現(xiàn)在完成時講解與習(xí)題

1、現(xiàn)在完成時講解一、基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +have/has+過去分詞（done）肯定句：主語+have/has+過去分詞+其他例：They have lived here for a long time.否定句：主語 +have/has+not+過去分詞+其他例：She hasn't spoken to him.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+過去分詞+其他例：Have you seen Matthew?特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞+其他）二、用法1）現(xiàn)在完成時的“完成用法”現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示現(xiàn)在之前已發(fā)生過或完成的動作或狀態(tài)，但其結(jié)果卻和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)

2、系，也就是說，動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在.例：He has turned off the light.他已把燈關(guān)了。（動作結(jié)束于過去，但說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況-燈現(xiàn)在不亮了。）I have spent all of my money.（含義是：現(xiàn)在我沒有錢花了 .）2）現(xiàn)在完成時的”未完成用法"指的是動作開始于過去某一時刻，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去。這里的動詞要用持續(xù)性動詞。常與 for （+時間段）,since （+時間點）連用.例： Mary has been ill for three days.Mary has been ill since three d

3、ays ago.一、/»汪后：1 .現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與準(zhǔn)確時間連用，（如表示過去的時間狀語）如yesterday（morning 、 afternoon）,last（morning 、 afternoon） 等，除斗£與 for, since 連用.2 .現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用，如already （肯定），yet （否定，疑問），just, before,recently, still, lately等：例： He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him re

4、cently （lately）.We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3 .現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用，如ever, never, twice, several times等：例： Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met tha

5、t gentleman several times.4 .現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用，如up to these few days/weeks/months/years,just, up to present（now）, so far等：例：Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.5 .現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復(fù)發(fā)生的動作We have had four texts this semester.6 . have

6、 been to 和 have gone to 的區(qū)另U ：have been to 強調(diào)"去過”，現(xiàn)已不在那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美國去過三次。（過去“到美國"，現(xiàn)在已"不在美國”）have gone to 主要強調(diào)的是“去了”，現(xiàn)在人不在說話的現(xiàn)場，如:-Where's your mother?-你媽媽在哪？-She has gone to the hospital.-她去醫(yī)院了。has been in一直在某地三、現(xiàn)在完成時考點例析一、考查其構(gòu)成"助動詞have （has） + 動

7、詞過去分詞"構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時。如：1. Kate's never seen Chinese films , ?A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she析：陳述句部分含否定詞never,簡略問句部分要用肯定式，又因 Kate's是Kate has的縮寫，故選 B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him.（改為否定句 ）His uncle posted the photos to him.析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑問

8、句中，故填 hasn't, yet 。3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So her parents.A. has B. had C. did D. have析："so+助/系/情態(tài)動詞+主語”結(jié)構(gòu)中的動詞形式應(yīng)與前句結(jié)構(gòu)中動詞形式保持一致，又后句的主語為her parents是復(fù)數(shù)，故選Do二、考查其用法與標(biāo)志詞（一）當(dāng)句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等時，常用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?-you your homework

9、 yet?A. Do; finishB. Are; finishingC. Did; finishD. Have; finished2. -you anywhere before?-Yes, but I can't remember where IA. Did; surf; surfedB. Have; surfed; surfed C. Did; surf; have surfedD.Have; surfed; have surfed析：據(jù)yet和before可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時，故 1題選D, 2題選D。（二）當(dāng)句中有"for +段時間"或"since

10、 +點時間”等時，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞，若是非延續(xù)性動詞，要改為延續(xù)T動詞或表狀態(tài)的詞（短語）。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice he came to Yunnan.A. after B. beforeC. sinceD. for析：主句用的是現(xiàn)在完成時，而從句用的是一般過去時，故選Co2. Tom the CD player for two weeks.A. has lentB. has borrowedC. has boughtD. has had析：A、B、C均為非延續(xù)性動詞，在肯定句中不與表"

11、;段時間”的短語連用，故選D=3. I a letter from him since he left.A. didn't receiveB. haven't gotC. didn't haveD. haven't heard析：據(jù) since 可知，應(yīng)排除 A、C, "hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意為"收到某人的來信”,故選Bo三、考查 have/has been (to, in)/have/has gone (to)的區(qū)另1J。如：1. -Have you e

12、ver Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have.A. went toB. gone toC. been inD. been to析：據(jù)句中的have,排除A, B項意為"去某地了 "，C項意為"一直呆在某地"，D項意為"去過某地"，符合題意, 故選D。2. My parents Shangdong for ten years.A. have been inB. have been toC. have gone toD. have been析：本題句中有"for

13、+段時間”結(jié)構(gòu)，據(jù)此可排除 C, B項意為"去過某地"，不合題意，D項缺介詞，故選 A。四、考查現(xiàn)在完成時與其他時態(tài)的聯(lián)系和區(qū)別。如：1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.（改成正確的句子 ）析：非延續(xù)性動詞與"段時間"連用時，除了把非延續(xù)性動詞改成延續(xù)性動詞外，還可把動詞改為一般過去時或借助句型"It's + 段時間+since+從句"進(jìn)行句子轉(zhuǎn)換。故答案為： Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. /Sun's

14、 aunt went there ten years ago. /It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.（改為同義句 ）more than ten years Susan to this city.析：據(jù)上題分析，且 since引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過去時，故填 It is, since, came 。3. I won't go to the concert because I my ticket.A. lost B.

15、 don't loseC. have lostD. is coming析：因我丟了票的動作發(fā)生在過去，而且對現(xiàn)在造成了我不能參加音樂會的結(jié)果，符合現(xiàn)在完成時所表示的含意，故選C。五、英語的行為動詞有持續(xù)性動詞和瞬間性動詞之分，使用中應(yīng)注意兩者的區(qū)別。一、持續(xù)性動詞：表示一個動作可以持續(xù)一段時間或更長時間。常見的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit,stand, lie, keep 等。二、瞬間性動詞：表示一個動作發(fā)生在一瞬間，非常短暫。亦

16、稱終止性動詞。常見的-begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop,open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, puton, get on/off 等瞬間性動詞在完成時中如要與表示持續(xù)一段時間的狀語連用，通常有兩種方法：（1）用意思相當(dāng)?shù)某掷m(xù)性動詞來替換He has been in the army/

17、a soldier for three years.（他參軍已有 3 年了。） 不用 has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。） 不用 has got upHas your brother been away from home for a long time?（離家已有好久了 嗎？）不用 has left常用瞬間動詞相應(yīng)持續(xù)性動詞關(guān)系：1、gobe away 2、come be here 3、come back be back 4、leave be away （be not here ）5、buy have 6、borr

18、ow keep 7、diebe dead 8、beginbe on9、finish be over 10、openbe open 11、closebe closed 12、losebe lost13、get to know know 14、turn on be on 15、get upbe up 16、sit down sit/beseated17、join be in （）或 be a - member18、become be（2）用it issince結(jié)構(gòu)來替換瞬間動詞例1:電影已經(jīng)開映 5分鐘了。（兩種方法） The film has been on for five minutes.I

19、t ' s five minutes since the film began.例2:他離開上海已有 3天了。（兩種方法） He has been away from Shanghai for three days. It is three days since he left Shanghai.這本書我還給圖書館已有兩周了。（一種方法）例 3: It ' s two weeks since I returned the book to the library. 他找到他妹妹已有多久了？（一種方法）How long is it since be found his sister

20、?例4:瞬間動詞的否定形式可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用I haven ' t seen you for a long time.（好久沒見至U你了。）練習(xí)題一、單項選擇1. Li Hong has the army for 2 years.A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in2. We have been friends since.A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before3. Mike the story for a month.A. has bou

21、ght B. has had C. had had D. has borrowed4. You that question three times.A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked already5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou.A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago6. I at this school for two years.A. am stu

22、dying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They in the city since last summer.A. live B. didn ' t live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou 1992.A. since B. from C. after D. in9. Mr. Black China since the summer of 1998.A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to1

23、0. His father for years.A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. diest go,sees11. Mary to see the films because she it twice.A. won' t go, saw B.won' t go, will seeC. won' t go, has seen D. didn12. - Would you like some more food?-Thank you. I enough.A. will have B. have had C. have D. ha

24、d13. -you England?-Yes, it a beautiful country.A. Will, gone to, was B. Have , been to, is C. Had, been to, is D. Have, gone to, is14. -you to Beijing?No, I.I there early next month.A. Have, been, haven ' t, am going B. Had, been, hadn ' t, am goingC. Have, gone, haven ' t, was going D.

25、Did, go, didn ' t, was going15. -You sister to London to study English. Is that true?-Yes , she there for two months.A. has been, has been B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be D. has gone, has been16. He has a computer of his own. He it two days agoA. buy B. bought C. buys D. has bought17. Wher

26、e is Li Lei? He Shanghai.A. has gone to B. has been to C. went to D. goes to18. He his homework and is now listening to music.A. finishes B. has finished C. finish D. is finishing19. David Shanghai for more than three months.A. came to B. has been to C. has been in D. has come to20. - Is your father

27、 a Party member?-Yes, he the party three years ago. He a Party member for three years.A. joined; has been B. has joined; has been C. was joined; is D. joined; was21. -What a nice bike! How long you it?-Just five weeks.A. will; buy B. did; buy C. are; having D. have; had22. I this book for a week .I

28、have to return it now.A. borrowed B. have borrowed C. kept D. have kept23. -your sister in Green China for a long time?-Yes. She joined it five years ago.A. Has; been B. Have; been C. Has; joined D. Have; joined 24. -How long have you from the USA?-For three months.A. come back B. returned C. go bac

29、k D. been back 25. I this book for half a year.A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. had26. The students are sorry to hear that famous singer for a year.A. has left B. has gone C. has been away D. has gone away27. -you your homework yet?-Yes, I it just now.A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finis

30、hed C. Have; done; have finished D. Will; do; finish 28. The sand storm weather in Beijing several times this year.A. happen B. happened C. has happened D. have happened29. -How long have you been here?-last month.A. For B. Until C. Before D. Since30. He a cold for three days.A. has caught B. has ha

31、d C. has got D. caught31. Jim Green in China for two years.A. has come B. has been C. has arrived D. came32. The film for half an hour.A. has been on B. has begunC. hasn ' t begun D. began33. Where have you these days ? I have to Beijing with my friends.A. been ; gone B. been ; been C. gone ; be

32、en D. gone ; gone34. How long have you this book?A. bought B . borrowed C . hadD. lent35. We have lived here five years ago.A. when B . since C . before D . after36. I have watched the game .did ; watch Dwill ; watchhaven't visited Dhadn't visited-When you it ?A. have; watched B .do; watch C37. How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black ? Oh, I such a beautiful cityA. don't visit B. didn't visit C38. Miss Brown to the Great Wall twice .he came to YunnanA. have been B . has been C . have gone D . has gone39. His brother has been to Stone Forest twiceA. after B . before C . since D .