新課標(biāo)高中英語(yǔ)選修七Unit4Sharing-gr.

1、Unit 4Sh ringGrammar1. To learn the kinds of Attributive Clause.2. To learn the usage of who, whose; whom; which; that; how; when; why.3. Do some practiceFind some sentences in which Attributive Clause is used from reading I. 4 Pve included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk a

2、bout. 2 The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of windows. 3 Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 4. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village

3、which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe5.When we arrived at the village, Tombed mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in the garden, started crying uleee, leeen定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫做 定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行 詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有： which，that，who, whom，whose. 引導(dǎo)英語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞有；where, when，how，why。 先行詞 是物先行詞 是人定語(yǔ)B

4、時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ)因語(yǔ) 原狀主賓主賓關(guān)系 代詞whichthatJ、JJwhoJwhom*Jwhose關(guān)系 副詞wherejwhenwhy注：介詞提前時(shí)一般只用which和whom。2. whose+名詞=the+名詞+of which/ of whom定語(yǔ)從旬分類The Restrictive Attributive ClauseJ定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限定性定語(yǔ)從句與非限定性定語(yǔ)從句非限定性定語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)主句先行詞的補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明,沒(méi)有這種從句不影響主 句意思完整一般用逗號(hào)限定性定語(yǔ)從句是句 中不可缺少的組成部

5、分，主句和從句之間 不用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)把主句和從句分開(kāi)引導(dǎo)詞：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副 詞，作賓諸時(shí)一些 關(guān)系代詞可以省略引導(dǎo)詞：who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where 等，不用gat,不能省 略關(guān)系詞的用法:In作主語(yǔ)用who, which和that,如:He is the man who/that lives nextdoor.The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen.2、作賓語(yǔ)用 whom, who, which, that,如：The man (whom/who/that) we hav

6、e just seen is a famous writer;Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week?注：在非正式文體中,用于指人的who，whom, that和用于指物的which和that通?？梢允÷?；但在介詞提前時(shí),或在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞即使作賓語(yǔ)也不可省3、作定語(yǔ)用whose,如：(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week.(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.注：

7、whose七名詞中心詞"這一結(jié)構(gòu)在定 語(yǔ)從句中既能作主語(yǔ)（如上a句），又能作 賓語(yǔ)（如上b句）。whose的先行詞常用來(lái) 指人，但有時(shí)也可以用來(lái)指具體事物或抽象 概念，這時(shí)可以與"which結(jié)構(gòu)互換，詞序 是："名詞七of which",如：They came to a house whose back waU had broken down. (= the back wall of which)He9s written a book the name of whichve completely forgotten(=whose name)4.作表語(yǔ)只用

8、that,它既可以 指人，也可以指物，但時(shí)常省略。He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.難點(diǎn):as引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句，指代被the same, such, as, so等修飾的名詞Don% talk about such things as you don9t understand We9re facing the same problems as we did years ago.It is as pleasant a film as

9、I have ever seen.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.比較：Here is so big a stone h lift it.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句)no one can宜用that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1）序數(shù)詞或最高級(jí)形容詞修飾先行詞時(shí)，要用 thatoThe first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.2）all. everything, nothing, something, anything等不定代詞作先行詞時(shí)用that。Ever

10、ything that we saw in the factory greatly interested us.3）人和物合作先行詞時(shí)，要用thatoWe were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.4）先行詞前有the only, the very, the right,the same尊修飾時(shí)，要用thatoIt is the very skirt that suits me well.5) 在疑問(wèn)詞who、which> what開(kāi)頭的句子 申，要用thatcWhoever th

11、at is content with a littleprogress can't make big achievements.6) 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)只用that。He is no longer the man that he used to be.This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.(2)宜用which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1) 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的介詞提前時(shí)，要用whicho The house in which they lived last year has been rebuilt.2) 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

12、時(shí)，要用whicho He bought a railway ticket for the woman, which helped her a lot.(3)宜用as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1)先行詞與such, the same連用或先行詞本 身就是the same, such時(shí)，要用as。Such people as you describe are rare nowadays Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?2）代替整個(gè)句子，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，而從 句位于句首時(shí)，要用as。As is well known, the earth goes ar

13、oMdthe sun.3宜用who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 當(dāng)先行詞是人稱代詞或是those, anyone等時(shí)，常用who。He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth（二）關(guān)系®I詢的用法：1、when指時(shí)間，在從句中作時(shí)間狀 語(yǔ)，它的先行詞通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：I still remember th

14、e time when I first became a college student.Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?注：wlwn時(shí)常可以省略，特別是 在某些句型和某些時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)中。例 如：Each time he camey he did his best to help us.But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.2、where指地點(diǎn)，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。 它的先行詞通常有:place, spot, street, house, room, city, town

15、, country等，女口:This is the hotel where they are stayingI forget the house where the Smiths lived.注:where有時(shí)也可以省略。如:This is the place (where) we met yesterday 3、why指原因或理由，它的先行詞只有reason。That is the reason why he isleaving so soon.注：why時(shí)常也可以省略。如:That is the real reason he did it.使用關(guān)系副詢應(yīng)注意下列幾點(diǎn):1、這三個(gè)關(guān)系副詞在意

16、義上都相當(dāng) 于一定的介詞+which結(jié)構(gòu)：when = on (in, at, during.) + which;where = in (at, on.) + which; why = for which.女口:eg I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrivedThe office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor.This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it.2、當(dāng)先行詞是表時(shí)間的time, day等和表

17、地點(diǎn)的place, house等時(shí)，一定要注意分 析從句的結(jié)構(gòu)，如果缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí), 關(guān)系詞應(yīng)該用whichthaty缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，才能用以勁或where,試 比較：Uli never forget the day when my hometown was liberatedUli never forget the days which/that we spent together last summenHis father works in a factory where radio parts are made.His father works in a factory w

18、hich/that makes radio parts*溫馨提不:when和where既可 以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,也可以引導(dǎo) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。而why只 能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句。1.IT1 never forget the clnv§wh£n /in which we workdl together.及物動(dòng)詞2.F11 never forget the days which we spent together3I went to the place where/ in which I worked ten years ago.4I went to the place whi

19、chyears ago.S.This is the reason why/ for which he was late.6This is the reason thM/which he gave.及物動(dòng)詞1.根據(jù)先行詞來(lái)確定This is the pot in which I boiled the milk(boil milk in the pot)Yesterday we had a meeting, at which we discussed many problems(discuss problems at the meeting)1979 was the year in which m

20、y son was born.(my son was born in the year)This is the place in which I grew up.(grow up in the place)That9s the reason /br which he dislikes me.(dislike me for the reason)2. 根據(jù)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或形容詞來(lái)確定The person to whom I complained is the manager. (complained to the person)The dog, of which he used to be a

21、fraid, is her favorite animal now.(be afraid of the dog)3. 根據(jù)從句所表達(dá)的意思來(lái)確定Water; without which man can5t live, is really important.4當(dāng)介詞和從句中的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成固定詞組時(shí)，介 詞不能前置The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.1. 介詞 + which / whose + n. I often get up at six, at which time it is still very da

22、rk in winter. He is the man from whose house the pictures were stolen2名詞 + of + which / whomThis is the lady the son of whom is afamous writer. (= whose son)(2)These people, the majority of whom are farmers, disagreed with the plan. The cake, half of which was eaten, was bought for Lilyas birthday.3

23、.代詞+ of + which / whom用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中表示數(shù)量。這些代詞包括:many, much.some, a few, most, all, both, none, either, neither®The old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors. There are a lot of books, none of which is mine The two players, neither of whom reached the final, played well. The money, all of whic

24、h has been given to the Hope project, was collected in the performanceThe foreigners, most of whom have been to China for the first time, come from different countries.4. 數(shù)詞 + of + which / whom I bought some books from the bookstore, five of which were English novels In our factory there are 800 wor

25、kers, 40 percent of whom are women.5. 形容詞最高級(jí)+of + which / whom There are many islands in China, the largest of which is Taiwan She has six children, the cleverest of whom is John.幾點(diǎn)注意事項(xiàng)1. the way表示方式時(shí)，其后的定 語(yǔ)從句有以下幾種情況Can you tell me the way (that)you solve the problem.Can you tell me the way in which

26、you solve the problem.2. 定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一致He is one of the students who have been abroad.He is the only one of the students who has been abroad.3先行詞是時(shí)間時(shí)，并非都用when引導(dǎo)的從句來(lái)修飾。試比較：Do you still remember the days when there was no electricity?Do you still remember the days (which / that) we spent together

27、?4.先行詞是地點(diǎn)時(shí)，并非都用where引導(dǎo)的從句來(lái)修飾。試比較：The place where Lu Xun once worked has become a museum.The place (which / that) I visited last week is in Hong Kong.5.先行詞是the reason時(shí),并非都用why引導(dǎo)的從句來(lái)修飾。啟比較：Thats the reason why he was late.Thats the reason (which) he gave me.練一練Complete the sentences with your own word

28、s. 1.1 made the jar in which a golden fish was put. 2. Painting is an activity thatalmost children like to do3 The interpreter to whom youwill turn for htlp is on holiday.4. The man who is shaking hands with him is a doctor.5. The woman whose daughterwent abroad last year is over there6. The school

29、where youspent childhood _has been improved.7. Anne is doing some research on the time when the fimw.伽 lunch come for.&The reason why he coul(bi't come to yoiiF party was that he was watching an interview of the first Chinese astronaut on TV.Answer the following questions using attributive c

30、lauses with the pronouns in the brackets. Compare your answers with your partner The first one is done for you. 1. What kind of friend would you like to have (whom)Pd like to have a friend whom I can trust. 2. What kind of place would you like to go to for a holiday? (where)Pd like to go to Dalian w

31、here there is nice beach 3. What story do you enjoy most? (which/ that)I enjoy Jo，s story most which / that we have learned in the text.4. which musical instrument would you like to learn to play? (which / that)Pd like to learn to play the piano which my father left me. 5 Why didrft you finish your homework? (why)The reason why I didn 1 finish my homework was that I was ill. 6 what kind of person is she married to ?(to whom)A rich man to whom she is married to will come soon. 7. What sport do you participate in most o