必修五第五單元導(dǎo)學(xué)案

1、1.First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.【help sb to do sth; help sb with sth】【aidaidedaidedaiding-aids】ones = my; your; her; his; its; our; your; theirfirst aid 急救with the aid of sb.with sb.s aid在某人的幫助下without sb.s

2、aid/help 沒(méi)有某人的幫助aid sb. in(doing) sth. 在某方面幫助某人aid sb. with sth. 幫助某人某事(1)She is always _ the student _ money.(2)He was breathing only with the _ of a ventilator.(3)They _solving the problem.2.Often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly can sav

3、e lives. injure injured injured injuring injures injury -injuries the injured傷員do sb. an injury/do an injury to sb. 傷害某人(1)Several train passengers received serious_ in the crash.(2)The attack was a severe _ to his reputation.(3)The moment the terrible accident happened，ambulances rushed_to the hosp

4、ital.易混辨析 injure/hurt/harm/wound(1)injure意為“傷害，損害”，一般指由于意外或事故而造成傷害，(2)hurt意為“疼痛，受傷”，也可以指精神上的傷害，常有強(qiáng)烈的疼痛感。(3)harm意為“傷害”，多指無(wú)形的傷害(4)wound意為“受傷，傷口”，通常指武器的傷害，如刀、槍等的傷害，尤其是指戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的傷害。3.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or severe petrol fires.(1)Can you use the _ iron? 你會(huì)用電熨斗嗎？(

5、2)Could you please plug in the _ kettle，please? 易混辨析 electric/electrical/electronic(1)electric用于以下兩種情況：一是指可發(fā)電的東西；二是指靠電力工作的東西，如an electric station發(fā)電站；an electric fan電風(fēng)扇。(2)electrical電氣的，與電有關(guān)的。指與電相關(guān)的物品或人員，如an electrical engineer電氣工程師。(3)electronic表示“電子的”。如electronic products電子產(chǎn)品(1)He usually operates

6、those _ equipment.(2)Please connect the two _ wires.(3)All the _ work was done by my younger brother.(4)An _ shock occurs when a person comes into contact with an electrical energy source.(5)This dictionary is available in _ version版本.4.If the injuries are second or third degree burns，it is vital to

7、 get the victim to the doctor or hospital at once.vital adj.至關(guān)重要的；生死攸關(guān)的= importantbe vital to/for.對(duì)是至關(guān)重要的It is vital to do.做很重要It is vital that.sb should do sth; sth should be done(1)This matter is of _importance to us. (2)They have made some _ decisions about their future.(3)Consideration for other

8、 people is vital_ all of us.(1)It is absolutely vital that the Chinese government _【take】 effective measures to prevent the Japanese government from purchasing Diaoyu Island.5.First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found.f

9、allfellfallenfalling-fallsfall ill生病fall behind落后fall asleep睡著fall down摔倒；倒塌；失敗fall in love with.愛(ài)上(1)He suddenly_ ill. (2)It is rather tough on him _ ill just as hes about to go on holiday.他正要去度假時(shí)卻生病了，真倒霉。易混辨析 fall ill強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的開始/be ill強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)We are easier to _ under pressure.My father used to be in go

10、od health, but he _ suddenly last week.He has _ for a week.(2)How can I believe! This is the third time that he has_ in a month.(3)If it were not for the reason that he has_，we would be having the party now.6.You can get burned by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation (by being cl

11、ose to high heat or fire, etc), the sun, electricity or chemicals.a variety of varieties of various = all kinds of各種各樣的vary v.相異，不同；變化varyvariedvariedvarying-variesvary from.to.從到不等；在到之間變動(dòng)(1)We all need_ in our diet. (2)There are _ flowers in the garden. (3) _ reasons were offered for the failure. (

12、4)Everyone _ late at the party for _ reasons.(5)Opinions on this matter_ from person to person.7.For second degree burns, keep cloths cool by putting them back in a basin of cold water, squeezing them out and placing them on the burned area over and over again for about an hour until the pain is not

13、 so bad. squeeze squeezed squeezed squeezing -squeezes squeeze out 榨出；擠出squeeze sth. out of/from.把從榨/擠出來(lái)；向勒索/榨取squeeze in擠進(jìn)(1)You should _some time to visit your old friends.(2)This machine helps you to squeeze more juice _ the orange.(1)No sooner had the reporters heard the notice than they all _ t

14、he hall.(2)That guy is capable of_ money out of/from his old mother.8.Sam knocked over a kettle full of boiling water onto his legs. knock ; knocked; knocked; knocking; knocksknock over打翻；撞倒；撞翻knock at/on敲(門、窗等)knock into與相撞；偶然碰到(某人)knock down撞倒；拆除(1)The boy hurried to the door to greet his mother a

15、nd_a chair over.(2)He was_ by a drunk driver.(1)Hearing the bad news that her mother was _, the poor girl burst out crying.(2)It was John_ knocked over the bottle.9.First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. get gotgotg

16、etting- gets “get過(guò)去分詞”有兩種情況：一是get代替be，實(shí)際上是一種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，表示某一事件的發(fā)生，著重強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；二是get作始動(dòng)性連系動(dòng)詞，與多數(shù)形容詞化了的過(guò)去分詞連用，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，并非真正的被動(dòng)，表示動(dòng)作的結(jié)果。get caught in the rain被雨淋get changed換衣服 get drunk喝醉get hurt受傷 get killed喪命get lost迷路 get married結(jié)婚get paid付給酬金 get stuck in the mud陷到泥里get tired累了(1)Some glasses_breakwhen we were m

17、oving.(2)Did you _inviteto the party? 你被邀請(qǐng)參加聚會(huì)了嗎？(3)Theyve just _marry.他們剛結(jié)婚。(1)Im heavily in debt at the moment, but hope to be out of debt once I _ pay.(2)The little girl _interest in music.1.The functions of your skin are also very complex：it keeps you warm or cool；it prevents your body from losi

18、ng too much water；it is where you feel cold，heat or pain and it gives you your sense of touch.句中keep you warm or cool是“keep賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)。keep vt.意為“使人或物保持在某一狀態(tài))”?！緆eep- kept- kept- keeping- keeps】keep賓語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)(adj./adv./n./v.ing/v.ed/prep.phrase)(1)Please_ the room clean.(2)The doctor_ him in for several days

19、.(3)Some actors_ their marriages a secret.(4)Please_ us informed of the demands of the market.(5)Her illness_ her in bed for a week.2.So as you can imagine，if your skin gets burnt it can be very serious.(1)as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首、句中、句末，常常譯成“正如”，用在句中可用which代替。(2)as是關(guān)系代詞，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。(1)He is from

20、the Northeast，_ we can see from his accent._ we can see from his accent，he is from the Northeast.(2) Shakespeare is a famous writer, _ everybody knows.= _ everybody knows, Shakespeare is a famous writer.3.Remove clothing using scissors if necessary unless it is stuck to the burn.(1)if necessaryif it

21、 is necessary如果需要的話,類似表達(dá)： when it is) necessary(2)unless連詞，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“除非，如果不”，該從句有時(shí)可以與if.not.引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句互換。(1)Be kind to your mother，and if_ necessary take her to a big meal.(2)If_ possible，she wants to go with us.(3)One can not learn a language well unless one works hard. One can not learn a language

22、well if he _ work hard.(4)Unless you change your mind，I wont be able to help you.If you _ change your mind，I wont be able to help you.4. Tie a bandage firmly over the burnt area, when a bandage is necessary.firmly adv.堅(jiān)固地；穩(wěn)定地firm (1)adj.(動(dòng)作)穩(wěn)定有力的；堅(jiān)定的；穩(wěn)固的；結(jié)實(shí)的 (2)n.企業(yè)；小公司(類似：company)(3)v.確定；敲定firm up把

23、(安排、想法等)確定下來(lái)；(通過(guò)鍛煉)使(身體)結(jié)實(shí)(1)Keep your eyes_ fixed on the road ahead.(2)I didnt think the chair is_ enough to stand on.(3)We hope to _ the deal later this month.(1)寫出下列句中firm的詞性和漢語(yǔ)意思 The sofa cushions are fairly firm.adj.；He has set up a firm of his own.n.；Well firm up the plan soon.v.；Carl replied

24、with a polite but firm “no”.adj.；5.it prevents your body from losing too much water.它防止你體內(nèi)的水分過(guò)多流失too much太多，過(guò)多，可作形容詞，只能接不可數(shù)名詞；如果要跟可數(shù)名詞，只能用too many。too much還可作副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞；用作名詞短語(yǔ)，作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。much too表示“太”后面不能跟名詞，只能跟形容詞或副詞。(1)Drinking_ cola is bad for your teeth.(2)Dont write _ , or readers will feel bored.(

25、1)Perhaps _ fighting caused the dinosaurs to die out.(2)In western countries, parents would not like their kids to depend _ on others help.6.The temple surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government. belong-belonged- belonged - belongs - belonging(1)The house _ to my grandfather.(2)What party

26、_ you belong to?7. First degree burns turn white when pressed. when pressed是省略的從句，其完整形式為when they are pressed。在 when當(dāng)， while當(dāng)， whenever無(wú)論何時(shí)， however無(wú)論怎樣， until直到， unless除非， if如果， as像，作為，按照，因?yàn)?，正如，雖然， as if似乎， though雖然，although雖然等連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同或從句中的主語(yǔ)是it，且從句謂語(yǔ)有動(dòng)詞be時(shí)，從句中的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞be常被省略。(1)Though_

27、 exhausted, he stayed up late.(2)Whenever_ possible, the children play outside.(3)She trembled a little while_ doing so. (4)Smiling pleasantly, the stranger turned as if_ to speak to me.8.John was presented with his award at a ceremony which recognized the bravery of ten people who had saved the lif

28、e of another.present v.授予；present- presented- presented- presenting- presents頒發(fā)；贈(zèng)給present sb. with sth.present sth. to sb. 把某物授予/頒發(fā)/贈(zèng)給某人present adj.出席的，在場(chǎng)的(用作表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ))；現(xiàn)在的，當(dāng)前的(作前置定語(yǔ)【be present at】)present n.禮物；贈(zèng)品；現(xiàn)在；目前at present(1)The mayor _ the winner _ a gold cup. (2)The headmaster _ the prizes_ t

29、he winners of the English speech contest.(3)The _ headmaster _ each of the graduates _ with a diploma.寫出下列句中present的詞性及漢語(yǔ)意思(1)There are twenty professors and experts present.adj.；(2)There is very little profit in selling newspapers at present.n.；(3)They presented flowers to their teacher. v.；(4)The

30、present government is taking strong measures against dangerous drivers.adj.；(5)The children unwrapped their Christmas presents with delight.n.；9.John used these to treat the most severe injuries to Ms Slades hands. treat - treated- treated - treating - treatstreat vi.& n.治療；對(duì)待；款待treat.as/like.把當(dāng)

31、作；像一樣對(duì)待)be ones= my, your, his, her, its, our, your, their; treatment n.對(duì)待；治療易混辨析 treat/cure/heal(1)treat治療，強(qiáng)調(diào)治療過(guò)程。 (2)cure治療的結(jié)果多用于cure sb. of。 (3)heal傷口復(fù)原用treat，heal或cure的適當(dāng)形式填空(1)Do you think you can_ me _ a schoolboy?(2)The wound hasnt _yet.(3)I can give you some medicine to _ you _ your headache

32、.(4)Discrimination happens when someone is_ less fairly than someone else in a similar situation because of their race, color or ethnic origin.(5)It was a long time before the Americans completely_ from the shadow of the September 11th attack launched by the terrorists.10.He slowed the bleeding by a

33、pplying pressure to the wounds until the police and ambulance arrived.【apply- applied- applied - applying- applies】 apply vt.涂；敷；搽；應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用；vi.申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)求；使用；有效apply to適用于apply(to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申請(qǐng)某物apply sth. to.把某物運(yùn)用于application n.請(qǐng)求；申請(qǐng)；申請(qǐng)表；應(yīng)用；運(yùn)用applicant n.申請(qǐng)表，請(qǐng)求者(1)New technology is being _ to almost

34、 every industrial process.(2)We are _ ourselves to our study.(1)The technology is reported to have been _ to architecture in other countries for a long time, but it was not introduced into China until two years ago.(2)He has been applying_ a scholarship to Harvard University.11.He immediately asked

35、a number of nearby people for bandages，but when nobody could put their hands on any, his father got some tea towels and tape from their house.a number of 修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“許多，大量”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the number of修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示“的數(shù)量”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。(1)_ number of fine poems _written by some famous poets.(2)Only _

36、small number of people attended the meeting.(3)_ number of teachers are present today，_ number of whom is 300.(1)用a number of，the number of填空She has written _ articles for the local paper.Can you give me _ number of the students who attend the meeting?12.As a result of the damage done to the forests

37、, large quantities of desert have replaced (replace) what used to be farmlands.put ones hands on找到by hand 用手做，靠手工hand in hand 手拉手；共同地on the one hand.， on the other(hand).,一方面，另一方面(1)He keeps a file of letters so he can _ his hands on one whenever he needs it.(2)The book was here a moment ago, but I

38、cant put/lay_ hands on(find) it now.(1)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空Ill bring some tapes if I can put my hands _ them.There are shops and buses close _ hand.Buckets of water were passed from hand_ hand to put the fire out.A potter(陶器匠) is making pottery _hand.The children walk down the street hand _ hand.(2)Im sorry.Im

39、afraid I cant put my hands on the car key just at the moment.13.It shows that a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.make a/a little/some/much/any/little/no difference to sb./sth.對(duì)某人或某物)有/有一點(diǎn)/有一些/有許多/任何/幾乎沒(méi)有/沒(méi)有影響、差別或作用，常用it作形式主語(yǔ)，后接wh從句(It makes a difference to sb.wh從句)。tell the difference分辨；區(qū)分；區(qū)別(1)The sea air has _a difference to her health.(2)The rain didnt_ much difference to the game.(3)It_ no difference