初中英語語法英語從句總結(jié)

1、初中英語語法總結(jié)（從句）從句分為定語從句，狀語從句和名詞從句三大類。定語從為又分為限定性和非限定性從 句兩種，由關系代詞或關系副詞引導，修飾主句的某個成分。狀語從句分為時間、結(jié)果、 讓步、原因、條件及行為方式狀語從句。名詞從句包括主語、賓語、表語和同位語從句 及there be句型。主系表結(jié)構、主謂（賓）結(jié)構、there be結(jié)構是英語的三大基本句式，無論一個句子有多長、多復雜，它總是屬于這三大句式中的一種。學習基本句式，句子成分是一個關鍵的概念，它是指句子的組成單位，不同的句式由 不同的句子成分組成。如：主系表結(jié)構的成分有主語、系動詞、表語；主謂（賓）結(jié) 構的成分有主語、謂語、賓語；ther

2、e be結(jié)構的主要成分是主語。英語中的句子成分主要有：主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、補語、同位語，等等。這些句子成分可以由單詞、詞組或句子充當，當這些成分由句子充當時，我們就有了 相應的從句，如：充當主語成分的句子為主語從句，充當賓語成分的句子為賓語從句， 等等。英語從句三大類型按一般說法，可分為三大類14種從句。一，名詞性從句1 主語從句 Whether its right or not remains to be seen.2 賓語從句 I wonder whether its right or not.3 同位語從句 This is a question whether its righ

3、t or not.4 表語從句 The question is whether its right or not.二，定語從句1 限定性定語從句 She is the student who can speak English well.2 三卜限定性定語從句 She is the student, who can speak English well.三，狀語從句1 時間狀語從句 The fact will come out when he comes here.2 地點狀語從句 You can go wherever you like.3 原因狀語從句 Pay more attention

4、 to your lessons because you are a student.4 方式狀語從句 He walks as if he were a king.5 目的狀語從句 She went to Japan so that she could learn Japanese well.7條件狀語從句6 結(jié)果狀語從句 She went to Japan so that she learned Japanese well.I will understand it if he tells me.8 讓步狀語從句 He knows a lot though he is little.1 .定語

5、從句There are some old books in the box.The boy dressed in blue is from America.? 分清幾個概念：先行詞與關系代詞/關系副詞。先行詞是指定語從句所修飾的中心 詞；關系代詞主要有 who, whom, whose, which, that;關系副詞主要有 when,where, why。關系代詞和關系副詞有兩個作用，一是連接主句和從句的作用，二是 在定語從句中做成分。定語從句分為：限定性定語從句和非限定性定語從句，限定性定語從句如果去掉會影響句子意義的完整性，非限定性定語從句即使去掉也不會影響句子意義的完整性，如:Jul

6、y is the month when we have a lot of rain.There are many plays (that)I d like to see.The meeting was put off, which surprised us a lot.This note is left by Mary, who was here a moment ago.1. 非限定性定語從句、其作用為:對所修飾的成分作進一步的說明，它與主句用逗號隔開。此類從句省略后其余部分仍可成立。在非限定性定語從句中，which可代表前面的整個句子；代表人時只能用 who, whom而不能用that ;

7、 as也可用作關系代詞。例如：2. I.The telephone , as we know, was the invention of Alexander Graham Bell3. 2.Franklin D . Roosevelt , who died there on April 12, 1945.4. 3.Living in a damp (潮濕的) house for a long time is harmful to one s health , which is known to everyone .5限定性定語從句中that可代表人和事，而 which只代表事；二者在從句中作主

8、語或賓 語。that作賓語時?？墒÷裕瑆hich則不能，而且其后的“不及物動詞+介詞中的 介詞不能省略。which作賓語時，先行詞與 which之間的介詞不能省。例如：6. 1.The first doll that could say“mama was invented in 18307. 2.The second half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part , during whichhe sailed round the Cape Horn 合恩角.? 代表 all , anything , something , noth

9、ing , much等詞時，用 that 而不用 which,that作賓語可省略。例如：? 1.I care anything that has something to do with it.? 2.Youd better do something he prefers to do to please him? 3.That is the last time we met each other .? 4.I came across the woman you told me about yesterday .? who和whomH導的從句用來修飾人，分別作從句的主語和賓語。where是關系

10、副詞， 用于表示地點的定語從句，而 when用來表示時間。whose是關系代詞，修飾名詞 作定語。例如：? 1.Henry Ford is the person who is most responsible for developing the idea of mass production .? 2.The knee is the joint where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg .? 3.The next morning , when she came down to breakfast , Mary was

11、 beaming with the pleasure of a new , great discovery .? 4.The visiting professor is a famous scientist whose son studies in my department .? 注意幾點：that可替代who, whom （指人），也可替代which （指物）whose既可指人又可指物引導定語從句的關系代詞緊跟介詞做從句的賓語時，不用that,只用which/ 不能用which,只能用that的情況.幾個例子：Is she the girl that/who sells flowers?T

12、he train that/which has just left is for Xi，an.The people （who/that/whom） you were talking to were Russians.The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.I have never met the boy whose mothers a famous actress.My book is on the table whose legs are broken.He went to China in 1945, when the War World II was

13、over.Look, this is the house where the whter was born.The tool with which he is working is called a wrench（扳手）.2.狀語從句He swims fast.Nervous, he opened the letter.Legs broken, the soldier crawled back home.She used to stay up until midnight.Wlh a book in his hand, the teacher came in.? 狀語從句可分為：時間狀語從何（

14、主要由when, whenever, after , before , a5, since , once, until , while等連詞引導），結(jié)果狀語從句（由sothat和such that連接）， 讓步狀語從句（由 though , although , no matter , even if , however , whatever 等 詞引導），原因狀語從句（由as, because, since和for引導），條件狀語從句（由if , whether, as long as , provided that 等詞引導），地點狀語從句（由 where引導）， 行為方式狀語從句（由as

15、引導）。有時條件狀語從句中，主句不可以用將來時，而用一 股時代替。? 狀語從句中的“主語+be”可以省略，前提是：從句主語和主句主語一致，且從句謂語“be”省略后的結(jié)才勾為“連詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過去分詞介詞短語/形容詞/名詞短語。)例如：? 1.If necessary , I would like to see you in your office.? 2.Although seriously wounded , he never complained條件狀語從句：1) Lets go out for a walk unless you are too tired.(除非，若不； 相當于if-n

16、ot )即：If you are too tired,we ll not go out for a walk.2) You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.(只要，表示條件的唯一性)3) Take your umbrella in case it rains.(以防-, 以免-)4) I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.(條件是-)5) Supposing it rains, shall we continue the sp

17、orts meeting?(如果,假如)6) He wont be against us in the meeting provided/providing that we ask for hisadvice in advance.( 假如，除非以為條件 )7) You will be successful in the interview once you have confidence。旦就-)方式狀語從句方式狀語從句通常由as, (just) as so-, as if, as though弓 I導。1) as, (just) as弋。引導的方式狀語從句通常位于主句后，但在(just)a

18、sso結(jié)構中位于句首，這時 as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是正如，就像”,多用于正式文體，例如：Always do to the others as you would be done by.你希望人家怎樣待你，你就要怎樣待人。As water is to fish, so air is to man.我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。2) as if, as though兩者的意義和用法相同，引出的狀語從句謂語多用虛擬語氣，表示與事實相反，有 時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大。漢譯常作 ”仿佛 似的，好像似的，例如：1. They completely ignore the

19、se facts as if （as though） they never existed. 他們完全忽略了這些事實，就仿佛它不存在似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）2. He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting.他那樣子就像被雷擊了似的。（與事實相反，謂語用虛擬語氣。）3. It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.看來天氣很快就會好起來。（實現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語用陳述語氣。）說明：as if / as though也可以引導一個分詞短語、不定式短語或無動詞短語，例

20、如：He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.他目不轉(zhuǎn)睛地看著我，就像第一次看見我似的。He cleared his throat as if to say something.他清了清嗓子，像要說什么似的。比較狀語從句1） You seem to know music as well as you know astronomy（ 天文學）.（as-as 結(jié)構）2） There was no_garden so lovely as his in this city. （no so-as結(jié)構）3） Finally he has made as

21、much money as he wanted. （as +adj +n.+as結(jié)構）4） Your watch is not the same as his.（the same as 結(jié)構）5） I never met such a man as your younger brother.（such-as結(jié)構）6） She studies more diligently than her classmates.（more than結(jié)構）7） No other book has had a greater influence on my life.（否定詞和比較級連用表示最高級含義。）8） T

22、his teacher explained the problem more clearly than any other teacher. （ 比 較級與 “any other one ”連用表示最高級含義。）9） The more you read, the better will you write.（the morethe more結(jié)構）11）He earned no more than 800 dollars a month.他一個月只掙 800美元。（no +比較級+than結(jié)構）.3.名詞從句名詞從句包括主語從句、賓語從句，其中有介詞與形容詞的賓語從句、表語從句和同位語 從句。1

23、）主語從句He is a teacher.Learning English well could take you a lot of time.a.由what、wh-ever等代詞引導的主語從句，一般放在句首，不能用it做形式主語: What I want to know is his address.Whatever was said here must be kept secret.Whatever she did was right.Whoever comes will be welcome.b.由連詞that引導的主語從句，在大多數(shù)情況下，這個從句都放在句子后部，而用代 詞it作形式上

24、的主語：That I may not be able to come is possible. = It is possible that I may not be able to come.That we need more equipment is quite obvious. = It is obvious that we need more equipment.That he will refuse the offers unlikely. = It is unlikely that he will 三個固定句型（屬于此類）：It + 名稱 + that : It is a pity

25、that we can t go.It +形容詞 + that : It is clear that Tom has returned.It +過去分詞 + that : It is said/believed/reported/known that .refuse the offer.c.由連接代詞或連接副詞（或 whether）引導的主語從句，這個從句可以直接放在句首 作主語，也可放到句子后部去，前面用 it作形式主語：Which is the better choice is obvious. = It is obvious which is the better choice.Who

26、will go for the meeting has not been decided. = It has not beendecided who will go for the meeting.Where he lost his gold watch remained a mystery. = It remained a mystery where he lost his gold watch.Whenwe shall have our sports meet is still a question. = It is still a question whenwe shall have o

27、ur sports meet.Whether he will join us won t make much difference. = It won t make much difference whether he will join us.Why the 01d man went to the castle is still unknown. = It is stillunknown why the 01d man went to the castle.How he had managedto achieve so much at such a young age fascinated

28、manypeople. = It fascinated manypeople howhe had managedto achieve so much at such a young age.2）賓語從句He likes Chinese very much.I，m surprised at his young age.a.由that引導的賓語從句，一般做動詞的賓語，that可以省略thThe letter says (that) they are leaving on the 13.I don，t doubt (that) they will be able to overcome the di

29、ficulties.She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend that evening.b.由 what, who, which, how , where, when, whether (if)等引導的賓語從句，既可以做動詞的賓語，又可以做介詞的賓語I don，t know whether these figures are accurate.I，ll read whichever book you recommend.I，ll show you what I have put down in my note-bookHas she info

30、rmed you when they are to hold the meeting.She was never satisfied with what she had achieved.Whether that is a good solution depends on how you look at it.c.在某些句型中，特別是帶符合賓語的句子中，that引導的從句常常移到后部去, 前面用it做形式賓語We all thought it a pityjhat the conference should have been cancelled.I took it for granted t

31、hat they were not coming.d. 在“be+形容詞”這類結(jié)構后，that引導的從句，有些在概念上接近賓語，而在 結(jié)構上卻接近狀語I m afraid that I have made a mistake.We are sure that we shall success.We are fully confident that we can overcome the difficulties.I m not sure whether she would like the idea.一些表語性的形容詞，如：alarmed , amazed annoyed, astonishe

32、d , certain , confident , disappointed , glad , pleased , proud , sad , shocked , sure , surprised , worried , ect.做表語時，后面可跟由that , how等引導的賓語從句。例如：1.I was amazed how he could pass the exam without attending the lectures.2.He is confident that he will pass the Band 6 examination.3.She was surprised h

33、ow simple his problem is .4.We are all pleased that he will be able to pass the final examination.3）表語從句He is kind. / He is a teacher.The Smiths are from Australia.This is where our basic interest lies.My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.What I really what to know is how you have managed to remember 1000 words within an hour.表語從句對主語的內(nèi)容起解釋和闡述的作用:若表語從句用that引起，that起連接作用，不能省略。表語從句也可用連接詞 how, when, where, why, what引起。由beca