D. match(14 A. sending B. teaching C. pointing D. showing(15 A. already B. hardly C. never D. clearly(4My wife and I spent a few weeks in London last year. We went there in autumn. We think it is the season to visit in October. We stayed in a small in

34、the West End. We most of our sightseeing (觀光 on foot. We went to look at the places which all travelersWe wentplays at home. A lot of people say English is very bad. We didnt think so. It is that most of the restaurants are French, Italian or Chinese, but had some very meals. In fact, we our holiday

35、 so much that we have already decided to there again this year. We are going to take our umbrellas, Im sure well need them sometimes.1. A. busiest B. working C. best D. hottest2. A. and B. or C. as D. so3. A. players B. travellers C. places D. things4. A. station B. hotel C. office D. cinema5. A. mi

36、ssed B. showed C. used D. did6. A. live B. stay C. see D. work7. A. shopping B. fishing C. swimming D. climbing8. A. shops B. cinemas C. restaurants D. theatres9. A. well B. wonderful C. terrible D. sad10. A. language B. film C. clothes D. food11. A. impossible B. true C. important D. necessary12. A

37、. tasty B. poor C. fresh D. expensive13. A. spent B. enjoyed C. paid D. finished14. A. live B. eat C. go D. spend15. A. still B. though C. already D. yet(5Jenny was English. She was a good girl _1_ she was often late for school. One morning she was late again. Mr Black, her teacher, was angry with h

38、er when she came into the classroom."I'll write to your father _2_ you aren't here on time tomorrow," he told her. Jenny didn't want him _3_ that because her parents _4_ very strict with her. The next day she got up very early and went to school without breakfast. She hurried t

39、o school. Just before she _5_ the school gate, she stopped. She found a small bag _6_ on the ground. She _7_and she decided to give it to the headmaster. When she hurried into the classroom, Mr Black was already _8_ his lessons."Jenny White," he said as soon as he saw her,"I've to

40、ld you not to come late,but you're late again.""I'm sorry,sir," Jenny said."I was late because I found a small.""I won't listen to any excuse," Mr Black stopped her."Because you can't get here on time, I'll write to your father." Jenny

41、 could say no more. She sat down _9_. She couldn't keep _10_ her tears.As soon as the bell rang, the door opened. Mr Smith, the headmaster came in. He was holding a small bag in his hand. "Excuse me, Mr Black,"he said."Is this _11_?""Why,yes.It is mine, but I didn't

42、know I lost it." Mr Black was surprised. "Jenny White found it just before school started. She gave it to me and asked me to _12_ _13_ had lost it." Mr Smith said.Mr Black's face turned red. He looked _14_Jenny and said,"I'm sorry, Jenny. I take back _15_ I said."(6F

43、rom Monday to Friday most people are busy working or studying , but in the evenings and weekends they are free and _1_ themselves. Some watch television or go to the movies, others _2_ sports. This is decided by their own _3_. There are many different ways to spend our_4_ time.Almost everyone has so

44、me kind of _5_: it may be something from collecting stamps to _6_ model planes. Some hobbies are very_7_ , but others dont cost anything at all. Some collections(收藏 are worth _8_ of money, others are valuable (有價值的 only to their owners.I know a man who has a coin collection worth several _9_ dollars

45、. A short time ago he bought a rare(罕見的 fifty-cent piece which _10_ him $250! He was very happy abut this collection and thought the price was all right . On the other hand, my youngest brother collects match boxes. He has almost 600 of them, but I wonder _11_ they are worth any money .However, _12_

46、 my brother they are quite valuable._13_ makes him happier than to find a new match box for his collection.Thats what a hobby means, I think. It is something we _14_ to do in our free time just for the _15_ of it. The value in dollars is not important, but the pleasure it gives us is.1.A love B. wor

47、k C. enjoy D. play2.A. look like B. take care of C. think about D. take part in3.A. lives B. interests C. jobs D. things4.A. working B. free C. own D. whole5.A. hobby B. thing C. job D. way6.A. make B. making C. makes D. made7.A. interesting B. exciting C. cheap D. expensive8.A. a little B. a few C.

48、 a lot D. a number9.A. thousand B. thousands C. thousands of D. thousand of10.A. paid B. cost C. took D. spent11.A. that B. if C. what D. why12.A. to B. on C. with D. in13.A. Everything B. Anything C. Nothing D. Something14.A. have B. need C. refuse D. like15.A. money B. work C. fun D. Time(7I start

49、ed to love running at a young age. I loved to race my father and my sister around the backyard. I wished I could run in the Olympics and win lots of medals.One day my mother saw 1_ for a race in a newspaper. “ Would you be interested in 2_ part in this race ? ” she asked me, pointing to the advertis

50、ement.“ Yes, of course.” I answered.I 3_ the next few days practicing for my big race. My sister set up a table in the backyard so she could 4_ me water and time me.On the day of the race, just before the race , my 5_ said to me , “ Don t use up all your energy(at the beginning of the race. You need

51、 to have energy 6_ you can run much faster at the end. ”The race 7_ . Following Dad s words, I didn t run as fast as I could. Then the other runners started passing me, which made me feel 8_ . I began to feel tired, and I started slowing down and breathing 9 _ .Just at that moment I heard, “ 10_, Ke

52、lly! You can do it ! Don t give up . keep running!” Out of the comer of the corner of my eye I saw Dad running beside me around the outside or the track .I took a11_ breath( and tried my best to go on running. I didn t win the race. I came fifth, but I felt like a 12_. I had done my best, and I hadn

53、 t given up.Later, as I thought about the race, I felt thankful that my dad had 13_ left my side. He always encourages me when I 14_ giving up. He runs alongside me through my life. I ll 15_ my dad s words forever, “ Never give up. You can be a winner, even if you lose.”1.A. a story B. a report C. a

54、 piece of newsD. an advertisement2.A. choosing B. entering C. taking D. watching3.A. spent B. cost C. paid D. took4.A. buy B. carry C. fill D. offer5.A. teacher B. mum C. dad D. sister6. A. because B. so C. since D. but7. A. began B. finished C. reached D. stopped8. A. proud B. happy C. nervous D. h

55、opeful9. A. easier B. harder C. shorter D. longer10.A. Comedown B. Come on C. Come out D. Come back11. A. deep B. easy C. free D. lazy12 A. player B. winner C. soldier D. runner13. A. already B. yet C. once D. never14. A. look like B. stop C. feel like D. enjoy15. A. forget B. remember C. talk D. wr

56、ite(8A good dictionary is tool(工具 . It will tell only what a word means how it dictionary needs to be printed again about every ten years. Languages develop(發(fā)展changes.A new English dictionary will only tell most people use the language today. It wont tell you what is right wrong. It may tell you the

57、 right time to use a word. If only tell you this or not list(編列 it.dictionary will tell you many interesting facts. If you type(用打字機打 a word and the word is too long, 11 in to break(拆開Every dictionary, of course, tells you what a word means. But some words, like “ get ” or “ take ” , may have lots o

58、f meanings(意思 . In some dictionaries, the main(主要的 , the newest meanings are listed . Do you know that the word “ brand ” (標記 comes from an old word? This old word means “ to burn” years ago people burned their names on tables or boats to show who 19 them. They also burned their own names on their farm animals